Internet Security - Dang Thanh Binh's Page

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To decipher the message m, first compute: r x (mod p) ≡ 5 8 (mod 11) ≡ 4 and take the ratio: m = s/r x (mod p) ≡ 20/4 ≡ 5 ASYMMETRIC PUBLIC-KEY CRYPTOSYSTEMS 175 It thus proves that the message m is completely restored using the ElGamal encryption algorithm (see Table 5.5) 5.3.2 ElGamal Signatures To sign a message m, first choose a random number k such that gcd (k, p − 1) = 1 (relatively prime). The public key is described by y ≡ g x (mod p) where the private key is x
176 INTERNET SECURITY x GF (p) ∋ x k −1 p User A User B g p − 1 y ≡ g x (mod p) r ≡ g k (mod p) Message m GF (p) y r Extended euclidean algorithm m ≡ rx + ks (mod p − 1) Figure 5.5 The ElGamal signature scheme. Table 5.6 ElGamal signature algorithm Public key: p (a prime number) g
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TEAMFLY
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Internet Security
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Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons
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vi CONTENTS 2.3 World Wide Web 47 2
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viii CONTENTS 5.6 The Elliptic Curv
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x CONTENTS 10.2.5 De-militarised Zo
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Preface The Internet is global in s
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PREFACE xv Policy Approval Authorit
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PREFACE xvii classified into three
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1 Internetworking and Layered Model
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INTERNETWORKING AND LAYERED MODELS
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Layer No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 OSI Layer A
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2 TCP/IP Suite and Internet Stack P
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TCP/IP SUITE AND INTERNET STACK PRO
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Class A Class B Class C Class D Cla
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H Host H TCP/IP SUITE AND INTERNET
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Bits IP header TCP/IP SUITE AND INT
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3 Symmetric Block Ciphers This chap
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S-boxes L i−1 S 1 L i SYMMETRIC B
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K 1 48 bits K 2 48 bits K 16 48 bit
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Table 3.4 Initial permutation (IP)
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 65 Table 3.
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 67 This 48-
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 69 The 48-b
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 71 Thus, th
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 73 Round K1
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 75 Example
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64-bit plaintext X 1 X 2 X 3 X 4 Ro
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 81 The outp
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 83 the corr
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 87 of S and
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Step 3 i = j = 0; A = B = 0; SYMMET
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3.3.3 Encryption SYMMETRIC BLOCK CI
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A SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 93 A B
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3.4 RC6 Algorithm SYMMETRIC BLOCK C
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Mixing in the secret key S A = B =
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Magic constants: Pw = b7e15163 Qw =
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A = ((A − S[2i]) >>> u) ⊕ t } D
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Converting the secret key from byte
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The final decrypted plaintext is: b
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Thus, the final decrypted plaintext
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Multiplication SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPH
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where c0 = a0b0 c1 = a1b0 ⊕ a0b1
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Rcon[2] = [x 1 , {00}, {00}, {00}]
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Table 3.16 AES key expansion i Temp
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 117 ShiftRo
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Start of round After SubByte SYMMET
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SYMMETRIC BLOCK CIPHERS 121 Figure
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4 Hash Function, Message Digest and
Page 146 and 147: M = 64 bits C 0 = 28 bits D 0 = 28
Page 148 and 149: HASH FUNCTION, MESSAGE DIGEST AND H
Page 150 and 151: ⊕ : Bit-by-bit XORing of 16-bit s
Page 152 and 153: P(Ω 1 )
Page 156 and 157: K r : Concatenation IP : Initial pe
Page 162 and 163: a b c d HASH FUNCTION, MESSAGE DIGE
Page 174 and 175: H2 = 98badcfe H3 = 10325476 H4 = c3
Page 178 and 179: opad 160 bits (SHA-1) 128 bits (MD5
Page 182 and 183: 5 Asymmetric Public-key Cryptosyste
Page 184 and 185: User A Generate secret random integ
Page 186 and 187: ASYMMETRIC PUBLIC-KEY CRYPTOSYSTEMS
Page 188 and 189: Message m −1 E p q ASYMMETRIC PUB
Page 192 and 193: Message m −1 User A A′ private
Page 202 and 203: a q ≡ 1(modp) a ASYMMETRIC PUBLIC
Page 208 and 209: Receiver: (verifying) Compute: w
Page 210 and 211: � y2 − y1 x3 = ASYMMETRIC PUBLI
Page 212 and 213: The square of the integers in Z ∗
Page 216 and 217: and y3 = x2 1 + � x1 + y1 = α 12
Page 222 and 223: 6 Public-key Infrastructure This ch
Page 224 and 225: PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 203 LDAP
Page 226 and 227: Session key DES Plaintext m One-way
Page 228 and 229: PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 207 Let u
Page 230 and 231: PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 209 sent
Page 232 and 233: Publication of PAA’s public key G
Page 234 and 235: PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 213 • P
Page 236 and 237: Carry out identification and authen
Page 238 and 239: PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 217 With
