COMMeMOratiVe ISSue - Illuminating Engineering Society

January 2006 

L i g h t i n g D e s i g n + A p p l i c a t i o n 

COMMEMORATIVE 

ISSUE 

c e l e b r a t i n g 

IESNA 

Years

january 2006 

VOL. 36/NO. 1 

I E S N A C E N T E N N I A L I S S U E 

58 73 50 67 

features 

departments 

4 Editorial 

6 Letters 

10 Executive Vice President Reports 

12 President’s Perspective 

16 Updates 

20 Energy Advisor 

26 Green Ideas 

30 Research Matters 

36 Careers & Hiring 

71 IESNA Membership Application 

77 IIDA Nomination Form 

81 Calendar of Events 

82 New and Sustaining Members 

84 Classified Advertisements 

85 Ad Offices & Ad Index 

86 IES FYI 

42 ‘It has been Proposed to form a 

society’ 

Lighting’s preeminent historian describes how 

visionaries, risk takers, practitioners, academics 

and businessmen banded together in 1905-06 to 

create the IES 

50 IESNA RETROSPECTIVE 

A look at the key milestones in the Society’s history 

58 THE Pioneers 

As the Society turns 100, we present 91 individuals 

who helped shape the industry 

67 What they’d like to light 

A group of lighting designers describe their ‘dream 

projects’ 

73 King (or Queen) for a day 

We asked an eclectic mix of lighting professionals 

to fill in the blank of the following statement: ‘If I 

were lighting czar for a day, the one thing I would 

change is _____’ 

ON THE COVER: 

LD+A commemorates the IESNA Centennial by “ celebrating the 

past. . . imagining the future.”

E D I T O R I A L 

While doing research for this commemorative issue of 

LD+A, I got goose bumps after coming across the following passage from Ruby 

Redford’s Editorial in the January 1956 issue of Illuminating Engineering: “The issue 

of the Society’s journal which will commemorate the IES Centennial in the year 2006 

will be prepared by an editor as yet unborn, or currently in his playpen. He will no 

doubt be grateful to the men who undertook months of research, months of work, 

in the preparation of the fifty-year summary.” 

How correct Ms. Redford was. I am that “as yet unborn editor,” and, yes, I am 

eternally grateful to those responsible for creating not only the 50 th anniversary edition 

of Illuminating Engineering but much of that vast archive of resources which 

resides around the corner from my office in our conference room/library. The 

January ‘56 issue (far right cabinet, second shelf from the bottom) and various back 

issues of LD+A are still cluttered with yellow Post-it notes, and I would typically 

break into a cold sweat when I found a historically significant periodical had been 

temporarily “checked out” by a colleague. 

Building on Ruby Redford’s 50 th anniversary issue and LD+A editor Wanda 

Jankowski’s 75 th anniversary issue in January 1981, this month’s LD+A is meant 

to reflect the overarching theme of the IESNA Centennial: “Celebrating the past... 

Imagining the future.” To celebrate the past, we’ve taken a two-pronged approach, 

focusing on the birth and evolution of the IESNA itself (pgs. 42-57), as well as the 

milestones and people that have influenced lighting and “illuminating engineering” 

as a discipline (pgs. 58-65). Next, we move on to “imagining the future.” We asked 

several of our regular columnists to speculate on some of the trends that might 

drive professional practice and the industry in the coming years. Finally, two roundtable 

panels describe their dream projects and suggest changes in the industry they 

would mandate if they were “lighting czar” for a day. 

Much of what you will read here would not have been possible without the 

efforts of Centennial Committee members and others dedicated to ensuring that 

this Centennial theme issue would represent our collective best efforts. Special 

thanks go to Kevin Flynn (Centennial Committee chair), Richard LeVere and James 

Jewell for spearheading the work on the “Lighting Pioneers” compilation. 

Finally, a message to the editor as yet unborn, or currently in his or her playpen, 

who will prepare the next anniversary issue of an IESNA periodical: I hope you 

find the material in this issue of LD+A and in our “Century Series” useful, relevant, 

educational and entertaining. 

