English version - Convention on Biological Diversity

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vegetation is dominated by Juniperus procera, which in many locations forms almost pure stands with some Acacia abyssinica. At the periphery of the upper escarpment, the juniper forest is highly disturbed and degraded due to human encroachment from the adjacent villages. At lower altitude, the juniper forest is replaced by a mixed forest dominated by Juniperus procera and Olea africana. Going further down, the Olea africana becomes more and more dominant associated with Acokanthera schimperi, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Combretum molle etc. Syzygium guineense and Mimusops kummel are mainly found in the valley bottoms. At approximately 1100-1200m, a different set of species take over. These include: Terminalia brownii, Vangueria madagascariensis, Boscia angustifolia, Entada abyssinica and Diospyros mespiliformis. The under story includes species such as Jasmium sp. Rosa abyssinica, Asparagus africanus and a range of shrubs and climbers. Table 2: Number of the major wild woody plant species found in the dense and disturbed forest of Semenawi and Debubawi Bahri Family Number of Species Family Number of Species Anacardiaceae 5 Moraceae 2 Apocynaceae 2 Myricaceae 1 Asclepiadacea 1 Myrsinaceae 1 Balanitaceae 1 Myrtaceae 1 Barbeyaceae 1 Olacaceae 1 Bignoniaceae 2 Oleaceae 1 Bombacaceae 1 Palmae 1 Boraginaceae 4 Papilionoideae 4 Burseraceae 1 Phytolaccaceae 1 Caesalpinioideae 3 Polygalaceae 1 Capparidaceae 5 Rhamnaceae 5 Celastraceae 2 Rubiaceae 2 Combretaceae 5 Rutaceae 1 Compositae 1 Salvadoraceae 2 Cupressaceae 1 Santalaceae 1 Ebenaceae 3 Sapindaceae 2 Euphorbiaceae 3 Sapotaceae 2 Flacourtiaceae 2 Sterculiaceae 3 Loganiaceae 2 Tiliaceae 5 Meliaceae 1 Ulmaceae 1 Melianthaceae 1 Umbelliferae 2 Mimosoideae 10 Verbenaceae 1 TOTAL 44 98 Source: Modified Bein et al, 1996; MoA, 2000; Bein et al, 2006 Based on the study and observations (Zinner et al, 2000; Hagos Yohannes, 2006 personal observation), there are approximately 20 major mammalian species of 9 different families in the Green Belt areas (Table-3). Among others, the mammalian species include: Papio hamadryas, Cercopithecus aethiops, Felis pardus, Potamochoerus percus, Phacochoerus aethiopicus, Tragelaphus scriptus, Tragelaphus strepsiceros, Sylvicapra grimmia, Oreotragus oreotragus and Madoqua saltiana. Except Papio hamadryas (hamadrias 6
aboon), all the rest mammals are considered as highly endangered and thus require due conservation and follow up. Table 3: Mammalian species found in the dense and disturbed forest of Semienawi and Debubawi Bahri Family Species Scientific Name Common Name Cercopithecidae Papio hamadryas Hamadryas Baboon Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus aethiops Grivet Monkey Canidae Canis aureus Common Jackal Canidae Canis mesomelas Black-backed Jackal Herpestidae Herpestes ichneumon Egyptian Mongoose Hyaenidae Hyaena hyaena Striped Hyena Hyaenidae Crocuta crocuta Spotted Hyena Viverridae Genetta genetta Common Genet Viverridae Genetta abyssinica Ethiopian Genet Felidae Felis serval Serval cat Felidae Felis caracal Caracal Felidae Felis pardus Leopard Procaviidae Procavia capensis Ethiopian Rock Hyrax Suidae Potamochoerus percus Bush Pig Suidae Phacochoerus aethiopicus Warthog Bovidae Tragelaphus scriptus Bushbuck Bovidae Tragelaphus strepsiceros Greater Kudu Bovidae Sylvicapra grimmia Common Duiker Bovidae Oreotragus oreotragus Klipspringer Bovidae Madoqua saltiana Salt Dikdik Zinner et al, 2000; Hagos Yohannes, 2006 personal observation; Bein et al, 2006 The Green Belt is one of the important bird areas (IBA) of Eritrea. Birhane (2006) observed 66 species of birds in Mirara area out of which 56 residents, 6 palaearctic migrants, and 4 inner Africa migrants (Table-4). The palaearctic migrants include Upupa epops, Falco tinnunculus, Motacilla flava, Lanius collaris, Lanius nubicus, while the inner African migrants include Coracias abyssynica and Cinnyricinclus leucogaster. Table 4: Types of birds and their corresponding number of species found in the dense and disturbed forest of the Semienawi and Debubawi Bahri Type Number of Species Type Number of Species Herons 1 Wagtail 2 Raptors 7 Bulbuls 1 Francolins 1 Thrushes 2 Quails 2 Camaroptera 1 Dove pigeon 5 Timalies 1 Parrots 3 White eyes 1 Owls 1 Sun bird 2 Swifts 2 Shrikes 6 7
