English version - Convention on Biological Diversity

T a b l e o f C o n t e n t
ACRONYMS.................................................................................................................................................IV
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................................................................................VI
CHAPTER I. OVERVIEW OF BIODIVERSITY STATUS, TREND AND THREATS ......................... 1
1.1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.2 Geographical Location and Climate......................................................................................... 2
1.2 OVERVIEW OF ERITREA’S BIODIVERSITY........................................................................................ 3
1.3 BIODIVERSITY STATUS, TRENDS AND THREAT UNDER DIFFERENT BIOME/ECOSYSTEMS................ 5
1.3.1 Terrestrial Biodiversity............................................................................................................. 5
1.3.1.1 Forest Ecosystem ............................................................................................................................5
1.3.1.2 Woodland Ecosystem ...................................................................................................................11
1.3.1.3 Bush Land/Grassland Ecosystem..................................................................................................14
1.3.1.4 Barren Land/ Semi desert Ecosystem ...........................................................................................16
1.3.2 Marine Biodiversity................................................................................................................. 17
1.3.2.1 Aquatic Ecosystem: ......................................................................................................................19
1.3.2.2 Mainland and Islands Shoreline Ecosystem..................................................................................28
1.3.3 Agricultural Biodiversity......................................................................................................... 29
1.3.3.1 Diversity of Individual Crop Species............................................................................................30
1.3.3.2 Wild Food Products ......................................................................................................................35
1.3.3.3 Rangeland Resources....................................................................................................................36
1.3.3.4 Livestock Diversity.......................................................................................................................39
1.3.3.5 Threats of Agricultural Biodiversity and its Underlying Causes...................................................43
CHAPTER II CURRENT STATUS OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION
PLAN ............................................................................................................................................................. 45
2.1 OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN ..................................... 45
2.2. REVIEW THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN ..... 48
2.2.1 Terrestrial Biodiversity........................................................................................................... 48
2.2.2 Marine Biodiversity................................................................................................................. 61
2.2.3 Agricultural Biodiversity......................................................................................................... 69
CHAPTER III SECTORAL AND CROSS-SECTORAL INTEGRATION OR MAINSTREAMING
OF BIODIVERSITY CONSIDERATION ................................................................................................. 77
3.1 INTEGRATION INTO SECTORAL POLICIES, STRATEGIES AND PROGRAMS ............................................... 77
3.1.1 Agriculture Sector................................................................................................................... 77
3.1.2 Marine and Coastal Sector ..................................................................................................... 80
3.1.3 Transport Sector ..................................................................................................................... 82
3.1.4 Mines Sector............................................................................................................................ 82
3.1.5 Tourism Sector........................................................................................................................ 83
3.1.6 Water Sector............................................................................................................................ 84
3.1.7 Education Sector..................................................................................................................... 85
3.2 INTEGRATION INTO NATIONAL POLICIES, STRATEGIES AND ACTION PLANS......................................... 86
3.2.1 Macro policy ........................................................................................................................... 86
3.2.2 Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper.......................................................................................... 86
3.2.3 National Environmental Management Plan............................................................................ 87
3.2.4 Land Tenure Proclamation (1994).......................................................................................... 87
3.2.5 Draft land use policy............................................................................................................... 87
3.3 SYNERGY BETWEEN THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONVENTIONS (UNCCD, UNCBD, UNFCCC) ....... 88
3.3.1 Preparation of National Action program (NAP)..................................................................... 88
3.3.2 National Capacity Needs Self Assessment .............................................................................. 89
3.3.3 National Biosafety Framework ............................................................................................... 89
3.4 EXTENT OF BIODIVERSITY CONSIDERATIONS IN EIA OF DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS AND OTHERS 90
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