Publisher 

William Hanley, CAE 

Editor 

Paul Tarricone 

Associate Editor 

John-Michael Kobes 

Assistant Editor 

Roslyn Lowe 

Art Director 

Samuel Fontanez 

Associate Art Director 

Petra Domingo 

Columnists 

Emlyn G. Altman • Denise Fong 

Brian Liebel • Doug Paulin • Paul Pompeo 

Willard Warren 

Book Review Editor 

Paulette Hebert, Ph.D. 

Marketing Manager 

Sue Foley 

Advertising Coordinator 

Leslie Prestia 

Published by IESNA 

120 Wall Street, 17th Floor 

New York, NY 10005-4001 

Phone: 212-248-5000 

Fax: 212-248-5017/18 

Website: www.iesna.org 

Email: iesna@iesna.org 

LD+A is a magazine for professionals involved in the art, science, 

study, manufacture, teaching, and implementation of lighting. LD+A 

is designed to enhance and improve the practice of lighting. Every 

issue of LD+A includes feature articles on design projects, technical 

articles on the science of illumination, new product developments, 

industry trends, news of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North 

America, and vital information about the illuminating profession. 

Statements and opinions expressed in articles and editorials in LD+A 

are the expressions of contributors and do not necessarily represent 

the policies or opinions of the Illuminating Engineering Society of 

North America. Advertisements appearing in this publication are the 

sole responsibility of the advertiser. 

LD+A (ISSN 0360-6325) is published monthly in the United States of 

America by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 

120 Wall Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10005, 212-248-5000. 

Copyright 2006 by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North 

America. Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY 10005 and 

additional mailing offices. Nonmember subscriptions $44.00 per year. 

Additional $15.00 postage for subscriptions outside the United States. 

Member subscriptions $32.00 (not deductible from annual dues). 

Additional subscriptions $44.00. Single copies $4.00, except Lighting 

Equipment & Accessories Directory and Progress Report issues 

$10.00. Authorization to reproduce articles for internal or personal 

use by specific clients is granted by IESNA to libraries and other users 

registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional 

Reporting Service, provided a fee of $2.00 per copy is paid directly to 

CCC, 21 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970. IESNA fee code: 0360- 

6325/86 $2.00. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying 

for purposes such as general distribution, advertising or promotion, 

creating new collective works, or resale. 

POSTMASTER: Send address changes to LD+A, 120 Wall Street, 

17th Floor, New York, NY 10005. Subscribers: For continuous service 

please notify LD+A of address changes at least six weeks in advance. 

Paul tarricone 

Editor 

ptarricone@iesna.org 

This publication is indexed regularly by Engineering Index, 

Inc. and Applied Science & Technology Index. LD+A is available 

on microfilm from Proquest Information and Learning, 

800-521-0600, Ann Arbor, MI 

 

www.iesna.org

L E T T E R S 

LEDs Take Flight 

I was pleased to see the first 

issue of LD+A themed to LED applications 

(November 2005). In addition 

to the issues of quantity, quality, 

CRI and consistency raised in 

Kevin Dowling’s excellent article 

(“Crossing the Chasm”), there are 

a few other issues that are equally 

important to lighting professionals. 

The LED community needs to “talk 

the talk” of the lighting industry. 

This includes moving away from 

lamp efficacy only and providing 

data on the system efficacy (including 

the drivers) and system efficiency 

(how much of the available light 

is actually getting out). The behavior 

of most conventional light sources is 

well understood, but the LED industry 

needs to agree on a standard for 

measuring and publishing lumen 

maintenance, as well as variations 

in light output due to temperature 

variations. When LED luminaires for 

general illumination are available, 

and the necessary information is 

properly provided in standard format, 

then lighting practitioners can 

consider selecting LED products for 

specific applications. 

Jeffrey D. Schwartz 

ICF Consulting, Albany, NY 

I am enjoying the November LD+A, 

devoted in large part to LEDs. I would 

have enjoyed it much more if there 

was a small advertisement for IESNA 

TM-16-05! TM16 is a great all-in-one 

publication that covers the history of 

the LED, efficacy issues, life issues, 

lumen maintenance issues, explains 

how they are made and even does 

some forecasting of where this “moving 

target” will be in the next five, 10 

and 15 years. The section on “three 

ways of making white light” even gives 

designers the advantages and disadvantages 

to each. The IESNA Light 

Sources Committee did a great job on 

this publication and I think it should be 

on every “lighting geek’s” shelf. 