Page 1 and 2: The State of Eritrea Ministry of La
Page 3 and 4: 3.5 CONTRIBUTION OF MAINSTREAMING I
Page 5 and 6: IRC Impact Review Committee IWRM In
Page 7 and 8: clearing for agricultural purposes,
Page 9 and 10: of food, income and employment has
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER I. OVERVIEW OF BIODIVERSITY
Page 13 and 14: Figure:- 1. Agro ecological zones o
Page 15: finger millet, 3 for sesame and 2 f
Page 19 and 20: environment as a whole. Irrigated a
Page 21 and 22: Threats of the Forest Ecosystem The
Page 23 and 24: Elephantidae Loxodonta Africana Afr
Page 25 and 26: Table 7: Number of the major woody
Page 27 and 28: Acanthaceae 1 Malvaceae 2 Aizoaceae
Page 29 and 30: 1.3.2.1 Aquatic Ecosystem: The Red
Page 31 and 32: Gurgussum, Dehil, Baradu, Tio, Sahi
Page 33 and 34: Figure 6: Coastal communities heavi
Page 35 and 36: • Bryde’s whale or Tropical wha
Page 37 and 38: • Additional disturbance especial
Page 39 and 40: Figure-10: Sandy shores and mud-fla
Page 41 and 42: 5 for taff, 3 for pearl millet, 3 f
Page 43 and 44: Trend showing annaully planted area
Page 45 and 46: identified to be grown in Eritrea.
Page 47 and 48: overgrazing during dry season and u
Page 49 and 50: picture of great complexity, compri
Page 51 and 52: there are four indigenous breeds of
Page 53 and 54: Livestock contribute also to the na
Page 55 and 56: CHAPTER II CURRENT STATUS OF NATION
Page 57 and 58: Information acquisition and storage
Page 59 and 60: the CBD to explore the ways in whic
Page 61 and 62: The implementation of the managemen
Page 63 and 64: • Plant quarantine proclamation N
Page 65 and 66: 5) Identification, survey and board
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Contribute to Article 7 of CBD by s
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(capacity building) Strategy 10.1 I
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2.2.2 Marine Biodiversity Objective
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Strategy 4.1 Identify, monitor and
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(8) Information acquisition and sto
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5) Develop a suitable mechanism for
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2.2.3 Agricultural Biodiversity Obj
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Strategy 3.1 Improve knowledge and
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3) Develop and adopt complementary
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2) Study biodiversity system of cro
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CHAPTER III SECTORAL AND CROSS-SECT
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conducted at all levels to sensitiz
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• Potable Water Regulations in Fi
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investors are engaged in exploring
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compromising the sustainability of
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production systems; and 5) Moderniz
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• Application of land tenure syst
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To integrate environmental issues i
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which is believed to be declining i
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upon biodiversity, reduced. Target
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this alien invasive species. Plant
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In Eritrea the NWFP still continue
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Eritrea is from the recipient end o
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Goal 2: Parties have improved finan
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4.2 Every Party to the Cartagena Pr
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situ conservation, research and tra
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B. Process of preparation of nation
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Appendix II - Further Sources of In
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SOS Sahel International -----. Asse
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English version - Convention on Biological Diversity

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