1. INTRODUCTION - India Environment Portal

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Echosounder: A dual-frequency echosounder (make: Odom–Echotrac - DF 3200 MK II) was used to measure the water depths in the survey area. The lower frequency of 33 KHz provides relatively more penetration, while the higher frequency of 200 KHz provides relatively better resolution. The transducer (model TXDCR Dual CMS 3116J14-P) was mounted on the starboard side of the survey vessel in such a way that it is fully submerged even during the roll and pitch of the vessel. Specifications of Ecosounder: Resolution : 1cm/dot Scale : 0-30 m Display : Black and white Graphic LCD Accuracy : ± 0.0425% of total depth. Side Scan Sonar: An EG&G (model 260) image correcting side scan sonar along with the tow fish (model 272) was used to obtain the seabed image to locate the surficial features. The ‘Fish’ was towed behind the vessel by using a light weight tow cable. Though the system was capable of operating up to a maximum scanning range of 600 m, only 100 m to 200 m range was selected in the study area to obtain better resolution in order to identify the hazardous / anomalous zones on the seafloor. Specifications: Operating Frequency : 105 ±10 KHz. Pulse length : 0.1 msec. Peak output : 128 dB ref 1 µ bar at 1 meter. Sub-bottom Profiler: High-resolution shallow seismic system (Make: EG&G) was deployed to acquire the sub-bottom information of the region. The system includes Power Supply 10
(Model 232-A), Trigger capacitor bank (Model 265), 3-element Sparker Array (Model 267), Hydrophone (Model 263D) and EPC graphic recorder (Model 4603). The Sparker array, towed aft the vessel, was used to transmit the energy in the range of 200 to 300 joules. The reflected signals from the seabed and the subsurface layers were received by an 8-element hydrophone, which is also towed aft the vessel. The signals were filtered by a band pass filter and recorded on a graphic recorder in an analog form. Basic principle of the system is to initiate a sound pulse at the source and to receive the reflected signals at the receiver close to the source. The time taken by the signal from its initiation till its receiving (after reflections from subsurface layers such as water, sediments and rock formation etc.) was measured and recorded on the chart. The depth to the different subsurface horizons were computed based on these two-way travel times. Specification of the hydrophone: Sensitivity Frequency bandwidth Maximum tow speed Gain (preamplifier) Output impedance : 133 db / volt / microbar : 100 Hz – 10 KHz : 6 NM : 40db (including of 8 element in series) : 2K ohms <strong>1.</strong>3.<strong>1.</strong>2 Creek bathymetry Bathymetry data were collected along 105 profiles across the JMC at a space interval of about 100 m. Total length of the covered area in the creek is nearly 11 km starting from the mouth of the creek at the confluence point i.e. the northeastern end of the creek to southwestern end. The trend of JMC is nearly parallel to the coast. Echo sounding data were collected in both analogue and digital forms using different systems. Analogue charts were used to have the real physiographic section of the survey lines whereas the digital data obtained from 11
Page 1 and 2: 1. INTRODUCTION POSCO intends to se
Page 3 and 4: FIGURE 1.1 LOCATION OF THE PORT 3
Page 5 and 6: FIGURE 1.3 SATELLITE IMAGERY OF THE
Page 7 and 8: the water depth of 9 m due to non-a
Page 9: The present DGPS system operates wi
Page 13 and 14: _______________ Spectral width para
Page 15 and 16: 1.3.3. Water quality Parameters Thr
Page 17 and 18: 1.3.3.4 Salinity The halogen compou
Page 19 and 20: degradation with possible contribut
Page 21 and 22: each station the net was towed for
Page 23 and 24: 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION POSCO, Korea
Page 25 and 26: FIGURE 2.1. LAYOUT OF THE HARBOUR F
Page 27 and 28: tranquil condition inside the port
Page 29 and 30: FIGURE 2.2. SAND MOUND TYPE REVETME
Page 31 and 32: Containment Dikes: The containment
Page 33 and 34: 3 BASELINE STUDIES Baseline data on
Page 35 and 36: erosional activity has been observe
Page 37 and 38: FIGURE 3.1 MAP SHOWING THE BATHYMET
Page 39 and 40: FIGURE 3.3 a TYPICAL SESIMIC SECTIO
Page 41 and 42: FIGURE 3.4 a TYPICAL INTERPRETED SE
Page 43 and 44: Line-40/1: (central line close to L
Page 45 and 46: 3.1.6 Side Scan Sonar The Side Scan
Page 47 and 48: 3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS The st
Page 49 and 50: Bengal and in the vicinity of Parad
Page 51 and 52: 3.2.5 Visibility The monthly averag
Page 53 and 54: FIGURE 3.7 TRACK OF CYCLONE PASSED
Page 55 and 56: 3.5 3 2.5 Tide (m) 2 1.5 1 0.5 13 1
Page 57 and 58: Table 3.8 Joint distribution of Hs
Page 59 and 60: MAXIMUM SPECTRAL ENERGY(m 2 /Hz) 30
Page 61 and 62:
N 330 30 300 60 W E 240 120 2.5 - 3
Page 63 and 64:
360 WATER DEPTH : 16 m MEASURED AT
Page 65 and 66:
At location L2, the near surface (8
Page 67 and 68:
N 330 30 300 60 W E 10% 20% 240 30%
Page 69 and 70:
N 330 30 300 60 W E 10% 20% 240 30%
Page 71 and 72:
1010 1012 1014 1016 1010 1012 1014
Page 73 and 74:
0 Location 20 deg 13' 40.23" N : 86
Page 75 and 76:
3.4 WATER QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS I
Page 77 and 78:
Table 3.12 Hydrochemical characteri
Page 79 and 80:
Table 3.13 Tracemetal elements in s
Page 81 and 82:
Table 3.15 Bacterial population in
Page 83 and 84:
Table 3.17 Composition and mean abu
Page 85 and 86:
and N3 recorded highest diversity (
Page 87 and 88:
Table 3.19: Abundance (no. /m 2 ) o
Page 89 and 90:
Table 3.21 Abundance (no. /10cm 2 )
Page 91 and 92:
0 20 Similarity 40 60 80 100 S#1 C#
Page 93 and 94:
Table 3.24 Percentage composition o
Page 95 and 96:
Table 3.26 Estimated group-wise fis
Page 97 and 98:
dry sandy beaches of Gahirmatha. Af
Page 99 and 100:
strongly recommended used of TED in
Page 130 and 131:
Appendix 1: Summary of soil investi
Page 132 and 133:
FIGURE A2 SOIL PROFILE IN THE CREEK
Page 134 and 135:
Appendix 2a List of Phytoplankton r
Page 136 and 137:
Appendix 2a contd……… Sr.No. G
Page 138 and 139:
Appendix 2b List of Phytoplankton r
Page 140 and 141:
Appendix 2b contd…… Sr.No. Gene
Page 142 and 143:
Appendix 2c contd…. Sr.No. Genera
show all

1. INTRODUCTION - India Environment Portal

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?