Doug Paulin 

Packerland Lighting Sales, 

Egg Harbor, WI 

The article “Finally Blue” (LD+A, 

November) makes a one-sentence 

reference to FarLight, “...80 LED fixtures 

from FarLight, Wilmington, CA 

are used...” Unfortunately, it is not 

clear from the article that FarLight’s 

luminaires are completely different 

from the pictured Ledtronics’ 

“jelly jar.” FarLight’s luminaire, with 

unique toroidal non-imaging optic, 

was specifically designed for the 

Vincent Thomas Bridge project. We 

provided a 

high intensity 

f a n - s h a p e d 

beam light pattern 

with visibility 

up to 10 

miles using only five 

high brightness LEDs. We think that 

readers would have appreciated an 

explanation of distinction between 

two totally different LED luminaire 

design concepts, especially in an 

issue dedicated to LED lighting. 

Robert H. Tudhope 

FarLight LLC, Wilmington, CA 

PRESIDENT 

Alan L. Lewis, O.D., Ph.D., FIES 

The New England College of Optometry 

PAST PRESIDENT 

Craig A. Bernecker 

The Lighting Education Institute 

SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT 

(President-Elect) 

Kevin Flynn 

Kiku Obata & Company 

VP-EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES 

Ronald Gibbons, Ph.D. 

Virginia Tech Transportation Institute 

VP-TECHNICAL & RESEARCH 

Pekka Hakkarainen 

Lutron Electronics Co. Inc. 

VP-DESIGN & APPLICATION 

Joseph B. Murdoch, Ph.D., FIES 

University of New Hampshire (retired) 

VP-MEMBER ACTIVITIES 

Kimberly Szinger 

Stantec Consulting 

TREASURER 

Boyd Corbett 

S2C Incorporated 

EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT 

William Hanley, CAE 

IESNA 

DIRECTORS 

David A. Baum 

Holophane 

James Cyre 

Philips Lighting 

Terrance Kilbourne, LC 

TEC, Inc. 

Denis Lavoie, LC 

Lumec, Inc 

Russ Owens, LC 

West Coast Design Group 

RVP/DIRECTORS 

Craig Kohring 

mda engineering, inc. 

Thomas Tolen, LC 

TMT Associates 

2005-2006 

Board of Directors 

IESNA 

 

www.iesna.org

L E T T E R S 

A Second Look at the 

‘Vision Thing’ 

Brian Liebel raises two interesting 

points in his “Hot Button” column 

(LD+A, November). First, he asks, 

“Should we, as lighting professionals, 

use a different standard than 

optometrists” The answer is both 

no and yes, depending on what we, 

as lighting professionals, want to 

use the standard for. Where we are 

interested in the effect of lighting 

conditions on visual acuity then it 

would be madness to use any metric 

other than that used by optometrists. 

But when we are choosing 

a light source for application there 

are many other light source characteristics 

of interest, so it would then 

be madness to confine our considerations 

to visual acuity alone. 

Second, he avers that fine adjustments 

in vision at the threshold 

level impact reading speed and 

visual comfort for normal reading 

tasks. This is true up to a point, that 

point being where the target is three 

to four times larger than threshold, 

i.e. when it subtends three to 

four min arc at the eye. All I can 

say in response to his assertion 

is that in the study he references 

we measured the speed and accuracy 

of identifying the orientation of 

Landolt rings with gaps sized from 

1.5 min arc to 14 min arc. We certainly 

found the expected increase 

in reading speed with increasing 

gap size but we found no statistically 

significant effect of spectrallyenhanced 

lighting. 

If Brian wishes to claim that spectrally-enhanced 

lighting improves 

reading speed for print sizes used in 

practice, I suggest he makes some 

measurements of normal reading 

tasks done with and without spectrally-enhanced 

lighting at the same illuminance 

and publishes the results. As 

principle investigator for research in 

the field of spectrally-enhanced lighting 

for the U.S. Department of Energy, 

he is surely in a position to do so. 

Peter R. Boyce, Fellow, IESNA 

Canterbury, Kent, Great Britain 

Reflections of a Member 

Emeritus 

Fifty years of IESNA membership 

is not noteworthy in itself, requiring 

only living long enough and paying 

dues. During the years I did however 

come to love and embrace lighting, 

while lighting in turn enveloped me. 

