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Internet Security Cryptographic Principles, Algorithms and Protocols Man Young Rhee School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley Editorial Offices John Wiley & Sons Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Jossey-Bass, 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94103-1741, USA Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Boschstr. 12, D-69469 Weinheim, Germany John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd, 33 Park Road, Milton, Queensland 4064, Australia John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2 Clementi Loop #02-01, Jin Xing Distripark, Singapore 129809 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd, 22 Worcester Road, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada M9W 1L1 Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rhee, Man Young. Internet security : cryptographic principles, algorithms, and protocols / Man Young Rhee. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-470-85285-2 (alk. paper) 1. Internet – Security measures. 2. Data encryption (Computer Science) 3. Public key cryptography. I. Title. TK5105.875.I57 .R447 2003-02-05 005 ′ 8.2 – dc21 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-470-85285-2 Typeset in 10/12pt Times by Laserwords Private Limited, Chennai, India Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestry in which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production. 2002191050
Page 1 and 2: TEAMFLY
Page 4: Internet Security
Page 9 and 10: vi CONTENTS 2.3 World Wide Web 47 2
Page 11 and 12: viii CONTENTS 5.6 The Elliptic Curv
Page 13 and 14: x CONTENTS 10.2.5 De-militarised Zo
Page 16 and 17: Preface The Internet is global in s
Page 18 and 19: PREFACE xv Policy Approval Authorit
Page 20 and 21: PREFACE xvii classified into three
Page 22 and 23: 1 Internetworking and Layered Model
Page 24 and 25: INTERNETWORKING AND LAYERED MODELS
Page 30 and 31: Layer No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 OSI Layer A
Page 36 and 37: 2 TCP/IP Suite and Internet Stack P
Page 38 and 39: TCP/IP SUITE AND INTERNET STACK PRO
Page 46 and 47: Class A Class B Class C Class D Cla
Page 50 and 51: H Host H TCP/IP SUITE AND INTERNET
Page 56 and 57:
TCP/IP SUITE AND INTERNET STACK PRO
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Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Bits IP header TCP/IP SUITE AND INT
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Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
3 Symmetric Block Ciphers This chap
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S-boxes L i−1 S 1 L i SYMMETRIC B
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K 1 48 bits K 2 48 bits K 16 48 bit
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Table 3.4 Initial permutation (IP)
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 65 Table 3.
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 67 This 48-
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 69 The 48-b
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 71 Thus, th
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 73 Round K1
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 75 Example
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64-bit plaintext X 1 X 2 X 3 X 4 Ro
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 81 The outp
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 83 the corr
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 87 of S and
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Step 3 i = j = 0; A = B = 0; SYMMET
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3.3.3 Encryption SYMMETRIC BLOCK CI
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A SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 93 A B
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3.4 RC6 Algorithm SYMMETRIC BLOCK C
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Mixing in the secret key S A = B =
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Magic constants: Pw = b7e15163 Qw =
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A = ((A − S[2i]) >>> u) ⊕ t } D
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Converting the secret key from byte
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The final decrypted plaintext is: b
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Thus, the final decrypted plaintext
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Multiplication SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPH
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where c0 = a0b0 c1 = a1b0 ⊕ a0b1
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Rcon[2] = [x 1 , {00}, {00}, {00}]
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Table 3.16 AES key expansion i Temp
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 117 ShiftRo
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Start of round After SubByte SYMMET
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 121 Figure
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4 Hash Function, Message Digest and
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M = 64 bits C 0 = 28 bits D 0 = 28
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HASH FUNCTION, MESSAGE DIGEST AND H
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⊕ : Bit-by-bit XORing of 16-bit s
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P(Ω 1 )
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Page 156 and 157:
K r : Concatenation IP : Initial pe
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Page 160 and 161:
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a b c d HASH FUNCTION, MESSAGE DIGE
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Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
H2 = 98badcfe H3 = 10325476 H4 = c3
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Page 178 and 179:
opad 160 bits (SHA-1) 128 bits (MD5
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5 Asymmetric Public-key Cryptosyste
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User A Generate secret random integ
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ASYMMETRIC PUBLIC-KEY CRYPTOSYSTEMS
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Message m −1 E p q ASYMMETRIC PUB
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Page 192 and 193:
Message m −1 User A A′ private
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To decipher the message m, first co
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a q ≡ 1(modp) a ASYMMETRIC PUBLIC
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Page 206 and 207:
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Receiver: (verifying) Compute: w
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� y2 − y1 x3 = ASYMMETRIC PUBLI
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The square of the integers in Z ∗
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Page 216 and 217:
and y3 = x2 1 + � x1 + y1 = α 12
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Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
6 Public-key Infrastructure This ch
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 203 LDAP
