160 ADVANCES IN PALAEOICHTHYOLOGY Fig. 1. Talimaalepis rimae gen. et sp. nov. scale morphological varieties. Lake Basin outcrop No 21, north west Mongolia; Chargat Formation, Salhit Regional Stage, Upper Ll<strong>and</strong>overy – Wenlock, Lower Silurian. A, LGI M-1/201, oral scale; B, LGI M-1/254, oral scale; C, LGI M-1/203, oral scale; D, LGI M-1/204, oral scale; E, LGI M-1/224, holotype, cephalo-pectoral scale; F, LGI M- 1/258, cephalo-pectoral scale; G, LGI M-1/234, cephalo-pectoral scale; H, LGI M-1/231, cephalopectoral scale; I, LGI M-1/233, cephalo-pectoral scale; J, LGI M-1/232, cephalo-pectoral scale;
Ž. Žigaite. New telodont from Tuva <strong>and</strong> Mongolia 161 with large anterior spur-like process. Pulp opening allocated just behind the vertical projection of the base. Only one well-defined pulp canal present. Straight separate dentine canals, rather thin in the periphery, anostomose <strong>and</strong> become thicker close to the pulp canal. Pore scales of sensory line-system present. Description. Morphology. Five major morphological types of the scales have been distinguished – the rostral, cephalo-pectoral, postpectoral, precaudal <strong>and</strong> pinnal (according to Märss 1986a, b; Märss <strong>and</strong> Ritchie 1998). Rostral scales (Fig. 1 A-D; Fig. 2 A-C) are slightly rhombic to oval, with a massive basal plate which is usually larger than the crown. The crown has isometrically serrated edges. The surface of the crown is smooth <strong>and</strong> lacks any kind of sculpture. Cephalo-pectoral scales (Fig. 1 E-L; Fig. 2 D-L) are large, elongate <strong>and</strong> relatively flat, with distinct crown sculpture. The crown surface contains a sharp longitudinal central depression or groove, surro<strong>un</strong>ded by symmetrical ribs on both sides, <strong>and</strong> one or two pairs of lateral ribs. The crown goes over the smooth base. The neck is not well expressed. The posterior edge of the crown is notched <strong>and</strong> stretches over the base. The base is large, wedge shaped, often with a specific strong anterior spur-like process. Postpectoral scales (Fig. 1 M-P) are characterized by a wide <strong>and</strong> shallow central crown depression <strong>and</strong> one pair of lateral ribs. The crown is usually wider <strong>and</strong> longer than the base. The difference between cephalo-pectoral <strong>and</strong> postpectoral scales is transitional. Precaudal scales (Fig. 1 Z; Fig. 2 M) are comparatively tiny, up to 0.5 mm long. The crown sculpture, the central groove <strong>and</strong> ridges are not very clear. Pinnal (fin) scales (Fig. 1 R-V; Fig. 2 N, O) are narrow <strong>and</strong> elongate as are crown sculpture elements. The base is strongly wedge-shaped, its vertical projection lies almost at a right angle with the crown. The crown is rather needle shaped, so called “c<strong>un</strong>eata” type (Märss 1986a, b). These scales might have been allocated on the fins of this thelodont. The shape of the scales reflects the higher flexibility of fins. The scales possessing pores of the sensory-line system are also established (Fig. 2 H). Histology. The internal structure of Talimaalepis rimae gen. et sp. nov. is rather similar to that of genus Helenolepis. The horizontal longitudinal thin sections of the scales show thin dentine canals which are directed from the periphery towards the pulp canal, gradually thickening <strong>and</strong> anastomosing. In the central part of the scale, several thick dentine canals enter into a wide single pulp canal which takes approximately 2/3 of the crown length (Fig. 3). Comparison. The morphology of rostral <strong>and</strong> cephalo-pectoral scales of Talimaalepis rimae gen. et sp. nov. is rather similar to that of Helenolepis obruchevi Karatajūte- Talimaa, 1978. A common feature is the extremely high vertical projection of the base of adult scales. The internal scale structure <strong>and</strong> the possession of thick dentine canals display a close relation to genus Helenolepis too. Though possession of a single pulp K, LGI M-1/237, cephalo-pectoral scale; L, LGI M-1/227, cephalo-pectoral scale; M, LGI M- 1/207, post-pectoral scale ; N, LGI M-1/208, post-pectoral scale; O, LGI M-1/223, post-pectoral scale; P, LGI M-1/235, post-pectoral scale; R, LGI M-1/220, pinnal scale; Q, LGI M-1/238, pinnal scale; S, LGI M-1/213, pinnal scale; T, LGI M-1/214, pinnal scale; U, LGI M-1/226, pinnal scale; Y, LGI M-1/200, pinnal scale; V, LGI M-1/206, pinnal scale; Z, LGI M-1/239, precaudal scale. Scale bars: A, D, E, H, N, P, 200 µm; B, C, G, I, K, M, O, R-T, V, 300 µm; F, J, L, U, Y, Z, 400 µm.
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LATVIJAS UNIVERSITĀTES RAKSTI 679.
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LATVIJAS UNIVERSITĀTES RAKSTI 679.
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Contents Ervīns Lukševičs and Ģ
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ACTA UNIVERSITATIS LATVIENSIS, 2004
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Ervīns Lukševičs, Ģirts Stinkul
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Olga Afanassieva. Microrelief on th
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