Internet Security - Dang Thanh Binh's Page

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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 69 The 48-bit round keys from K1 through K16 are computed from the 56-bit key blocks through a series of permutations and left shifts, as shown below: Compressed round keys K1 = 034b8fccfd2e K2 = 6e26890ddd29 K3 = 5b9c0cca7c70 K4 = 48a8dae9cb3c K5 = 34ec2e915e9a K6 = e22d02dd1235 K7 = 68ae35936aec K8 = c5b41a30bb95 K9 = c043eebe209d K10 = b0d331a373c7 K11 = 851b6336a3a3 K12 = a372d5f60d47 K13 = 1d57c04ea3da K14 = 5251f975f549 K15 = 9dc1456a946a K16 = 9f2d1a5ad5fa The 64-bit plaintext X splits into two blocks (L0,R0), according to Table 3.4 (IP), such that L0 = 4713b8f4 R0 = 5cd9b326 The 32-bit R0 is spread out and scrambled in 48 bits, using Table 3.5, such that E(R0) = 2f96f3da690c. The 48-bit input to the S-box, Ɣ1, is computed as: Ɣ1 = E(R0) ⊕ K1 = 2cdd7c169422 The 32-bit output from the S-box is �1 = 28e8293b. Using Table 3.7, P(�1) becomes P(�1) = 1a0b2fc4 XORing P(�1) with L0 yields R1 = P(�1) ⊕ L0 = 5d189730 which is the right-half output after round one. Since L1 = R0, the left-half output L1 after round one is L1 = 5cd9b326. Thefirst round of encryption has been completed. In similar fashion, the 16-round output block (Li,Ri), 2 ≤ i ≤ 16, can be computed as follows:
70 INTERNET SECURITY Table for encryption blocks (Li,Ri), 1 ≤ i ≤ 16 i Li Ri 1 5cd9b326 5d189730 2 5d189730 e0e7a039 3 e0e7a039 61123d5d 4 61123d5d a6f29581 5 a6f29581 c1fe0f05 6 c1fe0f05 8e6f6798 7 8e6f6798 6bc34455 8 6bc34455 ec6d1ab8 9 ec6d1ab8 d0d10423 10 d0d10423 56a0e201 11 56a0e201 b6c73726 12 b6c73726 6ff2ef60 13 6ff2ef60 f04bf1ad 14 f04bf1ad f0d35530 15 f0d35530 07b5cf74 16 07b5cf74 09ef5b69 The preoutput block (R16,L16) is the concatenation of R16 with L16. Using Table 3.8 (IP −1 ), the ciphertext Y, which is the output of the DES, can be computed as: Y = fd9cba5d26331f38 Example 3.5 Consider the decryption process of the ciphertext Y = fd9cba5d26331f38 which was obtained in Example 3.4. Applying Table 3.4 (IP) to the 64-bit ciphertext Y, the two blocks (R16,L16) after swap yields R16 = 07b5cf74, L16 = 09ef5b69 Expansion of R16: E(R16) = 00fdabe5eba8 S-box input: Ɣ16 = E(R16) ⊕ K16 = 9fd0b1bf3e52 S-box output: �16 = 2e09ee9 Permutation of �16: P(�16) = f93c0e59 The left-half output R15 after round sixteen: R15 = P(�16) ⊕ L16 = f0d35530 TEAMFLY Since L15 = R16, the right-half output L15 is L15 = 07b5cf74. Team-Fly ®
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TEAMFLY
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Internet Security
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Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons
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vi CONTENTS 2.3 World Wide Web 47 2
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viii CONTENTS 5.6 The Elliptic Curv
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x CONTENTS 10.2.5 De-militarised Zo
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Preface The Internet is global in s
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PREFACE xv Policy Approval Authorit
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PREFACE xvii classified into three
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1 Internetworking and Layered Model
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INTERNETWORKING AND LAYERED MODELS
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Layer No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 OSI Layer A
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2 TCP/IP Suite and Internet Stack P
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TCP/IP SUITE AND INTERNET STACK PRO
Page 40 and 41: TCP/IP SUITE AND INTERNET STACK PRO
Page 46 and 47: Class A Class B Class C Class D Cla
Page 50 and 51: H Host H TCP/IP SUITE AND INTERNET
Page 64 and 65: Bits IP header TCP/IP SUITE AND INT
Page 78 and 79: 3 Symmetric Block Ciphers This chap
Page 80 and 81: S-boxes L i−1 S 1 L i SYMMETRIC B
Page 82 and 83: K 1 48 bits K 2 48 bits K 16 48 bit
Page 84 and 85: Table 3.4 Initial permutation (IP)
Page 86 and 87: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 65 Table 3.
