Annual Report 2009/2010 - JUWEL - Forschungszentrum Jülich

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After the identification of the observed crystalline phases the amount of each of these phases was determined by the Rietveld method. This method additionally allows the assessment of the amorphous content of the sample by adding an internal standard of known weight. Zincite was used as standard material. In order to apply this method the crystallographic structure of each observed compound must be known and submitted to the appropriate Rietveld software. The crystallographic structure comprises basically the chemical composition, the lattice parameters, the space group, and the atomic positions of the asymmetric unit. These data are normally accessible through the ICSD crystallographic structural database. If the structures of the observed powder compounds are not known the structures normally have to be determined by single crystal methods which demand single crystals of certain dimensions being not smaller than few hundred micrometres. If it is not possible to synthesize crystal individuals convenient for structure determination by X-ray diffraction other methods have to be applied to solve unknown crystal structures or to derive appropriate models at least being suitable for Rietveld calculations, respectively. The structures of the observed secondary phases were all known with one exception considering the Lesukite. Applied REM and TEM analysis of this compound revealed unambiguously a cubic morphology of this secondary phase (Fig. 23). Fig. 23: Left: REM of Lesukite. Right: Low resolution TEM of Lesukite High resolution TEM analysis of the surface shows a regular molecular arrangement (Fig. 24, left). As this electron diffraction method applies high energy which has an enormous impact of the stability of this compound the low quality of this surface picture obtained was enhanced by Fourier transformation which reduces the noise of the original measurement. The observed cubic crystals have an edge length of only few hundred nanometres. The 3D plot of the smoothed and Fourier transformed pe reveals the periodic characteristic of the molecular arrangement (Fig. 24, right). The observed ripples and valleys exhibit a distance of approximately one nanometre and a cubic arrangement as well. These findings obtained by electron microscopy which clearly indicate the cubic nature of this structure were supported by literature data [6, 7] and additional analytical methods which have been applied considering the crystal system and unit cell parameters. This compound has a lattice parameter of approximately 2 nm which is twice the ripple distance which has been observed by HRTEM. 43
Fig. 24: Left: High resolution TEM of the Lesukite. Right: 3D depiction of the molecular arrangement in Lesukite. The crystal system is reported to be cubic as well. An indexing procedure [8] which has been applied on the observed peak positions of Lesukite clearly favours a cubic body centred unit basis of the best result obtained by the previous indexing procedure. The R wp quality mark has a value < 9 % which is quite well. The findings of the applied indexing and the Pawley Fit are shown in the Fig. 25 and Fig. 26. 70 60 SG: I 23 Goodness of Fit 50 40 30 7770 7780 7790 7800 7810 20 0 1000 10000 100000 3 ] Fig. 25: Result of the LSI indexing procedure. The indexing procedure was enabled to test all crystal systems in order to assign the observed peak positions of Lesukite to an appropriate unit cell. The number of possible solutions was constraint to 3000. This procedure favours the space group I 23. The result 44
Page 1 and 2: Mitglied Mitglied der der Helmholtz
Page 4 and 5: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Inst
Page 6 and 7: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Preface .......
Page 8: 6.2.2 Doctoral Thesis .............
Page 11 and 12: state of NRW. The collaborative pro
Page 13 and 14: 2 Institute’s Profile Due to the
Page 15 and 16: 2.2. Organization chart Reactor Saf
Page 17 and 18: 3 Key Research Topics 3.1. Long Ter
Page 19 and 20: actinide co-conversion into polyact
Page 21 and 22: Fig. 7: Non-destructive analytical
Page 23 and 24: Fig. 9: Thermal treatment of an AVR
Page 25 and 26: 3.8. Product Quality Control of Rad
Page 27 and 28: 3.8.2 Product Quality Control of Lo
Page 29 and 30: The advantage of working at low vac
Page 31 and 32: NdPO 4 powder sample, directly rece
Page 33 and 34: 4.5. Non-destructive assay testing
Page 35 and 36: 5 Scientific and Technical Reports
Page 37 and 38: Results and Discussion The irradiat
Page 39 and 40: work will focus on the identificati
Page 41 and 42: Different solvents (iso-propanol an
Page 43 and 44: e & j) Aggregates of aluminium oxid
Page 45 and 46: Experimental details The corrosion
Page 47: Intensity [CPS] 500 400 300 200 100
Page 51 and 52: a) MD model [10] b) Derived Lesukit
Page 53 and 54: 5.4. Minor actinide(III) recovery f
Page 55 and 56: Extensive extraction studies were p
Page 57 and 58: of the extraction properties of the
Page 59 and 60: Cm(III) together with the lanthanid
Page 61 and 62: using a mixture of CyMe4BTBP and TO
Page 63 and 64: A more challenging route studied wi
Page 65 and 66: These preliminary results show that
Page 67 and 68: The 1-cycle SANEX process is intend
Page 69 and 70: Continuous counter-current tests us
Page 71 and 72: Conclusion In this work, it was sho
Page 73 and 74: shaken by a vortex mixer for 15 min
Page 75 and 76: 100 100 Distribution ratio 10 1 0.1
Page 77 and 78: Tab. 15: The distribution ratios of
Page 79 and 80: 5.7. Synthesis and thermal treatmen
Page 81 and 82: Acid-Deficient Uranyl-Nitrate via d
Page 83 and 84: Optical investigation showed a noti
Page 85 and 86: TG /% 100 98 96 94 92 90 88 86 84 8
Page 87 and 88: Radiolysis in the aqueous solutions
Page 89 and 90: is about 4% while the one of the rh
Page 91 and 92: Fig. 59: Compressibility curve for
Page 93 and 94: Conclusion and outlook Monazite-typ
Page 95 and 96: Fig. 63: Description of the unit ce
Page 97 and 98: agents for the synthesis of neodymi
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100 TG 785°C Exo DSC 0,2 0,0 90 -0
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After synthesis the product was cen
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process of monazite and additional