Lighting sales provided my livelihood 

while lighting design offered 

me excitement. 

Lighting, IES and IALD with their 

cadres of design professionals earned 

their places along with architecture 

and AIA. First limited to New York and 

other major cities, lighting designers 

began to appear on projects of 

all types and sizes and in all locales. 

Lighting design moved away from a 

tradition wherein electrical engineers 

and architects just “did” the lighting 

design along with their other (and 

more important) design functions 

for which they had been trained. 

Two pioneers of lighting design 

exposed me to its limitless potential. 

Bill Lam and I first became 

acquainted when we represented 

his lighting manufacturing company, 

Lam, Inc. His approach to lighting 

design, independent of commercial 

influences, struck a chord 

with me—it just made sense. Claude 

Engle and I met while he worked 

in his father’s engineering firm in 

Washington, DC. He continues today 

to produce exceptional designs and 

has spawned a generation of awardwinning 

professionals. 

There have been times of disaffection 

with the IES—during the 1950s, 

‘60s and early ‘70s with the everescalating 

recommended levels of 

illuminance. The Society was publishing 

standards which were in turn 

supported and promoted shamelessly 

by the producers of lamps, 

lighting fixtures and electric power. 

As a salesman; I found myself out of 

step with my peers of the day. 

Someone at that time characterized 

IES as follows: “We cannot 

decide whether we are a professional 

society or an industry trade 

group.” That was then, this is now. 

Forty years later, we need only to 

compare current issues of LD+A 

with their predecessors of that period 

to recognize and respect our 

present level of collective maturity—as 

a Society, a profession and 

an industry. 

Dick Dunlop, Member Emeritus 

Chesapeake Lighting Associates 

Columbia, MD 

Clarification 

“Bringing the Great Outdoors 

Inside” (LD+A, September) noted 

that the Atlanta Area Council 

Boy Scouts of America Volunteer 

Service Center received a 2004 IIDA 

Award of Merit. That award went 

to designers Matthew Hartley and 

Sean McLendon. 

 

www.iesna.org

E X E C U T I V E V I C E P R E S I D E N T R E P O R T S 

While the fiduciary responsibility and policy decisions are clearly in 

the purview of the Board of Directors, I think it’s appropriate at this time to add a note about staff, those 

charged with the implementation of Society programs. 

Staff has been involved from the very beginning. On February 13, 1906, the secretary reported that 

“the services of Mr. George H. Guy had been secured to act as Corresponding Secretary of the Society for 

a period of six months.” Interestingly, Mr. Guy was a member (or at least listed as such), but he disappears 

from the 1908 roster of members. 

Staff needs a place in which to work. On November 

9, 1906, “a resolution was adopted authorizing the 

rental of a room [9 ft x 15 ft] for the Society headquarters 

[already, that word is used] at the Engineering Society 

Building [then located on 39th Street].“ The cost 

of rent was not to exceed $1.35 per sq ft. 

In 1907, the Council approved transferring the office 

to another room in the same building. Larger Louis 

B. Mark’s notes (or laments) that the office rent for 

Typical Office – Engineering Society Building, NYC, 1907 

1907 will be about $200.00. “It seems to members of 

the Council that was all we could afford to pay until our 

membership increases.” 

The chief staff officer is referred to as the General Secretary in the constitution approved in 1907; the 

duties of this position are sprinkled throughout the 1907 bylaws—“the General Secretary is to supply stationery 

to each Section“ and “is to receive from the Sections a monthly account of all expenditures in the 

preceeding month.” In 1907 the GS was charged to print membership certificates, the cost set at $1.00, 

that when dues were $5.00 per year. 

Louis B. Marks also announced at the Annual 

Meeting of the Society that Miss E. Westervelt was 

hired as assistant secretary in charge of the office. 

He goes on to note that her salary was to be $18.00 

(per month, I assume). Well, it was a small office. 

The Present 

The Society has been lucky over the years in securing 

a large number of competent staff. Some 

IESNA Office – United Engineering Center, NYC, 1961 

members certainly remember long term employees 

such as Ruby Redford, Lydia Bez, Cash Crouch, John Kaufmann and Al Leonard. 

