Internet Security - Dang Thanh Binh's Page

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Thus, the final decrypted plaintext is: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 107 35241302 79685746 bdac9b8a f1e0dfce. 3.5 AES (Rijndael) Algorithm The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) specified the Rijndael algorithm which is a FIFS-approved cryptographic algorithm developed by Daemen and Rijmen as an AES candidate algorithm in 1999. The Rijndael algorithm is a symmetric block cipher that can process data blocks of 128 bits using cryptographic keys of 128, 192 and 256 bits. In this section, we will cover the algorithm specification such as the key expansion routine, encryption by cipher and decryption by inverse cipher. 3.5.1 Notational Conventions • The cipher key for the Rijndael algorithm is a sequence of 128, 196 or 256 bits such that the index attached to a bit falls in between the range 0 ≤ i ≤ 128, 0 ≤ i ≤ 192 or 0 ≤ i ≤ 256, respectively. • All byte values of the AES Rijndael algorithm are presented by a vector notation (b7,b6,b5,b4,b3,b2,b1,b0) which corresponds to a polynomial representation as: b7x 7 + b6x 6 + b5x 5 + b4x 4 + b3x 3 + b2x 2 + b1x + b0 = For example, (01001011) → x 6 + x 3 + x + 1. 7� bix i=0 i • If there is an additional bit b8 to the left of an eight-bit byte, it will appear immediately to the left of the left bracket such as 1(00101110) = 1(2e). • Arrays of bytes, a0,a1,a2,...,a15 are defined from the 128-bit input sequence, ip0, ip1, ip2, ..., ip126, ip127, as follows: a0 = (ip0,ip1,...,ip7) a1 = (ip8,ip9,...,ip15) . a15 = (ip120,ip121,...,ip127) where ipk denotes inputk for k = 0, 1, 2,...,127. In general, the pattern extended to longer sequence like 192- and 256-bit keys is expressed as: an = (ip8n,ip8n+1,...,ip8n+7), n ≤ 16.
108 INTERNET SECURITY • The AES algorithm’s operations are internally performed on a two-dimensional array of bytes called the state. The state consists of four rows of bytes. The state array Sr,c has a row number r, 0 ≤ r
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TEAMFLY
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Internet Security
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Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons
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vi CONTENTS 2.3 World Wide Web 47 2
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viii CONTENTS 5.6 The Elliptic Curv
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x CONTENTS 10.2.5 De-militarised Zo
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Preface The Internet is global in s
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PREFACE xv Policy Approval Authorit
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PREFACE xvii classified into three
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1 Internetworking and Layered Model
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INTERNETWORKING AND LAYERED MODELS
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Layer No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 OSI Layer A
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2 TCP/IP Suite and Internet Stack P
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TCP/IP SUITE AND INTERNET STACK PRO
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Class A Class B Class C Class D Cla
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H Host H TCP/IP SUITE AND INTERNET
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Bits IP header TCP/IP SUITE AND INT
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Page 78 and 79: 3 Symmetric Block Ciphers This chap
Page 80 and 81: S-boxes L i−1 S 1 L i SYMMETRIC B
Page 82 and 83: K 1 48 bits K 2 48 bits K 16 48 bit
Page 84 and 85: Table 3.4 Initial permutation (IP)
Page 86 and 87: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 65 Table 3.
Page 88 and 89: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 67 This 48-
Page 90 and 91: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 69 The 48-b
Page 92 and 93: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 71 Thus, th
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Page 96 and 97: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 75 Example
Page 98 and 99: 64-bit plaintext X 1 X 2 X 3 X 4 Ro
Page 102 and 103: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 81 The outp
Page 104 and 105: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 83 the corr
Page 108 and 109: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 87 of S and
Page 110 and 111: Step 3 i = j = 0; A = B = 0; SYMMET
Page 112 and 113: 3.3.3 Encryption SYMMETRIC BLOCK CI
Page 114 and 115: A SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 93 A B
Page 116 and 117: 3.4 RC6 Algorithm SYMMETRIC BLOCK C
Page 118 and 119: Mixing in the secret key S A = B =
Page 120 and 121: Magic constants: Pw = b7e15163 Qw =
Page 122 and 123: A = ((A − S[2i]) >>> u) ⊕ t } D
Page 124 and 125: Converting the secret key from byte
Page 126 and 127: The final decrypted plaintext is: b
Page 130 and 131: Multiplication SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPH
Page 132 and 133: where c0 = a0b0 c1 = a1b0 ⊕ a0b1
Page 134 and 135: Rcon[2] = [x 1 , {00}, {00}, {00}]
Page 136 and 137: Table 3.16 AES key expansion i Temp
Page 138 and 139: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 117 ShiftRo
Page 140 and 141: Start of round After SubByte SYMMET
Page 142 and 143: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 121 Figure
Page 144 and 145: 4 Hash Function, Message Digest and
Page 146 and 147: M = 64 bits C 0 = 28 bits D 0 = 28
Page 148 and 149: HASH FUNCTION, MESSAGE DIGEST AND H
Page 150 and 151: ⊕ : Bit-by-bit XORing of 16-bit s
Page 152 and 153: P(Ω 1 )
Page 156 and 157: K r : Concatenation IP : Initial pe
Page 162 and 163: a b c d HASH FUNCTION, MESSAGE DIGE
Page 174 and 175: H2 = 98badcfe H3 = 10325476 H4 = c3
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opad 160 bits (SHA-1) 128 bits (MD5
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HASH FUNCTION, MESSAGE DIGEST AND H
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5 Asymmetric Public-key Cryptosyste
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User A Generate secret random integ
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ASYMMETRIC PUBLIC-KEY CRYPTOSYSTEMS
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Message m −1 E p q ASYMMETRIC PUB
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Message m −1 User A A′ private
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To decipher the message m, first co
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a q ≡ 1(modp) a ASYMMETRIC PUBLIC
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Receiver: (verifying) Compute: w
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� y2 − y1 x3 = ASYMMETRIC PUBLI
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The square of the integers in Z ∗
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and y3 = x2 1 + � x1 + y1 = α 12
