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1. Certain communities are so closely bound to the forest that there it is highly likely<br />

that the forests are critical to their traditional cultural identity. These would<br />

include:<br />

2. Isolated (non-contact) groups<br />

3. Indigenous groups<br />

4. Communities governed primarily by traditional laws (masyarakat adat, who are<br />

usually considered as the Indonesian equivalent of Indigenous People)<br />

5. Communities that are forest-dependant for their livelihoods<br />

In Indonesia, there are many communities whose cultural identity is closely linked to the<br />

forest, especially through religious beliefs, rituals or through the implementation of adat<br />

laws.<br />

Instructions for Forest Managers<br />

Task<br />

Identify local community groups that<br />

are:<br />

• Isolated (groups living in areas<br />

with limited and difficult road<br />

and telecommunication<br />

access; groups that have<br />

almost no contact with outside<br />

groups)<br />

• Self-governing (with an active<br />

system of community laws)<br />

• forest-dependant for their<br />

livelihoods<br />

Guidance<br />

Communities that are isolated, self-governing,<br />

or forest dependent are found throughout the<br />

forested regions of Indonesia.<br />

Sources of information/data<br />

Information should be obtained through<br />

consultations with local communities, especially<br />

with tokoh adat. Additional information may be<br />

available from:<br />

• Indigenous peoples’ organisations<br />

(AMAN-Nusantara Indigenous<br />

Community Allaince)<br />

• Local government agencies (Data Pusat<br />

Statistik)<br />

• National and Rengional NGOs and<br />

Universities<br />

Identify communities that have<br />

traditional cultural identities related to<br />

forests.<br />

Information should be available from local<br />

communities, local government, NGOs and<br />

universities.<br />

A preliminary list of community groups known<br />

to have traditional cultural identifies related to<br />

forests are listed below:<br />

• Papua – Asmat, Dani<br />

• Kalimantan – Basap Batu, Punan,<br />

Penan, Iban, Modang, Kayan, Bahau,<br />

Ngaiu, Ot Danum, Maanyan, Lawangan,<br />

Kantu, Seberuang, Bugau, Mualang,<br />

Taman, Desa, Kayan, Kenyah<br />

• Sulawesi – Wana, Kamba, Mori<br />

• Sumatera – Anak dalam, Mentawai,<br />

Orang Rimba

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