I am very fortunate to have a number of long tenured professionals working with me. We know what 

has to be done and accomplish tasks with positive team spirit. The following groups current staff by department 

and notes the date of initial employment. While I hope it is of interest to you, it’s also a legacy 

to whomever considers the Society celebration of 2106. 

IESNA Office – 120 Wall Street, NYC (occupied since 1993) 

Rita Harrold (6/1/92) Director, Educational & Technical Activities 

Don Mennie (1/17/95) Technical Editor 

Nicole DeGirolamo (3/9/05) Assistant to Rita & Bill 

Bruce Sohl (9/10/90) Controller 

Irina Lantino-Stern (2/6/97)Bookkeeper/Assistant 

Albert Suen (8/28/89) Publication Sales Coordinator 

Bill Glazner (1/20/88) Data Processing Coordinator 

Valerie Landers (6/9/86) Director, Member Activities 

Christine Walther (4/5/99) Member Services Coordinator 

Joyce Edinboro (11/26/90) Receptionist 

Anastasia De Leon (5/6/05) Assistant 

Sue Foley (3/26/01) Marketing Manager 

Leslie Prestia (10/28/02) Assistant 

Paul Tarricone (3/3/03) Editor, LD+A 

John-Michael Kobes (11/6/00) Associate Editor 

Roslyn Lowe (4/14/86) Assistant Editor 

Samuel Fontanez (1/24/00) Art Director 

Petra Domingo (1/31/05) Associate Art Director 

Brigitte Houngbedji (7/24/00) Web Coordinator 

Chief Staff Officers: 1924-2006 

A partial list of those who have served as chief staff officers. 

Frank B. Horton, Executive Secretary, 1924 – 1944 

A. Dexter Hinckley, Managing Director, 1944 - 1967 

Paul Ringgold, EVP, 1967 – 1972 

Frank Coda, EVP, 1973 – 1981 

Rogers B. Finch, EVP, 1982 – 1987 

William Hanley, EVP, 1988 – Present 

WILLIAM HANLEY, 

CAE 

10 www.iesna.org 

January 2006 11

P R E S I D E N T ’ S P E R S P E C T I V E 

One of the more important 

goals I have for my term as president of the Society 

is to expand the perception of IESNA from that of 

an organization that is primarily focused on serving 

its members and the lighting industry to one 

which also is viewed as North America’s advocate 

for quality and efficient lighting. It is my strong belief 

that the primary reason that poor quality lighting 

continues to be so common is that there is little 

or no demand for a higher standard of practice by 

the ultimate end-user–the public. 

As members of the lighting industry, we have 

tended to define the end-users as those who purchase 

our products and services. When those 

purchasers are knowledgeable and committed 

to quality and efficiency, the resulting designs, 

applications and installations are typically outstanding 

examples of what can be accomplished 

when the latest technologies and products are 

employed to create spaces that are comfortable, 

effective and enjoyable. On the other hand, when 

those purchasers are either unknowledgeable 

(most) or uncaring (few), the outcomes can be 

absolutely terrible. Regrettably, this latter group 

is far larger than is the former and, without some 

incentive to change, it is unrealistic to expect a 

significant improvement in this state of affairs. 

Furthermore, this second group includes the millions 

of individuals who not only purchase billions 

of dollars of lighting products each year, 

but also who bear the burden of living with inadequate, 

uncomfortable, and inefficiently lighted 

environments. And it is with these individuals 

that we have the greatest opportunity to improve 

the state of lighting in North America. 

The View for the Few 

The traditional approaches to ensuring at least 

minimal standards of quality lighting are based 

on enacting lighting codes (mandatory) and recommended 

practices (voluntary). While each of 

these efforts has had some beneficial effect, most 

of us would agree that they have not brought us 

to the point where good lighting is the normally 

encountered situation. As an example, the move 

to promote the development of a Model Lighting 

Ordinance (MLO) is a recognition that we must 

resort to encouraging prescriptive legislation in 

order to improve the sorry state of much outdoor 

lighting. And while I am enough of a pragmatist 

The real solution to 

the problem of poor 

lighting quality is not 

legislation but rather 

public education 

to realize the benefits of this initiative, I am convinced 

that the real solution to the problem of 

poor lighting quality, for all environments, is not 

legislation but rather public education. 

