P R O G R E S S R E P O R T - Illuminating Engineering Society

More documents

Recommendations

Info

study, life was acceptable overall, providing some confidence that SCFLs may actually last as long as they are supposed to. This was an improvement compared to previous testing. 5 Maintained light output was better than expected for some of the SCFLs, while the rest performed as expected for fluorescent lamps. Although the color of light from the SCFLs did change over time, the shift was not much, especially for lamps to be used in typical applications in residential areas. One thing that did stand out was that the performance from manufacturer to manufacturer varied considerably. Some SCFLs lasted nearly twice their rated life,while others just reached rated life. Since the life performance was better than expected, this type of difference is probably acceptable. For maintained light output, the performance varied by more than 30 percent among manufacturers, but the higher maintained light output comes at the cost of higher input power. Finally, for color, some SCFLs had a noticeable color shift while others did not. Unfortunately, this type of testing takes so long that the SCFLs tested most likely have evolved into newer and better products. That is the nature of long-term studies. But, this type of study at least provides baseline information to compare to future products. Approved Method for Life Testing of Compact Fluorescent Lamps, LM-65-01. New York, NY:IESNA. 4. Waymouth, J., Electric Discharge Lamps. Cambridge, MA.: The M.I.T. Press, 1971. 5. O’Rourke, C., Figueiro, M.,“Long- Term Performance of Screwbase Compact Fluorescent Lamps.” Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society, Summer 2001, 30-39. back issues of LD+A are now online www.iesna.org Liton Lighting 1/2 island Acknowledgments This project was sponsored by NLPIP and the U.S. Department of Energy. References 1. Rea, M. ed. Illuminating Engineering Society of North America Lighting Handbook: Reference and Application. New York: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 2000. 2. Figueiro, M., 1999. Specifier Reports: Screwbase Compact Fluorescent Lamp Products (Volume 7, Number 1), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,Troy, NY. 3. Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. 2001. IESNA October 2005 LD+A 15
LIGHTING FOR SECURITY Ted Ake NOWHERE IS THE PHRASE, “where security is a concern,” more important than in public spaces, where everyone is not only invited, but encouraged to enter. Locations such as banks, office buildings, malls and convenience stores unfortunately provide excellent opportunities for criminal activity. Other than well-designed lighting and closed-circuit television systems, individuals are, for the most part, on their own. Parking lots and garages pose a particular challenge. Approximately 20 percent of all security-related crime occurs in parking areas, often with very severe traumatic and financial results. In two recent cases in just one city, nearly $18 million was awarded, due, at least in part, to inadequate lighting systems in parking lots. In shopping malls nearly 40 percent of incidents occur in the parking areas. Merchants in poorly lighted malls report as much as 35 percent loss in sales after dark. The lighting system must be designed, not only to reduce vehicleto-vehicle and vehicle-to-pedestrian accidents, but, of greater importance, pedestrian-to-pedestrian encounters. It is the individual on foot, leaving or returning to the safety of his vehicle, who must be able to observe others in the immediate area.“Do I want that guy to get any closer?” requires a decision “to fight or flee” based on facial identification, general appearance and attitude.The decision must be made quickly,before the individuals are closer than 10 meters (approx 35 ft); otherwise, the flight option is no longer available.This scenario requires vertical illuminance at eye-height. Surveys indicate that “brightly lit” and “uniformly lit” parking lots create a sense of security and comfort among observers. Lots that meet these criteria have illuminance of 30- 50 lux and a uniformity ratio of 4:1 average to minimum. IES recommends five to eight vertical lux 1 at eye level.This will usually be attained with the recommended 30 horizontal lux on the pavement. If the area behind the observed person is very bright, the vertical illuminance must be increased. Many municipalities require shrubbery within and/or around parking lots.These plantings must be limited to low-growth bushes located away from taller (20-plus ft) lighting poles.Where shorter, decorative poles are installed, trees may be planted, but all branches below the luminaires must be removed. In all cases, regular pruning is essential. Lighting designers and landscapers should be aware of the adage,“trees grow, poles do not.” Hours of Operation For economic reasons some owners wish to reduce or completely turn-off systems “during nonbusiness hours,” and some lighting ordinances contain curfew clauses. While lighting of general customer parking spaces may be dimmed (but not extinguished), designated, closeup, fully illuminated spaces should be provided for employees, such as maintenance, stock clerks, cleaners, etc., who will be on site beyond regular business hours. Cleaners may be required to remove trash to enclosed collection areas. Such areas should provide a means of visual inspection before one enters. They must be illuminated so as not to provide hiding spaces for criminals wishing to take a hostage to gain access to the building. The path to the trash area from the exit door must also be well-lighted so that the Narrow beam units require closer spacing with very low vertical illuminance. Reflected light from car tops may actually increase light pollution. Wider distribution requires fewer poles and provides excellent vertical light for facial identification. 16 www.iesna.org
Page 1 and 2: Lighting Design + Application • O
Page 3 and 4: EDITOR’S NOTE Paul Tarricone Publ
Page 5 and 6: REGIONAL VOICES Peter Romaniello, N
Page 7 and 8: RESEARCH MATTERS How Do SCFLs Measu
Page 9: RESEARCH MATTERS Figure 2 Maintaine
Page 13 and 14: LIGHTING FOR SECURITY Parking Garag
Page 15 and 16: Allscape 1/2 V SUSTAINING MEMBERS T
Page 17 and 18: INDUSTRY UPDATES New Study Reveals
Page 19 and 20: New Standard, Publications Issued b
Page 21 and 22: • applications & solutions The Sh
Page 23 and 24: Philips Lighting has introduced thi
Page 25 and 26: Day-Brite Lighting introduced, FBF,
Page 27 and 28: The first IP66 rated bollard has be
Page 29 and 30: OSRAM SYLVANIA introduced QUICKTRON
Page 31 and 32: Expanding its Intellivolt Multiple-
Page 33 and 34: Lightolier has introduced the first
Page 35 and 36: COMPANY INDEX Advance Transformer 1
Page 37 and 38: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 39 and 40: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 41 and 42: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 43 and 44: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 45 and 46: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 47 and 48: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 49 and 50: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 51 and 52: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 53 and 54: detail. The finishing shops did gil
Page 55 and 56: CALENDAR OF EVENTS October 6: The

P R O G R E S S R E P O R T - Illuminating Engineering Society

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?