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Tab. 18: Lattice parameters determi
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Conclusions For Sm 1-x Ce x PO 4 mo
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5.11. Raman Spectra of Synthetic Ra
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The numerical values of all measure
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knowledge, these special relationsh
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Fig. 80: Raman spectra of LaPO 4 ir
Page 117 and 118:
5.12. MC simulation of thermal neut
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content was replaced by hydrogen. C
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constant for hydrogen concentration
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with a 0 1 -183.88 ± 8.55 and a 2
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5.13. An Improved Method for the no
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2 2 2 d0 R ds d0 dw la( )
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The relative uncertainty for the ac
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In the drum, 4 ‘hot spots’ for
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activity of Cs-137 is much more und
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gamma-ray detector approximated by
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shown in Fig. 96. In both cases the
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econstruction than the old calculat
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Neutron capture cross sections and
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Outlook The evaluated data will be
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from carbon-based HTR fuel elements
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Fig. 102: 3D volume reconstructions
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dislocate the 14 C atom from its pr
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It can be seen that nearly all trit
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Acknowledgement The authors like to
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development by investigations of ga
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Fig. 109: The left picture shows th
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[2] A European Roadmap for Developi
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from airborne SWIR Full Spectrum Im
Page 163 and 164:
Fig. 113: Visualization of the vege
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number of training samples up to 19
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Acknowledgements The work presented
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three approaches has severe drawbac
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neighbours from the list of merge c
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it gives a difference in segmentati
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[6] I. Niemeyer, F. Bachmann, A. Jo
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Monitoring 3 cooperated intensively
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facilities and other treaty related
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parameters of the SAR system, such
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The MGD products used in the study
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Fig. 134 contains the result for th
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[2] H. Maître (ed.), Processing of
Page 189 and 190:
Preparatory Committee to allocate t
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unconditional security assurances f
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safeguards was also requested. Deci
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[16] United Nations Security Counci
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5.24. Development and Application o
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Hardware layer The hardware layer i
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So in most applications the scale u
Page 203 and 204:
The ENDF-B/V and ENDF-B/VI librarie
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5.26. Product control of waste prod
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Polysiloxane which has been investi
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acceptance requirements [3]. In the
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Fig. 145: List of description and d
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6.1. Courses taught at universities
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Umwelt / Energy & Environment 2010;
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6.5. Institute Seminar The IEK-6 or
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6.5.3 Invited talks 2009 30.04.2009
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21.09.2010 Dr. N. Evans: The Chemis
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8 Selected R&D projects 8.1. EU pro
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K. Aymanns: Nominated as deputy re
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Bukaemskiy A.A., Barrier D., Modolo
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11.2. Publications 2009 11.2.1 Jour
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Rezniczek, A.; Richter, B.; Jussofi
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Daniels, H.: Co-conversion of actin
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11.3. Publications 2010 11.3.1 Jour
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Sypula, M.; Wilden, A.; Schreinemac
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(Partitioning) - Stabilitätsunters
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Modolo, G.; Bosbach, D.; Geist, A.;
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12 How to reach us Postal Address F
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By train: Take the train from Aache
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Schriften des Forschungszentrums J
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Annual Report 2009/2010 - JUWEL - Forschungszentrum Jülich

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