The basic tenet of the public education approach 

to improving lighting quality is that individuals who 

can recognize bad lighting will demand a higher 

standard of practice of themselves and of those responsible 

for lighting public spaces. In this respect 

we are particularly fortunate because bad lighting 

is so prevalent and so easy to demonstrate. It isn’t 

necessary for us to initially address every aspect of 

quality lighting; it would be a major step forward 

if we could eliminate just the most egregious applications 

by providing the public with examples 

of lighting abuse and explaining how they degrade 

the environment. A problem cannot be solved until 

it is recognized by those with the incentive and the 

ability to correct it. 

12 www.iesna.org

P R E S I D E N T ’ S P E R S P E C T I V E 

A conventional public education campaign on 

a national scale would cost millions of dollars or 

pesos and is clearly beyond the means of IESNA. 

However, by partnering with other organizations 

and using the power of the Internet, a great deal 

can be accomplished. Where we have traditionally 

partnered with other professional and technical 

organizations, we now need to reach out to 

public advocacy groups who can carry our message 

of better lighting while serving their own 

constituencies. We can provide the expertise 

and the education while they provide the forum. 

The IESNA Committee on Lighting for the 

Aged and Partially Sighted has already shown 

leadership in this area by organizing an October 

event in Washington, DC, on lighting for seniors 

that was recognized by the White House Conference 

on Aging. At that meeting, opportunities 

for collaboration with, among others, the National 

Council on Aging, Shared Solutions and 

AARP were identified and will be pursued. Other 

initiatives are expected to be announced shortly. 

While these are small steps, they are a beginning 

and serve as an example of a new approach to 

getting out the message of quality lighting. 

IESNA has been extremely effective at bringing 

together the diverse and varied interests in the 

lighting industry. It is now time for us to go beyond 

talking among ourselves and to begin to educate 

the public about the benefits of quality lighting and 

the nature and costs of poor lighting. Only then will 

they demand an improved lighted environment. 

Alan Laird Lewis, O.D., Ph.D. 

FIESNA, IESNA President 

14 www.iesna.org

U P D AT E S 

Color Kinetics 

Covers China In Color 

Color Kinetics Inc. announced a series of newly completed installations in 

mainland China. Most recently completed was the LG Tower, a multi-million dollar 

construction by LG Building Development Co., Ltd., whose 460-ft towers are lit by 

more than 7600 ft of iColor Accent system. 

GRANDVIEW HOTEL 

Additionally, Color Kinetics’ systems have been 

used to illuminate a variety of hotels, business 

centers, restaurants and night clubs across China. 

According to the China Solid-State Lighting Alliance, 

China is the world’s second largest electricity-generating 

country, with 12 percent of its total electricity 

attributed to lighting. In 2004, the Chinese 

government selected solid-state lighting as one of 

10 programs in its next five-year plan to promote 

energy efficiency. The solid-state lighting program 

promotes the use of high-efficiency lighting systems in public facilities, hotels, 

shopping centers, office buildings, and sports venues, as well as in developing 

automated production facilities. 

“With continuing economic growth in the region, we’re seeing a major construction 

boom in business-centric cities like Shanghai, where the number of office buildings 

is significantly rising, and travel destinations like Macau, where massive casinos 

and hotels are in development,” said Bill Sims, president and CEO, Color Kinetics. 

“Moreover, with all the new construction planned for the 2008 Olympic Games and 

World Expo 2010, we view the Chinese market as a tremendous opportunity.” 

Air Force 

Lands SSL 

Security 

System 

Cyberlux Corporation has been selected 

to provide an advanced solid-state 

LED security lighting system for the U.S. 

Air Force Air Mobility Battlelab. 

The system, which illuminates an 

exterior boundary of 250 x 300 ft, will 

enable Air Force security forces to significantly 

increase security for Air Force 

assets, including aircraft on the ground. 

The company was selected in a competitive 

review process that included 

25 proposals from other companies to 

develop a lightweight, portable lighting 

system for both visible lighting and 

infrared lighting compatible with night 

vision goggles. The portable lighting 

system weighs less than 50 pounds, 

including batteries, so that it can easily 

be carried to remote locations and 

deployed quickly. The LED-based system 

can provide lighting for several 

days with a single battery charge. 

Dancing on the Ceiling 

As guests enter the lobby of Portugal’s Casino De Estoril, they are 

welcomed by the dazzling effects of LEDs. The reflection of the polished, 

black granite floor gives the impression of walking over a glass floor. 