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6 Public-key Infrastructure This ch
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 203 LDAP
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Session key DES Plaintext m One-way
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 207 Let u
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 209 sent
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Publication of PAA’s public key G
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 213 • P
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Carry out identification and authen
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 217 With
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 219 The s
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6.4.4 X.500 Distinguished Naming PU
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 223 certi
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 225 • I
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Certificate fields v1 = v2 = v3 (fo
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 229 CRL s
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Subject directory attributes extens
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 233 the s
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 235 • S
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 237 not h
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6.7.1 Basic Path Validation PUBLIC-
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 241 It is
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244 INTERNET SECURITY The set of se
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246 INTERNET SECURITY • Key manag
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248 INTERNET SECURITY 7.1.3 Hashed
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250 INTERNET SECURITY A B C D IV 67
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252 INTERNET SECURITY Next header (
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254 INTERNET SECURITY IPv4 IPv4 IPv
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256 INTERNET SECURITY within a 32-b
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258 INTERNET SECURITY addresses, wh
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260 INTERNET SECURITY If authentica
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262 INTERNET SECURITY 1 bit Next pa
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264 INTERNET SECURITY The Situation
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266 INTERNET SECURITY The Identific
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268 INTERNET SECURITY The Hash Data
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270 INTERNET SECURITY The Domain of
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272 INTERNET SECURITY to the exchan
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274 INTERNET SECURITY When a Key Ex
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276 INTERNET SECURITY When a Notifi
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278 INTERNET SECURITY SSL Handshake
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280 INTERNET SECURITY SSL record he
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282 INTERNET SECURITY SSLCompressed
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284 INTERNET SECURITY • bad-certi
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286 INTERNET SECURITY - Random: Thi
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288 INTERNET SECURITY Note that Dis
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290 INTERNET SECURITY The finished
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292 INTERNET SECURITY key_block = M
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294 INTERNET SECURITY opad 160 bits
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296 INTERNET SECURITY - A B C D IV
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298 INTERNET SECURITY The PRF is th
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300 INTERNET SECURITY HMAC SHA1(S2,
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302 INTERNET SECURITY 8.3.4 Certifi
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9 Electronic Mail Security: PGP, S/
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ELECTRONIC MAIL SECURITY: PGP, S/MI
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Message packet M T FN H(M) ELECTRON
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Definition of multipart/encrypted:
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From: myrhee@tsp.snu.ac.kr To: kiis
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SignatureAlgorithmIdentifier ELECTR
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340 INTERNET SECURITY conform to a
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342 INTERNET SECURITY existing on a
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344 INTERNET SECURITY 10.2.7 VPN So
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346 INTERNET SECURITY Table 10.1 Te
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348 INTERNET SECURITY Table 10.3 SM
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350 INTERNET SECURITY Outside host
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352 INTERNET SECURITY Internet Pack
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11 SET for E-commerce Transactions
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11.2 SET System Participants SET FO
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SET FOR E-COMMERCE TRANSACTIONS 359
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Example 11.2 Message Integrity Chec
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User A 0x135af247c613e815 Message d
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E KSC (CAC) + E KSC (MD) D CAC MD V
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H MD D CRs K pg M’s cert E K#5 (C
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380 INTERNET SECURITY DS Dual Signa
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382 INTERNET SECURITY SA Security A
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384 INTERNET SECURITY 17. Borman, D
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386 INTERNET SECURITY 60. Harkins,
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388 INTERNET SECURITY 106. Metzger,
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390 INTERNET SECURITY 163. Wijnen,
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392 INDEX Authentication Header 243
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394 INDEX delete payload 269, 275,
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396 INDEX HTML tag 49 ending tag 49
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398 INDEX Java 48, 49 Joint Photogr
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400 INDEX packet filter 339, 341, 3
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402 INDEX secure payment processing
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404 INDEX transform # field 264, 27
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