English version - Convention on Biological Diversity

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ago and Eritrea is now part of a secondary centre of diversity. The Plant Gene Bank of NARI holds around 71, 260 and 40 local landrace accessions for each of these species respectively (NARI, 2009). Among the pulses, the distribution of crop species is more even, with an average of the total crop being 35% chickpea, 22% field pea, 21 % of faba bean, and 22% others. Zoba Debub and Zoba Maekel are the two major pulse producing regions in the country. Recent data shows that area covered by pulses is steadily decreaing since 2003. This declining trend is more significant in Maekel region. The cultivated area of chick pea, the major legume food crop sown by the farmers, is decreasing in certain areas due to heavy root rot attack problem. In some occasions and some villages of Zoba Debub region farmers were depending on chickpea seed from market and/or from Ministry of Agriculture. Annually utilized land by category of crops (1992-2009) 600000 500000 Area in Ha. 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 Cereal Pulses Oil seed 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Year Figure-13: Fruits and Vegetables The amount of information available on the diversity of fruits and vegetable crop species is very limited. Vegetable crop species so far identified to be grown in Eritrea are: potato (Solanum tuberasun), onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum), pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), melon (Cucumis melo), hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens), mustard (Brassica carinata), eggplant (Solanum melongena), cabbage (Brassica oleracea), beetroot (Beta vulgaris), melokia (Corchorus trilocularis), jirijir and Swiss chard. Among fruits: banana ( Musa spp); orange (Citrus sinensis); lemon (Citrus limon), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), mandarin (Citrus reticulata), apple (Malus pumila), mango (Mangifera indica), papaya (Carica papaya), guava (Psidium guajava), date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera), grape vine (Vitis vinifera), and coffee (Coffea Arabica) are 34
identified to be grown in Eritrea. Presently the vegetable and fruit coveage is about 17,519 ha. 1.3.3.2 Wild Food Products Eritrean farmers have also managed in traditional way a variety of wild species and habitats which benefit the sustainability of both agricultural and natural ecosystems. In many parts of Eritrea, the collection of wild-growing natural products is an important part of the overall household economy. For example, beles, the fruit of the introduced cactus, Opuntia ficus-indica provides food and income for a considerable number of people in the highlands every summer. Ogbazghi & Bein (2006) provided a list of 110 tree species, parts of which have been used as food by local inhabitants and by animals in Zoba Gash Barka. Of these 110 species, 30 produce edible fruits and 7 of them also used as sources of vegetable for rural community of Gash Barka Region. The most important sources of wild-food trees grown naturally are listed in Table-13. Table 13 - Important wild food tree species in Eritrea Scientific Name Adansonia digitata Cordia Africana Ficus vasta Sclerocarya birrea Balanites aegyptiaca Cordia monoica Grewia ferruginea Syzygium guineense Boscia angustifolia Diospiros mespiliformis Grewia flavescens Tamarindus indica Boscia senegalensi Dobera glabra Grewia tenax Teclea nobilis Capparis deciduas Euclea schimperi Grewia villosa Ximenia Americana Capparis tomentosa Ficus carica Hyphaene thebaica Ziziphus spina Christi Carissa edulis Ficus glumosa Mimusops kummel Combretum aculeatum Ficus sp. Opuntia ficus-indica Source- Ogbazghi & Bein (2006) - Assessment of Non-Wood Forest Products and their Role in the Livelihoods of Rural Communities in the Gash-Barka Region, Eritrea Reason for Decline of Wild Plant Species and their Habitat: As part of the natural vegetation cover of the country the wild species and their habitat are declining in diversity, distribution and abundance. In most cases of wild fruit and seed collection, there