Mundocolor Internacional, S.A. from Barcelona, Spain, provided the 

LEDs for the ceiling. 

Altman 

Lighting’s 

Smart Track lighting system was 

awarded 

Lighting/Architecture 

Product of the Year at the 2005 

Lighting Dimensions International 

(LDI) tradeshow and conference, 

Orlando, FL. Applications including 

retail stores, museums, churches, 

restaurants and night clubs. 

16 www.iesna.org

U P D AT E S 

LCA 

Publishes 

New White 

Paper Series 

The Lighting Controls Association 

(LCA), administered by the National 

Electrical Manufacturers Association 

(NEMA), has published a new series 

of white papers addressing a range 

of lighting and energy management 

issues. These white papers are available 

for free to building owners and 

managers, specifiers, contractors, 

distributors and other building professionals 

interested in energy efficiency 

and improving building value. 

“Energy Policy Act of 2005 

Encourages Energy-Efficient 

Lighting with Tax Deduction” 

This report provides a description 

of the new commercial buildings 

tax deduction created by the Energy 

Policy Act of 2005. This provision 

allows a deduction of up to $1.80 

per sq ft for energy-efficient building 

systems and up to $0.60 per sq ft for 

energy-efficient interior lighting. 

“Energy Policy Act of 2005 

Sets New Ballast Efficiency 

Standards” 

While new fluorescent ballast efficiency 

rules went into effect in April 

2005, another batch of rules has just 

been passed as part of the Energy 

Policy Act of 2005 that will affect 

lighting systems starting in 2009. This 

time, the efficacy standards have been 

set high enough that the vast majority 

of magnetic ballasts—including 

ballasts operating energy-saving T12 

lamps—will no longer comply. 

“New Technologies Set 

the Stage for Dramatic 

Expansion of Wireless 

Control” 

Wireless control is an emerging 

method for providing the benefits of 

lighting automation at theoretically a 

lower installed cost. This whitepaper 

details the low-power mesh-network 

protocols such as Z-Wave and, even 

newer, ZigBee, which enable batteryoperated 

controls, multi-vendor sys- 

LD+A January 2006 17

U P D AT E S 

tems, condition monitoring, a high 

degree of scalability and the potential 

for easier integration with other building 

systems such as HVAC. 

“California’s New Title 

24 Energy Code: Lighting 

Review & Commentary” 

In October 2005, California’s Title 

24 energy code went through the 

most dramatic update in 13 years. 

Considered the toughest energy code 

in the country, Title 24 not only has 

strict power limits for lighting, but 

now covers unconditioned spaces 

such as warehouses, daylighting in 

certain spaces, and light pollution and 

outdoor lighting. What’s more, Title 

24 now requires home builders to 

either provide manual-on, automaticoff 

occupancy sensors or high-efficiency 

(compact fluorescent) fixtures 

in a number of spaces. 

“2005 NEC Code Changes 

Impact Lighting Control 

Panels, Metal Halide 

Lighting” 

The NFPA recently published the 

2005 version of the NEC, the model 

electrical code that is enforceable 

in all states and municipalities that 

adopt it. Several provisions in the 

new Code affect lighting-including 

lighting control panels, metal halide 

fixtures, and disconnecting fluorescent 

fixtures prior to servicing. For 

more information on this series of 

white papers visit www.aboutlightingcontrols.org 

On Your Mark, 

Get Set…Glow 

In an effort to attract skiers 

and boost fan attendance, the 

Ishpeming ski club arranged for 

the Super Tour series at Michigan’s 

Suicide Hill to be held at night. 

Lighting the way were Technical 

Consumer Products (TCP) 27-W, 

180 series, compact fluorescent 

Springlamps with reflector covers. 

18 www.iesna.org

a 

fo 

e 

a 

a 

o 

a 

in 

U P D AT E S 

Just 

Published 

The latest title in teNeues’ Ultimate 

Concert Hall, Los Angeles, CA), Mario 

Botta, Jean Nouvel and OMA/Rem 

Koolhaas (three museums in Seoul, 

South Korea), and Richard Meier 

series—Ultimate Lighting Design by 

(Restaurant 66, New York, NY). 

