Annual Report 2009/2010 - JUWEL - Forschungszentrum Jülich

safeguards was also requested. Decisions adopted by the IAEA policy bodies aimed at
further strengthening the effectiveness and improving the efficiency should be supported and
implemented. 29
In connection with fissile material the conference reaffirmed the urgent necessity for a FMCT
which should be non-discriminatory, multilateral and internationally and effectively
verifiable. 30 The NWS were encouraged to commit to declare as appropriate to the IAEA all
fissile material no longer required for military purposes under IAEA verification. 31 The
development of appropriate legally binding verification arrangements within the context of the
IAEA should also be encouraged to ensure the irreversible removal of fissile material as no
longer required for military purposes. 32
The conference generally asked for wider application of safeguards to peaceful nuclear
activities in NWS. Finally the conference expected that CSAs and APs should be universally
applied once the complete elimination of nuclear weapons has been achieved. 33
The final action plan of the conference assigned a strong role to the IAEA safeguards system
in the disarmament process and the FMCT issue as well as in connection with efforts to
reach Global Zero (i.e., to abolish all nuclear weapons). With this final goal the conference
also accepted CSAs and AP as the universal standard for the peaceful use of nuclear energy
in all states.
Conclusions
What were the main results and messages when considering not only the legal language but
reading more between the lines and taking into account the diversity and complexity of the
negotiations?
In general it can be said that the outcome of the conference was a success for the future
introduction and use of peaceful nuclear energy. Only two delegations argued against the
peaceful use of nuclear energy and noted concerns about environmental and health risks. A
great number of delegations from the developing world expressed interest in implementing
nuclear energy. In this context it is notable that the conference asked for full use of the
nuclear fuel cycle including also HEU. The interest in nuclear energy was further reflected in
the discussions of Article IV where strong safety and security standards were requested by
the conference. Surprisingly, the discussion on Multilateral Nuclear Approaches (MNAs)
attracted only little interest.
In the safeguards area the non-acceptance of the AP as universal standard was a step
backward which can be solved in the future process of disarmament. Also, the weak
withdrawal paragraph was not satisfactory. A very interesting and detailed discussion took
place on the State-level approach which can be interpreted as the future standard for
adaptable and flexible safeguards.
The IAEA together with their safeguards system was the winner, as the Agency is expected
to play a leading role in the disarmament process and its verification.
29 [1], p. 26, Action 32
30 [1], p. 23, E.i.
31 [1], p. 23, Action16
32 [1], p. 24, Action 17
33 [1], p. 25, Action 30
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