The Art of War - Khamkoo

which I have taken as a rule for an Army, in this manner. If you want,
therefore, to walk securely through the enemy country, and be able to respond
from every side, if you had been assaulted by surprise, and wanting,
in accordance with the ancients, to bring it into a square, I would
plan to make a square whose hollow was two hundred arm lengths on
every side in this manner. I would first place the flanks, each distant
from the other by two hundred twelve arm lengths, and would place five
companies in each flank in a file along its length, and distant from each
other three arm lengths; these would occupy their own space, each company
occupying (a space) forty arm lengths by two hundred twelve arm
lengths. Between the front and rear of these two flanks, I would place another
ten companies, five on each side, arranging them in such a way
that four should be next to the front of the right flank, and five at the rear
of the left flank, leaving between each one an interval (gap) of four arm
lengths: one of which should be next to the front of the left flank, and
one at the rear of the right flank. And as the space existing between the
one flank and the other is two hundred twelve arm lengths, and these
companies placed alongside each other by their width and not length,
they would come to occupy, with the intervals, one hundred thirty four
arm lengths, (and) there would be between the four companies placed on
the front of the right flank, and one placed on the left, a remaining space
of seventy eight arm lengths, and a similar space be left among the companies
placed in the rear parts; and there would be no other difference,
except that one space would be on the rear side toward the right wing,
the other would be on the front side toward the left wing. In the space of
seventy eight arm lengths in front, I would place all the ordinary Veliti,
and in that in the rear the extraordinary Veliti, who would come to be a
thousand per space. And if you want that the space taken up by the
Army should be two hundred twelve arm lengths on every side, I would
see that five companies are placed in front, and those that are placed in
the rear, should not occupy any space already occupied by the flanks,
and therefore I would see that the five companies in the rear should have
their front touch the rear of their flanks, and those in front should have
their rear touch the front (of their flanks), so that on every side of that
army, space would remain to receive another company. And as there are
four spaces, I would take four banners away from the extraordinary
pikemen and would put one on every corner: and the two banners of the
aforementioned pikemen left to me, I would place in the middle of the
hollow of their army (formed) in a square of companies, at the heads of
which the general Captain would remain with his men around him. And
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