1. INTRODUCTION - India Environment Portal

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Mortality: Despite the legal protection given to the sea turtle, the sea turtle population migrating to the coastal waters off Orissa has been declining in recent years. The death of several thousand adult breeding individuals in Orissa each year has become a major concern of the national and international community. Mortality of olive ridley sea turtle recorded at Gahirmatha beach and other beaches of Orissa coast is shown in Figure 3.25. Highest mortality was recorded during 1997-98. Various causes have been assigned for the mortality of olive ridley and they are: <strong>1.</strong> Pesticides and PEBs have been detected but the effect on hatchlings and adult is unknown. 2. Marine turtles are at risk when encountering oil spill. Thus, oil pollution may cause mortality in Olive Ridley around Orissa coast. 3. Jellyfish is the main food for turtles. Olive Ridley eat a wide variety of marine debris, plastic pieces, tarball and raw plastic pellets. The toxic byproducts of these material may kill them. 4. Unintentional non fishing mortality due to collision with propellers and diseases. 5. The biggest cause of mortality is the incidental capture of adult turtles in trawl-fishing nets and death by drowning. Our discussion with Project Swarajya- an NGO (personal communication) revealed that during 1997-98 mass mortality of olive ridley occurred along Gahirmatha beach. They have recorded about 50,000 dead turtles during October 1997 to May 1998. This mortality has been attributed to a single parameter – the unregulated fishing in the area. The reckless trawl fishing and gill netting in the vicinity of the major nesting ground are the main villain. Of late there has been no mass nesting of the turtle along Orissa coast. A number of other activities have been shown to destroy the olive ridley population. One is poaching. The hyenas, dogs, jackals and other wild animals inhabiting the area take a heavy toll of turtle eggs and hatchlings here. The turtle eggs have been on sale in the market. Turtle meat is considered delicacy among the tribals. The unplanned human activities seem to be the main reasons for mortality of olive turtle in Gahirmatha area. A training programme on turtle excluder device (TED) was organized during 11-14 November 1996 to familiarize the local fishermen population. The workshop 98
strongly recommended used of TED in the shrimp trawl. The recommendations of this workshop are available and if implemented will help in the conservation of the sea turtle. In the orders and recommendations given by Orissa high court on protection of Bhitarkanika Sanctuary on 14.05.1998 it was mentioned in quote - progress and pollution go together. As the Apex Court observed in M.C. Mehta V. Union of <strong>India</strong> AIR 1987 SC 901, when Science and Technology are increasingly employed in producing goods and services calculated to improve the quality of life, there is certain element of hazard or risk inherit in the very use of Science and technology and it is not possible to totally eliminate such hazards or risk altogether we can only hope to reduce the element of hazard or risk to the community by taking all necessary steps for locating such industries in a manner which would pose least risk of danger to the community and maximizing safety requirement. As observed in the United Nations Conference held at Stockholm in June, 1972, economic and social development was essential for ensuring a favorable living and working environment for man and for creating condition on earth that were necessary for the improvement of the quality of life. It may be noted that the suggested port location is out of the core area of Gahirmatha sanctuary since Gahirmatha is about 35 km away from the proposed Port location. It is felt that the sea turtles of Orissa coast can sustainable be conserved by regular monitoring of mechanized fishing activities and poaching – the main threats to sea turtles. 3.5.7 Ecology The tidal inlet is shallow and does not attain much importance from the point of view of fisheries, benthic communities and vegetation. Mangroves are totally absent in the study area. Patches of casuarina, cashew trees and sea grass are observed towards landward of creek as well as on the sand spit. North of Noliasahi two major artificially constructed shrimp seed collection ponds are located on either side of the creek. One is towards the mainland and the other towards the spit. 99
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1. INTRODUCTION POSCO intends to se
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FIGURE 1.1 LOCATION OF THE PORT 3
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FIGURE 1.3 SATELLITE IMAGERY OF THE
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the water depth of 9 m due to non-a
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The present DGPS system operates wi
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(Model 232-A), Trigger capacitor ba
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_______________ Spectral width para
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1.3.3. Water quality Parameters Thr
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1.3.3.4 Salinity The halogen compou
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degradation with possible contribut
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each station the net was towed for
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2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION POSCO, Korea
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FIGURE 2.1. LAYOUT OF THE HARBOUR F
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tranquil condition inside the port
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FIGURE 2.2. SAND MOUND TYPE REVETME
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Containment Dikes: The containment
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3 BASELINE STUDIES Baseline data on
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erosional activity has been observe
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FIGURE 3.1 MAP SHOWING THE BATHYMET
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FIGURE 3.3 a TYPICAL SESIMIC SECTIO
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FIGURE 3.4 a TYPICAL INTERPRETED SE
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Line-40/1: (central line close to L
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3.1.6 Side Scan Sonar The Side Scan
Page 47 and 48: 3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS The st
Page 49 and 50: Bengal and in the vicinity of Parad
Page 51 and 52: 3.2.5 Visibility The monthly averag
Page 53 and 54: FIGURE 3.7 TRACK OF CYCLONE PASSED
Page 55 and 56: 3.5 3 2.5 Tide (m) 2 1.5 1 0.5 13 1
Page 57 and 58: Table 3.8 Joint distribution of Hs
Page 59 and 60: MAXIMUM SPECTRAL ENERGY(m 2 /Hz) 30
Page 61 and 62: N 330 30 300 60 W E 240 120 2.5 - 3
Page 63 and 64: 360 WATER DEPTH : 16 m MEASURED AT
Page 65 and 66: At location L2, the near surface (8
Page 67 and 68: N 330 30 300 60 W E 10% 20% 240 30%
Page 69 and 70: N 330 30 300 60 W E 10% 20% 240 30%
Page 71 and 72: 1010 1012 1014 1016 1010 1012 1014
Page 73 and 74: 0 Location 20 deg 13' 40.23" N : 86
Page 75 and 76: 3.4 WATER QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS I
Page 77 and 78: Table 3.12 Hydrochemical characteri
Page 79 and 80: Table 3.13 Tracemetal elements in s
Page 81 and 82: Table 3.15 Bacterial population in
Page 83 and 84: Table 3.17 Composition and mean abu
Page 85 and 86: and N3 recorded highest diversity (
Page 87 and 88: Table 3.19: Abundance (no. /m 2 ) o
Page 89 and 90: Table 3.21 Abundance (no. /10cm 2 )
Page 91 and 92: 0 20 Similarity 40 60 80 100 S#1 C#
Page 93 and 94: Table 3.24 Percentage composition o
Page 95 and 96: Table 3.26 Estimated group-wise fis
Page 97: dry sandy beaches of Gahirmatha. Af
Page 130 and 131: Appendix 1: Summary of soil investi
Page 132 and 133: FIGURE A2 SOIL PROFILE IN THE CREEK
Page 134 and 135: Appendix 2a List of Phytoplankton r
Page 136 and 137: Appendix 2a contd……… Sr.No. G
Page 138 and 139: Appendix 2b List of Phytoplankton r
Page 140 and 141: Appendix 2b contd…… Sr.No. Gene
Page 142 and 143: Appendix 2c contd…. Sr.No. Genera
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1. INTRODUCTION - India Environment Portal

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