Fuel Processing for Fuel Cells - Institut für Technische Chemie und ...

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Author's personal copy Fuel Processing for Fuel Cells 3 CHP CPOX CPU D DC DFT DIN DMFC DR E10 E5 E85 EG EN EPA Eq EU FAME HDS HTS ISO LLNL LNG LPG LTS MCFC MEA MF PAFC PAHs PEM PEMFC POX PrOX R&D S/C SMET SOFC SR UBI-QEP WGS combined heat and power catalytic partial oxidation central processor unit dimension direct current density functional theory German Industry Standard direct methanol fuel cell dry reforming gasoline blended with 10 vol.% ethanol gasoline blended with 5 vol.% ethanol gasoline blended with 85 vol.% ethanol European Community European Standard Environmental Protection Agency equation European Union fatty acid methyl ester hydrodesulfurization process high-temperature stage in WGS International Organization for Standardization Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory liquefied natural gas liquefied petroleum gas low-temperature stage in WGS molten carbonate fuel cell membrane electrode assembly mean-field approximation phosphoric acid fuel cell polyaromatic hydrocarbons proton exchange membrane proton exchange membrane fuel cell partial oxidation preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide research and development steam-to-carbon ratio selective methanation of carbon monoxide solid oxide fuel cell steam reforming unity bond index–quadratic exponential potential method water–gas shift
Author's personal copy 4 Torsten Kaltschmitt and Olaf Deutschmann LIST OF UNITS AND SYMBOLS %cal caloric percentage C degree celsius kg kilogram kJ kilojoule kW kilowatt m meter mg milligram mm millimeter mm 2 square millimeter MW megawatt mW milliwatt n number of moles ppm parts per million ppmv parts per million by volume ppmw parts per million by weight pS pico-Siemens vol.% volume percentage W watt A i name of species i A k pre-exponential factor, mol, m, s C(s) surface carbon c i species concentration, mol m 2 , mol m 3 E ak activation energy, J mol 1 F cat/geo ratio of the total active catalytic surface area in relation to the geometric surface area of the fluid–solid interphase !i j diffusion flux of species i, kgm 2 s 1 k fk rate coefficient of the forward reaction, mol, m, s K s number of surface reactions 1 M i molar mass of species i, kg mol ! n (surface) normal N b bulk species absorbed by the catalyst particle N g species in the gas phase N s species adsorbed on the top catalyst layer R gas constant, J K 1 kg 1 het R i local chemical source term species i _s i molar net production rate of species i, mol m 2 s 1 t time, s T temperature, K Y i mass fraction of species i temperature exponent b k
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