Page 240 and 241: PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 219 The s
Page 242 and 243: 6.4.4 X.500 Distinguished Naming PU
Page 244 and 245: PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 223 certi
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 225 • I
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Certificate fields v1 = v2 = v3 (fo
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 229 CRL s
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Subject directory attributes extens
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 233 the s
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 235 • S
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 237 not h
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6.7.1 Basic Path Validation PUBLIC-
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PUBLIC-KEY INFRASTRUCTURE 241 It is
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244 INTERNET SECURITY The set of se
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246 INTERNET SECURITY • Key manag
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248 INTERNET SECURITY 7.1.3 Hashed
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250 INTERNET SECURITY A B C D IV 67
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252 INTERNET SECURITY Next header (
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254 INTERNET SECURITY IPv4 IPv4 IPv
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256 INTERNET SECURITY within a 32-b
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258 INTERNET SECURITY addresses, wh
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260 INTERNET SECURITY If authentica
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262 INTERNET SECURITY 1 bit Next pa
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264 INTERNET SECURITY The Situation
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266 INTERNET SECURITY The Identific
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268 INTERNET SECURITY The Hash Data
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270 INTERNET SECURITY The Domain of
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272 INTERNET SECURITY to the exchan
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274 INTERNET SECURITY When a Key Ex
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276 INTERNET SECURITY When a Notifi
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278 INTERNET SECURITY SSL Handshake
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280 INTERNET SECURITY SSL record he
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282 INTERNET SECURITY SSLCompressed
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284 INTERNET SECURITY • bad-certi
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286 INTERNET SECURITY - Random: Thi
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288 INTERNET SECURITY Note that Dis
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290 INTERNET SECURITY The finished
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292 INTERNET SECURITY key_block = M
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294 INTERNET SECURITY opad 160 bits
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296 INTERNET SECURITY - A B C D IV
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298 INTERNET SECURITY The PRF is th
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300 INTERNET SECURITY HMAC SHA1(S2,
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302 INTERNET SECURITY 8.3.4 Certifi
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9 Electronic Mail Security: PGP, S/
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ELECTRONIC MAIL SECURITY: PGP, S/MI
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Message packet M T FN H(M) ELECTRON
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Definition of multipart/encrypted:
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From: myrhee@tsp.snu.ac.kr To: kiis
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SignatureAlgorithmIdentifier ELECTR
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340 INTERNET SECURITY conform to a
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342 INTERNET SECURITY existing on a
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344 INTERNET SECURITY 10.2.7 VPN So
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346 INTERNET SECURITY Table 10.1 Te
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348 INTERNET SECURITY Table 10.3 SM
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350 INTERNET SECURITY Outside host
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352 INTERNET SECURITY Internet Pack
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11 SET for E-commerce Transactions
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11.2 SET System Participants SET FO
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SET FOR E-COMMERCE TRANSACTIONS 359
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Example 11.2 Message Integrity Chec
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User A 0x135af247c613e815 Message d
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E KSC (CAC) + E KSC (MD) D CAC MD V
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H MD D CRs K pg M’s cert E K#5 (C
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380 INTERNET SECURITY DS Dual Signa
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382 INTERNET SECURITY SA Security A
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384 INTERNET SECURITY 17. Borman, D
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386 INTERNET SECURITY 60. Harkins,
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388 INTERNET SECURITY 106. Metzger,
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390 INTERNET SECURITY 163. Wijnen,
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392 INDEX Authentication Header 243
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394 INDEX delete payload 269, 275,
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396 INDEX HTML tag 49 ending tag 49
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398 INDEX Java 48, 49 Joint Photogr
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400 INDEX packet filter 339, 341, 3
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402 INDEX secure payment processing
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404 INDEX transform # field 264, 27
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