Ground-Water Hydrology of the Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon and ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

58 Ground-Water Hydrology of the Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon and California 0 10 46N/01E-06N01 DEPTH TO WATER, IN FEET 20 30 40 50 60 70 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Figure 34. Water-level fluctuations in well 46N/01E-06N01 in Butte Valley, California. 0 10 40S/11E-11BAD 20 30 40 50 DEPTH TO WATER, IN FEET 60 70 80 90 100 190 200 40S/12E-30DCB 210 220 230 240 250 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Figure 35. Water-level fluctuations in wells 40S/11E-11BAD in the southern Poe Valley and well 40S/12E-30DCB north of Malin, Oregon. OR19-0048_fig34
Ground-Water Hydrology 59 Long-term water-level trends in northwest Langell Valley and east of Lorella indicate that pumping stresses in those areas are periodically greater than average (for the area), probably resulting from the occasional use of supplemental ground-water rights. The water level in the observation well in northwest Langell Valley (39S/11E-26ABD) apparently responded to increased pumping during the 1970s, again in the early 1990s, and again starting in 2001 (fig. 36). The groundwater flow system nearly recovered after each of the earlier cycles. In 2005, the water level was about 13 ft below the level measured during 1998, the most recent wet period. A trend similar to that observed in the Langell Valley well, but with a smaller amplitude of fluctuation, is seen in the long-term record at well 39S/12E-35ADD, just east of Lorella (fig. 36). The 2005 water level in the Lorella well was only about 4 ft below the 1998 measurement. Recharge from canal leakage in the area may also be influencing the water-level trend in the Lorella well (Grondin, 2004). Recent pumping stresses in the Klamath Valley area are reflected in water levels measured in observation well 41S/09E-12AAB (fig. 37). With the exception of a sharp decline in 1970, the water-level trend in the well appears to have been in dynamic equilibrium until 2001. The increased pumping stresses combined with drought contributed to a water-level decline of about 12 ft between 2001 and 2004. Fluctuations in Hydraulic Head in Response to Recent Increases in Ground-Water Pumping Prior to 2001, the ground-water system in most of the upper Klamath Basin was in a state of dynamic equilibrium, under which water levels rose and fell in response to climate cycles and seasonal pumping, but generally without chronic long-term declines. (Water levels in some wells near the town of Sprague River [fig. 33] are an exception.) Historically, water levels declined for several years during droughts, but, with local exceptions, water levels eventually rose to (or nearly to) predrought levels during subsequent multiyear wet periods. Wells generally have been drilled deep enough and pumps set low enough to accommodate these historical water-level fluctuations. Pumping in the upper Klamath Basin increased an estimated 50 percent starting in 2001 in response to changes in water management and a prolonged drought. The ground-water system has responded to the increased pumping with water levels showing acute, seasonal, and long-term effects. Acute effects occur close to pumping wells, generally within hundreds to thousands of feet. These effects typically are the result of the cone of depression of the pumping well spreading to neighboring wells, resulting in a decline in the static water levels, sometimes referred to as “well interference.” These effects typically have a rapid onset and dissipate relatively soon after pumping ends. 0 10 39S/11E-26ABD 20 30 DEPTH TO WATER, IN FEET 40 50 30 40 50 60 70 80 1950 39S/12E-35ADD 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Figure 36. Water-level fluctuations in wells 39S/11E-26ABD and 39S/12E-35ADD in the western Langell Valley, Oregon.
Page 1 and 2:
Prepared in cooperation with the Or
Page 3 and 4:
Ground-Water Hydrology of the Upper
Page 5 and 6:
iii Contents Abstract..............
Page 7 and 8:
Figures Figure 1. Map showing the u
Page 9 and 10:
vii Figures—Continued Figure 30.
Page 11 and 12:
ix Location System The system used
Page 13 and 14:
Ground-Water Hydrology of the Upper
Page 15 and 16:
Creek Introduction 43°15' 43°00'
Page 17 and 18:
Introduction MEAN MONTHLY PRECIPIT
Page 19 and 20: Introduction 122°00' 45' 30' 121
Page 21 and 22: Geologic Framework basins separate
Page 23 and 24: Creek Creek Geologic Framework 11 4
Page 25 and 26: Geologic Framework 13 Hydraulic con
Page 27 and 28: Geologic Framework 15 Table 2. Summ
Page 29 and 30: Ground-Water Hydrology 17 100 90 80
Page 31 and 32: Ground-Water Hydrology 19 The sourc
Page 33 and 34: Ground-Water Hydrology 21 determine
Page 35 and 36: Ground-Water Hydrology 23 Geographi
Page 37 and 38: Ground-Water Hydrology 25 TOTAL WAT
Page 39 and 40: Ground-Water Hydrology 27 DISCHARGE
Page 41 and 42: Ground-Water Hydrology 29 SEPTEMBER
Page 43 and 44: Ground-Water Hydrology 31 Upper Kla
Page 45 and 46: Ground-Water Hydrology 33 The Lost
Page 47 and 48: Ground-Water Hydrology 35 Most grou
Page 49 and 50: Ground-Water Hydrology 37 INFLOW, I
Page 51 and 52: Ground-Water Hydrology 39 example,
Page 53 and 54: Ground-Water Hydrology 41 Recent In
Page 55 and 56: Ground-Water Hydrology 43 122°00'
Page 57 and 58: Creek Ground-Water Hydrology 45 43
Page 59 and 60: Ground-Water Hydrology 47 5 ft/mi.
Page 61 and 62: Creek Ground-Water Hydrology 49 43
Page 63 and 64: Ground-Water Hydrology 51 DEPTH TO
Page 65 and 66: Ground-Water Hydrology 53 35 37 Dep
Page 67 and 68: Ground-Water Hydrology 55 4144 4143
Page 69: Ground-Water Hydrology 57 Water lev
Page 77 and 78: Acknowledgments 65 Hydraulic head i
Page 79 and 80: References Cited 67 Cooper, R.M., 2
Page 81 and 82: References Cited 69 Theis, C.V., 19
Page 83 and 84: Appendix A. 71 Appendix A. Landsat
Page 85 and 86: Table 6 73 Table 6. Estimated groun
Page 97 and 98: Manuscript approved for publication
show all

Ground-Water Hydrology of the Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon and ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?