is little or no "management" of the wild species specifically to enhance production. Therefore they are under serious threat. There are several reasons contributing to the decline of the wild species and their products. These are: Drought, shortage of community forest guards, lack of proper land use system, communal use of forest resources and lack of ownership, lack of awareness of the local community, lack of forest law and conservation norms, land clearing for agriculture and resettlement, excessive cutting of trees and shrubs for firewood for local consumption and sale of wood in urban settlements. Ex-situ Conservation:- There is no complete inventory of the local landraces for all crops. Currently, the ex-situ conservation of Plant Genetic Resources is undertaken at the MOA Plant Genetic Research 35
Page 1 and 2: The State of Eritrea Ministry of La
Page 3 and 4: 3.5 CONTRIBUTION OF MAINSTREAMING I
Page 5 and 6: IRC Impact Review Committee IWRM In
Page 7 and 8: clearing for agricultural purposes,
Page 9 and 10: of food, income and employment has
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER I. OVERVIEW OF BIODIVERSITY
Page 13 and 14: Figure:- 1. Agro ecological zones o
Page 15 and 16: finger millet, 3 for sesame and 2 f
Page 17 and 18: aboon), all the rest mammals are co
Page 19 and 20: environment as a whole. Irrigated a
Page 21 and 22: Threats of the Forest Ecosystem The
Page 23 and 24: Elephantidae Loxodonta Africana Afr
Page 25 and 26: Table 7: Number of the major woody
Page 27 and 28: Acanthaceae 1 Malvaceae 2 Aizoaceae
Page 29 and 30: 1.3.2.1 Aquatic Ecosystem: The Red
Page 31 and 32: Gurgussum, Dehil, Baradu, Tio, Sahi
Page 33 and 34: Figure 6: Coastal communities heavi
Page 35 and 36: • Bryde’s whale or Tropical wha
Page 37 and 38: • Additional disturbance especial
Page 39 and 40: Figure-10: Sandy shores and mud-fla
Page 41 and 42: 5 for taff, 3 for pearl millet, 3 f
Page 43: Trend showing annaully planted area
Page 47 and 48: overgrazing during dry season and u
Page 49 and 50: picture of great complexity, compri
Page 51 and 52: there are four indigenous breeds of
Page 53 and 54: Livestock contribute also to the na
Page 55 and 56: CHAPTER II CURRENT STATUS OF NATION
Page 57 and 58: Information acquisition and storage
Page 59 and 60: the CBD to explore the ways in whic
Page 61 and 62: The implementation of the managemen
Page 63 and 64: • Plant quarantine proclamation N
Page 65 and 66: 5) Identification, survey and board
Page 67 and 68: Contribute to Article 7 of CBD by s
Page 69 and 70: (capacity building) Strategy 10.1 I
Page 71 and 72: 2.2.2 Marine Biodiversity Objective
Page 73 and 74: Strategy 4.1 Identify, monitor and
Page 75 and 76: (8) Information acquisition and sto
Page 77 and 78: 5) Develop a suitable mechanism for
Page 79 and 80: 2.2.3 Agricultural Biodiversity Obj
Page 81 and 82: Strategy 3.1 Improve knowledge and
Page 83 and 84: 3) Develop and adopt complementary
Page 85 and 86: 2) Study biodiversity system of cro
Page 87 and 88: CHAPTER III SECTORAL AND CROSS-SECT
Page 89 and 90: conducted at all levels to sensitiz
Page 91 and 92: • Potable Water Regulations in Fi
Page 93 and 94: investors are engaged in exploring
Page 95 and 96:
compromising the sustainability of
Page 97 and 98:
production systems; and 5) Moderniz
Page 99 and 100:
• Application of land tenure syst
Page 101 and 102:
To integrate environmental issues i
Page 103 and 104:
which is believed to be declining i
Page 105 and 106:
upon biodiversity, reduced. Target
Page 107 and 108:
this alien invasive species. Plant
Page 109 and 110:
In Eritrea the NWFP still continue
Page 111 and 112:
Eritrea is from the recipient end o
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Goal 2: Parties have improved finan
Page 115 and 116:
4.2 Every Party to the Cartagena Pr
Page 117 and 118:
situ conservation, research and tra
Page 120 and 121:
B. Process of preparation of nation
Page 122 and 123:
Appendix II - Further Sources of In
Page 124:
SOS Sahel International -----. Asse
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English version - Convention on Biological Diversity

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