Internet Security - Dang Thanh Binh's Page

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TCP/IP SUITE AND INTERNET STACK PROTOCOLS 35 IPv6 address: flea:1075:fffb:110e:0000:0000:7c2d:a65f Abbreviated address: f1ea:1075:fffb:110e::7c2d:a65f Binary address: 1111000111101010 ... 1010011001011111 Many of the digits in IPv6 addresses are zeros. In this case, the abbreviated address can be obtained by omitting the leading zeros of a section (four hex digits between two colons), but not the trailing zeros. Example 2.5 Assume that the IPv6 address is given as fedc:ab98:0052:4310:000f:bccf:0000:ff1f (unabbreviated) Using the abbreviated form, 0052 can be written as 52, 000f as f, and 0000 as 0. But the trailing zeros cannot be dropped, so that 4310 would not be abbreviated. Thus, the given IP address becomes fedc:ab98:52:4310:f:bccf:0:ff1f (abbreviated). Example 2.6 Consider an abbreviated address with consecutive zeros. When consecutive sections are composed of zeros, further abbreviations are possible. We can remove the zeros altogether and replace them with a double semicolon. fedc:0:0:0:0:abf8:0:f75f (abbreviated) fedc::abf8:0:f75f (more abbreviated) IPv6 Address Types IPv6 has identified three types of addresses: • Unicast: To associate with a specific physical interface to a network. Packets sent to a unicast address are delivered to the interface uniquely specified by the address. • Anycast: To associate with a set of physical interfaces, generally on different modes. Packets sent to an anycast address will be delivered to at least one interface specified by the address. • Multicast: To associate with a set of physical interfaces, generally on multiple hosts (nodes). Packets sent to a multicast address will be delivered to all the interfaces to which the address refers. Figure 2.7 illustrates three address types. IPv6 addresses divide the address space into two parts with the type prefix for each type of address, rest of address, and the fraction of each type of address relative to the whole address space. Table 2.5 illustrates the address space assignment for type prefixes.
36 INTERNET SECURITY Unicast Anycast Multicast 2.1.5.2 IPv6 Packet Format IP packet or or and and Figure 2.7 IPv6 address types. Host 1 Host 2 Host 3 Host 1 Host 2 Host 3 Host 4 Host 5 Host 1 Host 2 Host 3 Host 4 Host 5 The IPv6 protocol consists of two parts: the basic elements of the IPv6 header and IPv6 extension headers. The IPv6 datagram is composed of a base header (40 bytes) followed by the payload. The payload consists of two parts: optional extension headers and data from the upper layer. The extension headers and data packet from the upper layer usually
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TEAMFLY
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Internet Security
Page 7 and 8: Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons
Page 9 and 10: vi CONTENTS 2.3 World Wide Web 47 2
Page 11 and 12: viii CONTENTS 5.6 The Elliptic Curv
Page 13 and 14: x CONTENTS 10.2.5 De-militarised Zo
Page 16 and 17: Preface The Internet is global in s
Page 18 and 19: PREFACE xv Policy Approval Authorit
Page 20 and 21: PREFACE xvii classified into three
Page 22 and 23: 1 Internetworking and Layered Model
Page 24 and 25: INTERNETWORKING AND LAYERED MODELS
Page 30 and 31: Layer No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 OSI Layer A
Page 36 and 37: 2 TCP/IP Suite and Internet Stack P
Page 38 and 39: TCP/IP SUITE AND INTERNET STACK PRO
Page 46 and 47: Class A Class B Class C Class D Cla
Page 50 and 51: H Host H TCP/IP SUITE AND INTERNET
Page 64 and 65: Bits IP header TCP/IP SUITE AND INT
Page 78 and 79: 3 Symmetric Block Ciphers This chap
Page 80 and 81: S-boxes L i−1 S 1 L i SYMMETRIC B
Page 82 and 83: K 1 48 bits K 2 48 bits K 16 48 bit
Page 84 and 85: Table 3.4 Initial permutation (IP)
Page 86 and 87: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 65 Table 3.
Page 88 and 89: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 67 This 48-
Page 90 and 91: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 69 The 48-b
Page 92 and 93: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 71 Thus, th
Page 94 and 95: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 73 Round K1
Page 96 and 97: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 75 Example
Page 98 and 99: 64-bit plaintext X 1 X 2 X 3 X 4 Ro
Page 100 and 101: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 79 Table 3.
Page 102 and 103: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 81 The outp
Page 104 and 105: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 83 the corr
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 85 Table 3.
