Market Opportunities for African Agriculture - International Food ...

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year. The erosion of SSA’s market shares in OECD countries contributed to this decline as the region’s traditional agricultural exports (cocoa, coffee, spices, etc.) were displaced by similar goods from competing countries (Ng and Yeats, 2000). During 1993-96 agricultural exports of the SSA grew faster than that of the world reaching 13.21 billion US$ in 1994-96. In large part, this increase was due to the unusual increase in global demand (“boom”) for several African traditional agricultural exports. However, the growth rate fell off in 1997, partially due to the East Asian crisis (Ng and Yeats, 2000). During 1998-2000, the value of SSA agricultural exports fell again to 12.94 billion US$. World export of agricultural products declined annually by 2.39 percent in the second half of the 1990s, while that of SSA decreased by only 0.5 percent. As a share in the world agricultural exports, SSA exports increased only slightly (Table 2). Table 3 depicts the composition of SSA exports, by four major categories, in 1980, 1990, and 1997. Despite a significant decline in its share, from 75.6 percent in 1980 to 54.7 percent in 1997, crude petroleum continued to hold the major share in total exports. Share of manufacturing exports increased from 4 to 18.4 percent during this period. Non-oil primary commodities also registered some progress by increasing its share from 19.7 to 26.6 percent during this period. However, the SSA agricultural exports as a share of total exports during 1994-96 (13.82 percent) was still below that of 1981-83 (15 percent). That the value of SSA exports increased by about 7.4 billion US$ in 1990- 92, compared to that of 1981-83, and by another 7 billion US$ in 1994-96 (Table 2), was due to the increases in manufacturing and non-oil primary commodities other than agriculture. 8
Table 3—Composition of exports from Sub-Saharan Africa, 1980, 1990, and 1997 9 1980 1990 1997 (Percent share of total exports) Crude Petroleum 75.6 61.3 54.7 Non-oil Primary Commodities 19.7 22.8 26.6 Manufactures 4.0 15.5 18.4 Unclassified 0.7 0.4 0.3 Source: Economic Development in Africa, UNCTAD. a. Exports by Commodity Groups Table 4 presents the structure of SSA agricultural exports by major product categories. In the table agricultural exports are divided into four groups – traditional, food and livestock products, fish, and all other products, which are mainly various nontraditional export products. Traditional agricultural exports include cocoa, coffee, tea, textile fibers, and tobacco. The absolute value of traditional exports declined drastically during the early 1990s. With a moderate recovery during the mid-1990s, it fell again in 1999-2000 staying below the 1981-83 level. Although the value of traditional exports from SSA declined by 0.7 percent annually during the second half of the 1990s, its share in world exports increased by 1.15 percent per year. Nonetheless, the share of traditional exports in SSA total exports still remained over 50 percent, as exports of tea, tobacco, and cotton partially compensated for lagging export earnings of coffee and cocoa. The value of SSA exports of food and livestock products (including vegetables and fruits, and hides and skins) has remained close to constant, both in terms of absolute value and share of total exports, over the past two decades (around 3.5 billion US dollars). But the share in world exports of food and livestock products has declined drastically, from 1.8 percent in 1981-83 to 0.4 percent in 1998-2000 (Table 4).
Page 1 and 2: DSGD DISCUSSION PAPER NO. 1 MARKET
Page 3: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to thank t
Page 6 and 7: LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Some basic
Page 8 and 9: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Monthly a
Page 10 and 11: imports 25 percent of its food grai
Page 13 and 14: MARKET OPPORTUNITIES FOR AFRICAN AG
Page 15 and 16: Table 1—Some basic facts about Su
Page 17 and 18: We begin with a review of broad tre
Page 19: Table 2—World and Sub-Saharan cou
Page 23 and 24: This is mainly because of a signifi
Page 25 and 26: Staples Non-traditional Traditional
Page 27 and 28: impact on export earnings and incom
Page 29 and 30: ooms of the 1970s, but the trends f
Page 31 and 32: produced by smallholders, resulting
Page 33 and 34: Table 7—Export of fish and fisher
Page 35 and 36: Table 8—Summary of food safety re
Page 37 and 38: flowers and foliage to the EU. The
Page 39 and 40: The emergence and growth of the Ken
Page 41 and 42: SUMMARY Currently, the agricultural
Page 43 and 44: Table 12—Sub-Saharan African majo
Page 45 and 46: Besides the demand-side constraint,
Page 47 and 48: percent. However, because rapid gro
Page 49 and 50: pace, by 4.15 percent per year thro
Page 51 and 52: equivalent to 9 to 11 percent of ma
Page 53 and 54: esult in increased imports of lives
Page 55 and 56: this study is to evaluate African c
Page 57 and 58: In this scenario, where non-traditi
Page 59 and 60: more employment opportunities for u
Page 61 and 62: of SSA (4 percent). No additional p
Page 63 and 64: d. Combining high growth livestock
Page 65 and 66: output (Table 20). Because the chan
Page 67 and 68: This increase in TFP in the transpo
Page 69 and 70: scenarios, we find that some countr
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Per capita annual growth of cereal
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Figure 3—Impact of TFP growth on
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too long to make a significant cont
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particularly important, and better
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Franco, M., and R. Godoy. 1993. “
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Staples Non-traditional Traditional
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Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Appendix I Table 7—Baseline Proje
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Appendix I Table 9—Projected annu
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Appendix I Table 11—Projected ann
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Appendix I Table 13—Agricultural
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Page 97 and 98:
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Appendix II Table 1—Agricultural
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and in 1998 Mozambique contributed
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from 56.5 percent in 1981-83 to 40.
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Uganda has distinct competitive adv
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Victoria and their Natural Carrying
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Macroeconomic Policies In 1991, tax
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Appendix II Table 4—Agricultural
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inappropriate seeds and fertilizers
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i.e. upgrading equipments and labor
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9. Ghana 10. Guinea 11. Guinea-Biss
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21. Sugar 22. Processed food produc
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