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Mali From Timbuktu to Washington /., MARY JO ARNOLDI ,,»,/ JOHN W. FRANKLIN \
scholars and architects from this larger Islamic world returned with him to Mali to take up residence in Timbuktu and the empire's capital city. Today between 80 and 90 percent of Malians are MusHms. Many of them make the annual pilgrimage to Islamic holy sites in Saudi Arabia to renew and reaffirm their faith, and Malian students study at Islamic universities in Morocco, Egypt, and elsewhere. In the 1 8th and 19th centuries, the tragedy of the trans-Atlantic slave trade brought Malians west to the Americas by way ot the Middle Passage. These men and women carried with them not only their values, aesthetics, and beliefs but also their agricultural and technological expertise. They contributed to the very fabric of American culture, and through their knowledge and labor they helped develop the American economy. Mali's ties to the United States did not end with the abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade; in the 20th century, for example, during the two World Wars, Malian soldiers fought alongside the AUied forces in the European and African theaters. Drawing on their experiences, the veterans brought new ideas about liberty and justice back to Mali, and these fed the growing movement for independence from French colonial rule that achieved success in i960. Mali's commitment to democracy has grown over the last decades, and MaU now stands as an important example of democracy in action for other African nations and the world. Over the past decades, Malian students have come to study in The Niger River is a vital lifeline in Mali, connecting peoples and communities from the desert in the north to the forest and grasslands in the south. Photo © Shawn Davis For centuries camels have been the primary means of transporting people and goods across the Sahara. These camels are resting outside a Tuareg camp near Timbuktu. Photo by John Franklin © <strong>Smithsonian</strong> <strong>Institution</strong> Editor's note: In cases where ethnic groups or places are known by different names or spellings in the United States and Mali, both names/spellings are given the first time they are used in an article. 41 Ministry of Tourism and Crafts; Ministry of Culture; Ministry of Women, Family, and Youth Affairs; and Ministry of Education), the World Bank, and the U.S. Agency for International Development. Additional supporting organizations include the U.S. Department of State, Africa Society, Corporate Council on Africa, Friends of Mali, the Association of Malians in Washington, and the Peace Corps.
Page 1: SMITHSONIAN FOLKLIFE FESTIVAL SCOTL
Page 4 and 5: The annual Smithsonian Folklife Fes
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents The Festival: Doi
Page 9: The Festival: Doing the Public Good
Page 12 and 13: — a singular, global, mass coniii
Page 14 and 15: The 2003 Smithsonian Folklife Festi
Page 16 and 17: — Appalachia Heritage and Harmony
Page 18 and 19: Virginia, is one of the best known.
Page 20 and 21: A mural by Tim White, in Bristol, T
Page 22 and 23: string bands of note were Charlie P
Page 24 and 25: Carolina, who learned many of her s
Page 26 and 27: — 1 riate •KM ''&L'X^'Ttyi«iFi
Page 28 and 29: - 26 Appalachia, Where Tradition an
Page 30 and 31: 28 and Latin America. They are addi
Page 32 and 33: Native American Traditions in Appal
Page 34 and 35: 32 OF APPALACHIA of cultural histor
Page 36 and 37: ^, — 34 or "Dive for the Oyster."
Page 38 and 39: 36 Pnolo by Jirri Higgins Library o
Page 40 and 41: . 2000. . ^^FORMATION Blue Ridge Mu
Page 44 and 45: universities in the United States,
Page 46 and 47: A woman [ in Timbuktu. Knotograpn b
Page 48 and 49: — From Golden Age Empires to Inde
Page 50 and 51: The French had hardly been welcomed
Page 52 and 53: \ constitution brought about the Th
Page 54 and 55: Burkina Faso. It is played on diffe
Page 56 and 57: Malian crafts are a legacy from the
Page 58 and 59: the garment, and ornamentation 56 s
Page 60 and 61: 4 *^ '*
Page 62 and 63: ack into the Sahara and Sahehan zon
Page 64 and 65: increasing popularity of television
Page 66 and 67: — Certain dishes are linked to pa
Page 68 and 69: ft J ncK DjeDje, Jacquehne Cogdell,
Page 70 and 71: I Scotland at the Smithsonian is pr
Page 72 and 73: — John o'Groals OUTER HEBRIDES {W
Page 75 and 76: Scottish History: The Culture and t
Page 77 and 78: Much of contemporary Scottish tradi
Page 79 and 80: — 1 Traditional Song and Music in
Page 81 and 82: . . throughout occasional dance in
Page 83 and 84: j^ ,. V ẏ 7 Traditional Scottish
Page 85 and 86: — Panto in Scotland JOYCE MCMILLA
Page 87 and 88: — 85 The prehistoric Callanish St
Page 89 and 90: The makars ar also pairt o a proces
Page 91 and 92: have a direct connection with worki
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(Outer Hebrides) can still visit sn
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Moore, Maggie. Scottish Step Dancin
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General Festival Information FESTIV
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^^1:30 S^ 3:00 Talking Tree 12;00 Y
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Scotland at Smithsonian the 3:00 Sc
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Scotland at Smithsonian Feis Stage
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Kora players perrorm at 6 p.m. at t
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Malian Foodways
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Scotland at Smithsonian the Feis St
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Dogon dancers at 12:30 p.m. at ttie
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Scotland at the Smithsonian Feis St
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2:45 Growing Up m Mali 113 3:30 Bab
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Scotland at the Smithsonian Feis St
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[ ] ) \ I I i ; i 117 NATIONAL MUSE
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— Saturday, July 5 Beautiful Beyo
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Festival Participants Laura Boosing
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The New Southern Ramblers (with Ral
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N'Goussonn, Koulikoro Salif Keita,
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Pottery Shoemakiiig TRADITIONAL MED
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Fiti Moore, Diitikeld DANCE POETRY/
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Tapestry Weaving Dovecot Tapestry W
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Special Tixanks Sam Adams. Tiie Mou
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staff SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Lawre
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Tourism Task Force Special thanks t
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• III SMITHSONIAN FOLKWAYS RECORD
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Smithso >lklife Festiv,
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