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 87 of S and
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Step 3 i = j = 0; A = B = 0; SYMMET
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3.3.3 Encryption SYMMETRIC BLOCK CI
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A SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 93 A B
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3.4 RC6 Algorithm SYMMETRIC BLOCK C
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Mixing in the secret key S A = B =
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Magic constants: Pw = b7e15163 Qw =
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A = ((A − S[2i]) >>> u) ⊕ t } D
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Converting the secret key from byte
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The final decrypted plaintext is: b
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Thus, the final decrypted plaintext
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Multiplication SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPH
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where c0 = a0b0 c1 = a1b0 ⊕ a0b1
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Rcon[2] = [x 1 , {00}, {00}, {00}]
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Table 3.16 AES key expansion i Temp
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 117 ShiftRo
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Start of round After SubByte SYMMET
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 121 Figure
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4 Hash Function, Message Digest and
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M = 64 bits C 0 = 28 bits D 0 = 28
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HASH FUNCTION, MESSAGE DIGEST AND H
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⊕ : Bit-by-bit XORing of 16-bit s
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P(Ω 1 )
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K r : Concatenation IP : Initial pe
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a b c d HASH FUNCTION, MESSAGE DIGE
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H2 = 98badcfe H3 = 10325476 H4 = c3
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opad 160 bits (SHA-1) 128 bits (MD5
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5 Asymmetric Public-key Cryptosyste
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User A Generate secret random integ
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ASYMMETRIC PUBLIC-KEY CRYPTOSYSTEMS
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Message m −1 E p q ASYMMETRIC PUB
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Message m −1 User A A′ private
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To decipher the message m, first co
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a q ≡ 1(modp) a ASYMMETRIC PUBLIC
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Receiver: (verifying) Compute: w
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� y2 − y1 x3 = ASYMMETRIC PUBLI
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The square of the integers in Z ∗
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and y3 = x2 1 + � x1 + y1 = α 12
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6 Public-key Infrastructure This ch
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 203 LDAP
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Session key DES Plaintext m One-way
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 207 Let u
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 209 sent
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Publication of PAA’s public key G
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 213 • P
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Carry out identification and authen
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 217 With
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 219 The s
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6.4.4 X.500 Distinguished Naming PU
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 223 certi
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 225 • I
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Certificate fields v1 = v2 = v3 (fo
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 229 CRL s
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Subject directory attributes extens
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 233 the s
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 235 • S
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 237 not h
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6.7.1 Basic Path Validation PUBLIC-
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 241 It is
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244 INTERNET SECURITY The set of se
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246 INTERNET SECURITY • Key manag
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248 INTERNET SECURITY 7.1.3 Hashed
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250 INTERNET SECURITY A B C D IV 67
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252 INTERNET SECURITY Next header (
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254 INTERNET SECURITY IPv4 IPv4 IPv
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256 INTERNET SECURITY within a 32-b
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258 INTERNET SECURITY addresses, wh
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260 INTERNET SECURITY If authentica
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262 INTERNET SECURITY 1 bit Next pa
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264 INTERNET SECURITY The Situation
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266 INTERNET SECURITY The Identific
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268 INTERNET SECURITY The Hash Data
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270 INTERNET SECURITY The Domain of
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272 INTERNET SECURITY to the exchan
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274 INTERNET SECURITY When a Key Ex
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276 INTERNET SECURITY When a Notifi
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278 INTERNET SECURITY SSL Handshake
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280 INTERNET SECURITY SSL record he
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282 INTERNET SECURITY SSLCompressed
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284 INTERNET SECURITY • bad-certi
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286 INTERNET SECURITY - Random: Thi
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288 INTERNET SECURITY Note that Dis
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290 INTERNET SECURITY The finished
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292 INTERNET SECURITY key_block = M
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294 INTERNET SECURITY opad 160 bits
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296 INTERNET SECURITY - A B C D IV
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298 INTERNET SECURITY The PRF is th
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300 INTERNET SECURITY HMAC SHA1(S2,
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302 INTERNET SECURITY 8.3.4 Certifi
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9 Electronic Mail Security: PGP, S/
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ELECTRONIC MAIL SECURITY: PGP, S/MI
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Message packet M T FN H(M) ELECTRON
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Definition of multipart/encrypted:
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From: myrhee@tsp.snu.ac.kr To: kiis
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SignatureAlgorithmIdentifier ELECTR
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340 INTERNET SECURITY conform to a
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342 INTERNET SECURITY existing on a
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344 INTERNET SECURITY 10.2.7 VPN So
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346 INTERNET SECURITY Table 10.1 Te
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348 INTERNET SECURITY Table 10.3 SM
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350 INTERNET SECURITY Outside host
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352 INTERNET SECURITY Internet Pack
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11 SET for E-commerce Transactions
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11.2 SET System Participants SET FO
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SET FOR E-COMMERCE TRANSACTIONS 359
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Example 11.2 Message Integrity Chec
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User A 0x135af247c613e815 Message d
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E KSC (CAC) + E KSC (MD) D CAC MD V
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H MD D CRs K pg M’s cert E K#5 (C
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380 INTERNET SECURITY DS Dual Signa
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382 INTERNET SECURITY SA Security A
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384 INTERNET SECURITY 17. Borman, D
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386 INTERNET SECURITY 60. Harkins,
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388 INTERNET SECURITY 106. Metzger,
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390 INTERNET SECURITY 163. Wijnen,
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392 INDEX Authentication Header 243
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394 INDEX delete payload 269, 275,
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396 INDEX HTML tag 49 ending tag 49
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398 INDEX Java 48, 49 Joint Photogr
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400 INDEX packet filter 339, 341, 3
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402 INDEX secure payment processing
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404 INDEX transform # field 264, 27
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