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tive herds were found annually. In 1995 to 2004, about thirty different serotypes were found altogether among cattle (Table 25). The most common serotype in 1995 to 2000 was Infantis and after 2001, Typhimurium. Even of these, only 2 to 6 were annually found among cattle in 2001 to 2004. Typhimurium was found in 2004 at two calf-rearing units and at one beef farm. Previously, Salmonellapositive cattle had as a rule been at dairy farms, but Salmonella infections had also earlier been found in beef cattle at individual combined farms. The percentages of Salmonella-positive cattle lymph node samples from 1995 to 2004 are illustrated in Figure 5. In 1995, during the initial year of the control programme, this percentage was 0.8 %, after which it decreased to remain below 0.35 %. For 1995 to 2004, the percentages of Salmonella-positive swab samples from cattle carcasses are presented in Figure 6. The percentage in 1995 for this sample group was 0.7 %, but since 1999 it has as a rule been 0.1 % or less. Näytteitä kpl / No of samples Näytteitä kpl / No of samples 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Naudat / Cattle 1995-2004 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Teurastamo: imusolmuke / Slaughterhouse: lymph nodes % positiivisia imusolmukkeita / % positive lymph nodes Naudat / Cattle1995-2004 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Teurastamo: ruhon pintasively / Slaughterhouse: carcass surface swabs % positiivisia pintasivelyjä / % positive surface swabs Salmonella control and occurence of Salmonella from 1995 to 2004 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 % positiivisia / % positive % positiivisia / % positive Figure 5. National Salmonella Control Programme: Lymph node samples from cattle in 1995-2004 Figure 6. National Salmonella Control Programme: Cattle carcass-surface swabs in 1995-2004
Salmonella control and occurence of Salmonella from 1995 to 2004 Table 26. National Salmonella Control Programme: Salmonella serovars isolated from beef In samples from cattle at slaughterhouses and cutting facilities, Typhimurium was the most common serotype in 1999 to 2004 and Infantis in 1997 to 1998 (Table 26). Altogether, around ten serotypes were recorded. Results of S. Typhimurium phage types among cattle are shown in Appendix 1. During 1995 to 2004, 14 phage types were recorded. DT 1 has by far been the most common phage type, DT 68 the next most frequent. After 1997, no S.Typhimurium phage type DT 104, resistant to many antibiotics and a importat cause for disease among people abroad, has been found among cattle. Phage types DT 40, DT 41 and DT u277, which are typical for wild birds, have appeared as individual infections along the years. At the end of 1996, the serotype S. Poona was found at one farm, when it had spread to people via raw milk directly sold from the farm. In 1997, seven additional Poona herds were found; they also caused a few people to become ill. Previously S. Poona serotype had been isolated in Finland a fur farms, and it has annually been isolated from fur-animal feedstuffs. Unripened cheese made from raw milk from one farm in 1999 apparently directly or indirectly caused four Typhimurium DT 1 epidemics in August-September. In 2004, in a faeces sample from one farm sending bulls to an artificial insemination station, Salmonella ssp. IIIb (= subsp. diarizonae) was detected. Previously, no other subspecies than enterica strains have been isolated from cattle faeces in Finland, and as a rule, isolations of subspecies diarizonae have been from poikilothermic animals (lizards, snakes, turtles). From the results, one cannot determine the incidence of Salmonella infections among cattle; sampling was not carried out randomly, but selectively based on suspicions. One may assume, however, that number of Salmonella-positive herds has been few in proportion to the total number of herds (on average about 30 000 hds, the number constantly decreasing). Serovar 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Agona 1 3) Enteritidis 1 1) Heidelberg 1 3) Indiana 4 1) Infantis 5 2) 1 3) 6 1) 6 2) Kentucky 1 3) 1 3) 1 1) 3 2) 3 2) 1 2) Konstanz 2 1) 1 1) Poona 1 1) 1 3) 1 1) Typhimurium 1 1) 1 3) 1 3) 3 1) 1 3) 3 2) 1 3) 71) 9 2) Salmonella ssp. 2 2) 1 3) 1 2) 1 3) ns 23 1) 24 2) 15 3) 6 1) 15 2) 4 3) 1 1) Total 62 25 14 19 11 6 26 10 6 7 ns = no statistics 1) Lymph node sample 2) Carcass surface swabs 3) Crushed meat samples 4 3) 2 1) 1 2) 7 3) 2 1) 1 2) 2 3) 5 1) 1 3)
Page 1 and 2: SALMONELLA CONTROL AND OCCURENCE OF
Page 3 and 4: Salmonella control and occurence of
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Page 71 and 72: Faagityypit / phagetype National Sa
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Page 75 and 76: Feedstuff Serotypes isolated from f
Page 77 and 78: Feedstuff Serotypes isolated from f
Page 79 and 80: Pet animal serotypes isolated from
Page 81 and 82: Feedstuff Seeds of grains and produ
Page 83 and 84: Feedstuff Feed volume, mil. kg 1) C
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Serotypes isolated from animals oth
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APPENDIX 13 Phagetype 1995 1996 199
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Salmonella isolates from imported f
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Epidemics caused by various Salmone
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Descriptions of Salmonella epidemic
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APPENDIX 18 Council directive 94/65
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