Page 88 and 89: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 67 This 48-
Page 92 and 93: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 71 Thus, th
Page 94 and 95: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 73 Round K1
Page 96 and 97: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 75 Example
Page 98 and 99: 64-bit plaintext X 1 X 2 X 3 X 4 Ro
Page 102 and 103: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 81 The outp
Page 104 and 105: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 83 the corr
Page 108 and 109: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 87 of S and
Page 110 and 111: Step 3 i = j = 0; A = B = 0; SYMMET
Page 112 and 113: 3.3.3 Encryption SYMMETRIC BLOCK CI
Page 114 and 115: A SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 93 A B
Page 116 and 117: 3.4 RC6 Algorithm SYMMETRIC BLOCK C
Page 118 and 119: Mixing in the secret key S A = B =
Page 120 and 121: Magic constants: Pw = b7e15163 Qw =
Page 122 and 123: A = ((A − S[2i]) >>> u) ⊕ t } D
Page 124 and 125: Converting the secret key from byte
Page 126 and 127: The final decrypted plaintext is: b
Page 128 and 129: Thus, the final decrypted plaintext
Page 130 and 131: Multiplication SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPH
Page 132 and 133: where c0 = a0b0 c1 = a1b0 ⊕ a0b1
Page 134 and 135: Rcon[2] = [x 1 , {00}, {00}, {00}]
Page 136 and 137: Table 3.16 AES key expansion i Temp
Page 138 and 139: SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 117 ShiftRo
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Start of round After SubByte SYMMET
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 121 Figure
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4 Hash Function, Message Digest and
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M = 64 bits C 0 = 28 bits D 0 = 28
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HASH FUNCTION, MESSAGE DIGEST AND H
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⊕ : Bit-by-bit XORing of 16-bit s
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P(Ω 1 )
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K r : Concatenation IP : Initial pe
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a b c d HASH FUNCTION, MESSAGE DIGE
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H2 = 98badcfe H3 = 10325476 H4 = c3
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opad 160 bits (SHA-1) 128 bits (MD5
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5 Asymmetric Public-key Cryptosyste
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User A Generate secret random integ
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ASYMMETRIC PUBLIC-KEY CRYPTOSYSTEMS
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Message m −1 E p q ASYMMETRIC PUB
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Message m −1 User A A′ private
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To decipher the message m, first co
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a q ≡ 1(modp) a ASYMMETRIC PUBLIC
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Receiver: (verifying) Compute: w
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� y2 − y1 x3 = ASYMMETRIC PUBLI
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The square of the integers in Z ∗
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and y3 = x2 1 + � x1 + y1 = α 12
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6 Public-key Infrastructure This ch
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 203 LDAP
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Session key DES Plaintext m One-way
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 207 Let u
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 209 sent
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Publication of PAA’s public key G
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 213 • P
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Carry out identification and authen
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 217 With
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 219 The s
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6.4.4 X.500 Distinguished Naming PU
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 223 certi
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 225 • I
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Certificate fields v1 = v2 = v3 (fo
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 229 CRL s
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Subject directory attributes extens
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 233 the s
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 235 • S
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 237 not h
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6.7.1 Basic Path Validation PUBLIC-
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 241 It is
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244 INTERNET SECURITY The set of se
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246 INTERNET SECURITY • Key manag
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248 INTERNET SECURITY 7.1.3 Hashed
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250 INTERNET SECURITY A B C D IV 67
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252 INTERNET SECURITY Next header (
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254 INTERNET SECURITY IPv4 IPv4 IPv
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256 INTERNET SECURITY within a 32-b
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258 INTERNET SECURITY addresses, wh
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260 INTERNET SECURITY If authentica
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262 INTERNET SECURITY 1 bit Next pa
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264 INTERNET SECURITY The Situation
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266 INTERNET SECURITY The Identific
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268 INTERNET SECURITY The Hash Data
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270 INTERNET SECURITY The Domain of
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272 INTERNET SECURITY to the exchan
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274 INTERNET SECURITY When a Key Ex
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276 INTERNET SECURITY When a Notifi
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278 INTERNET SECURITY SSL Handshake
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280 INTERNET SECURITY SSL record he
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282 INTERNET SECURITY SSLCompressed
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284 INTERNET SECURITY • bad-certi
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286 INTERNET SECURITY - Random: Thi
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288 INTERNET SECURITY Note that Dis
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290 INTERNET SECURITY The finished
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292 INTERNET SECURITY key_block = M
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294 INTERNET SECURITY opad 160 bits
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296 INTERNET SECURITY - A B C D IV
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298 INTERNET SECURITY The PRF is th
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300 INTERNET SECURITY HMAC SHA1(S2,
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302 INTERNET SECURITY 8.3.4 Certifi
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9 Electronic Mail Security: PGP, S/
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ELECTRONIC MAIL SECURITY: PGP, S/MI
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Message packet M T FN H(M) ELECTRON
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Definition of multipart/encrypted:
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From: myrhee@tsp.snu.ac.kr To: kiis
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SignatureAlgorithmIdentifier ELECTR
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340 INTERNET SECURITY conform to a
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342 INTERNET SECURITY existing on a
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344 INTERNET SECURITY 10.2.7 VPN So
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346 INTERNET SECURITY Table 10.1 Te
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348 INTERNET SECURITY Table 10.3 SM
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350 INTERNET SECURITY Outside host
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352 INTERNET SECURITY Internet Pack
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11 SET for E-commerce Transactions
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11.2 SET System Participants SET FO
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SET FOR E-COMMERCE TRANSACTIONS 359
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Example 11.2 Message Integrity Chec
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User A 0x135af247c613e815 Message d
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E KSC (CAC) + E KSC (MD) D CAC MD V
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H MD D CRs K pg M’s cert E K#5 (C
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380 INTERNET SECURITY DS Dual Signa
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382 INTERNET SECURITY SA Security A
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384 INTERNET SECURITY 17. Borman, D
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386 INTERNET SECURITY 60. Harkins,
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388 INTERNET SECURITY 106. Metzger,
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390 INTERNET SECURITY 163. Wijnen,
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392 INDEX Authentication Header 243
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394 INDEX delete payload 269, 275,
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396 INDEX HTML tag 49 ending tag 49
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398 INDEX Java 48, 49 Joint Photogr
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400 INDEX packet filter 339, 341, 3
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402 INDEX secure payment processing
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404 INDEX transform # field 264, 27
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