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Session key DES Plaintext m One-way
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 207 Let u
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 209 sent
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Publication of PAA’s public key G
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 213 • P
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Carry out identification and authen
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 217 With
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 219 The s
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6.4.4 X.500 Distinguished Naming PU
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 223 certi
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 225 • I
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Certificate fields v1 = v2 = v3 (fo
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 229 CRL s
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Subject directory attributes extens
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 233 the s
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 235 • S
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 237 not h
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6.7.1 Basic Path Validation PUBLIC-
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 241 It is
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244 INTERNET SECURITY The set of se
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246 INTERNET SECURITY • Key manag
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248 INTERNET SECURITY 7.1.3 Hashed
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250 INTERNET SECURITY A B C D IV 67
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252 INTERNET SECURITY Next header (
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254 INTERNET SECURITY IPv4 IPv4 IPv
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256 INTERNET SECURITY within a 32-b
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258 INTERNET SECURITY addresses, wh
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260 INTERNET SECURITY If authentica
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262 INTERNET SECURITY 1 bit Next pa
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264 INTERNET SECURITY The Situation
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266 INTERNET SECURITY The Identific
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268 INTERNET SECURITY The Hash Data
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270 INTERNET SECURITY The Domain of
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272 INTERNET SECURITY to the exchan
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274 INTERNET SECURITY When a Key Ex
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276 INTERNET SECURITY When a Notifi
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278 INTERNET SECURITY SSL Handshake
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280 INTERNET SECURITY SSL record he
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282 INTERNET SECURITY SSLCompressed
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284 INTERNET SECURITY • bad-certi
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286 INTERNET SECURITY - Random: Thi
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288 INTERNET SECURITY Note that Dis
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290 INTERNET SECURITY The finished
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292 INTERNET SECURITY key_block = M
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294 INTERNET SECURITY opad 160 bits
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296 INTERNET SECURITY - A B C D IV
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298 INTERNET SECURITY The PRF is th
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300 INTERNET SECURITY HMAC SHA1(S2,
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302 INTERNET SECURITY 8.3.4 Certifi
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9 Electronic Mail Security: PGP, S/
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ELECTRONIC MAIL SECURITY: PGP, S/MI
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Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
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Message packet M T FN H(M) ELECTRON
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Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
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Definition of multipart/encrypted:
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From: myrhee@tsp.snu.ac.kr To: kiis
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SignatureAlgorithmIdentifier ELECTR
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Page 358:
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340 INTERNET SECURITY conform to a
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342 INTERNET SECURITY existing on a
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344 INTERNET SECURITY 10.2.7 VPN So
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346 INTERNET SECURITY Table 10.1 Te
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348 INTERNET SECURITY Table 10.3 SM
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350 INTERNET SECURITY Outside host
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352 INTERNET SECURITY Internet Pack
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11 SET for E-commerce Transactions
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11.2 SET System Participants SET FO
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SET FOR E-COMMERCE TRANSACTIONS 359
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Example 11.2 Message Integrity Chec
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User A 0x135af247c613e815 Message d
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E KSC (CAC) + E KSC (MD) D CAC MD V
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Page 398:
H MD D CRs K pg M’s cert E K#5 (C
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380 INTERNET SECURITY DS Dual Signa
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382 INTERNET SECURITY SA Security A
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384 INTERNET SECURITY 17. Borman, D
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386 INTERNET SECURITY 60. Harkins,
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388 INTERNET SECURITY 106. Metzger,
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390 INTERNET SECURITY 163. Wijnen,
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392 INDEX Authentication Header 243
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394 INDEX delete payload 269, 275,
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396 INDEX HTML tag 49 ending tag 49
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398 INDEX Java 48, 49 Joint Photogr
Page 421 and 422:
400 INDEX packet filter 339, 341, 3
Page 423 and 424:
402 INDEX secure payment processing
Page 425 and 426:
404 INDEX transform # field 264, 27
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