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Sustainable use of biological diversity in socio-ecological production landscapes Customary sustainable use of biodiversity by indigenous peoples Case studies from Suriname, Guyana, Cameroon and Thailand Centre pour l’Environnement et le Developpement (CED) and Association Okani (Cameroon); South Central Peoples Development Association (SCPDA) (Guyana); Organisation of Kaliña and Lokono in Marowijne (KLIM) (Suriname); Inter-Mountain People Education & Cultures in Thailand Association (IMPECT) (Thailand) and Forest Peoples Programme (United Kingdom) * * For enquiries or comments about this article please email: maurizio@forestpeoples.org 1. introduction The Satoyama Initiative is a timely effort to bring the world’s attention to the fact that “protecting biodiversity entails not only preserving pristine environments, such as wilderness, but also conserving human-influenced natural environments, such as farmlands and secondary forest, that people have developed and maintained sustainably over a long time” (http://satoyama-initiative.org/en/about). In fact, focusing on highlighting the positive interactions between human societies and biodiversity and the rich variety of landscapes derived from this interaction during the evolution of humankind may well be one of the most refreshing actions proposed for the CBD’s post-2010 journey. From the initial discussions about the Satoyama Initiative there is no unified definition used to describe such landscapes, but the term “socio-ecological production landscape” is proposed to refer to the targeted areas of the initiative. “These are generally characterized by a wise use of biological resources in accordance with traditional cultural practices that are compatible with conservation and sustainable use” (http://satoyama-initiative.org/en/satoyama-likelandscapes/#more-110). Although the initiative is new, it should be developed and implemented complementarily with existing Articles and activities of the Convention, especially with Article 10(c), which states that Parties shall: “(…) protect and encourage customary use of biological resources in accordance with traditional cultural practices that are compatible with conservation or sustainable use requirements” (http://www. cbd.int/convention/articles.shtml?a=cbd-10). The authors believe that the main content and nature of the Satoyama initiative and Article 10(c) are very similar as both aim to protect and encourage customary sustainable use that provides positive outcomes for biodiversity and human wellbeing. In this paper indigenous peoples and support organisations from Suriname, Guyana, Cameroon, and Thailand provide insight in the sophistication of their local management systems, in particular their customary law systems, which guide wise use of biological resources. They also describe the threats that their customary management systems are facing. They end by providing recommendations to local and national governments about actions that should be taken in order to improve support for these ageold sustainable management systems and to effectively implement Article 10(c). The issues raised in the paper by these “10(c) case studies” should enrich the discussion on the development and implementation of the Satoyama Initiative. This paper is based on case studies that were produced in each of these countries between 2004 and 2008. In the same “10(c) series”, similar studies were carried out in Bangladesh (with the traditional resource users of the Sundarbans) and in Venezuela (with the Sanema and Yekwana peoples), but given space constraints, only the case studies from Suriname, Guyana, Cameroon, and Thailand are specifically explored in this contribution. All full reports are available online for further reading (http:// www.forestpeoples.org/documents/conservation/ bases/10c.shtm). All case studies were produced by trained community researchers and with involvement of as many community members as possible. Complementary to these reports, the communities have also produced participatory land and resource use maps combining traditional knowledge with Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies. These maps illustrate the extent and scope of indigenous territories and the significance and importance of the territories and resources for the livelihoods of indigenous and local communities. The project has also employed a complementary approach between traditional knowledge and “modern” science and technology when trying to promote action for biodiversity conservation (such as training of community para-biologists in Venezuela). 2. locations and communities 2.1 Suriname The Lower Marowijne region is located in northeastern Suriname, which is part of the Amazon. 22
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