Hervé Descottes—is a 528-page guide 

The hard-back book (ISBN 3-8327- 

that presents an illustrated overview 

9016-0) features 730-color photos and 

of projects that include concert halls, 

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a pollution control plant and urban 

landscapes in New York. 

Descottes uses the best technology 

available to reveal scope, space, 

and form, both in landscapes and 

in urban environments, and aims 

to do so in a way that achieves a 

functional, creative and environmental 

result. Descottes, an award-winning 

architectural lighting designer, 

founded the New York City design 

firm L’Observatoire International after 

eight years of design practice in Paris. 

He has collaborated with such architects 

as Frank Gehry (Walt Disney 

Spanish and Italian. For more information; 

e-mail sfensteneteneves-usa.com 

back issues of LD+A 

are now online 

www.iesna.org 

J 

P 

s 

H 

th 

o 

r 

N 

a 

la 


e n e r g y 

By Willard L. Warren a d v i s o r 

Top executives from 

some of the leading fixture 

manufacturers discuss 

the current state of 

the industry, as well future opportunities—and 

threats—in this Q&A 

roundtable. The panel includes David 

Feldman, president, Cooper Lighting; 

John K. Morgan, president and CEO 

of Acuity Brands Lighting; Larry 

Powers, CEO and chair of the Genlyte 

Group; and Michael Petras, vice president-electrical 

distribution and lighting, 

GE Consumer & Industrial. 

How has the lighting industry 

changed in the last decade What 

changes do you anticipate in the 

next decade 

Morgan: There has been an 

increase in professionalism in the 

lighting design community, especially 

with the advent of NCQLP certification. 

The associated training 

and education has manifested itself 

in the adoption of new technologies, 

especially in the area of optical 

design. In addition, new technology 

in manufacturing processes has 

allowed us to greatly improve the 

aesthetics of products. 

As training, education and certification 

continue to take hold, they 

will add a level of decisiveness, confidence 

and boldness to the design 

community, which will lead to more 

influence over the design of buildings 

and infrastructure. Manufacturers 

will continue to focus on profitability 

initiatives, and this will eventually 

allow more money to be plowed back 

into research and development. 

Powers: In the manufacturing sector, 

two factors have impacted the 

industry. First, while consolidation 

has been going on for the last 20 

years, during the last decade there 

has been substantially more consolidation. 

Four major players now 

represent over 60 percent of the 

lighting market. Second, offshore 

manufacturers have significantly 

expanded their position in the U.S. 

Decorative fixture manufacturing 

is now nearly 100 percent China 

based. Additionally, an increasing 

number of Chinese manufacturers 

are now directly, and through their 

own brands, selling in the North 

American market. Although a large 

number of small- to medium-size 

companies have been absorbed by 

larger organizations, an increasing 

number of newcomers have been 

added to the industry. The combination 

of ease of entry and evolving 

technologies is encouraging the 

launch of new lighting fixture manufacturing 

companies. 

Petras: We’ve seen some consolidation 

in the fixture industry, an 

increase in imports and an overall 

trend toward the globalization of 

lighting products. We’re also seeing 

an increased focus on energy 

regulations, including more aggressive 

energy efficiency standards 

and building energy codes, plus an 

increased environmental focus on 

materials and disposal. In the next 

10 years, we expect to see more integration 

of lighting controls within 

the broader context of energy management 

systems. We see greater 

opportunities in lighting services, 

such as energy and demand management, 

disposal, recycling and 

financial services. 

Feldman: During the last decade 

we saw continued development of 

energy-efficient products—and a 

continued lack of emphasis on adopting 

these products into our normal 

buying habits. Going forward there 

will be a continued focus on the use 

of more efficient products and there 

should be, considering the current 

energy situation, a greater embrace 

of their use. 

The industry has been criticized 

for emphasizing product “commoditization” 

and R&D directed toward 

making products more competitive. 

Have we invested enough in traditional 

R&D or in innovative manufacturing 

techniques 

Morgan: Industries are not commoditized, 

products are commoditized. 

It’s the nature of things that 

any truly successful product will 

become a commodity. This does 

not imply poor quality, it just means 

that something has found wide consumer 

acceptance and many alternatives 

exist. 

We are investing enough in R&D. If 

you look worldwide at the luminaire, 

ballast, lamp and controls manufacturers 

as a whole, the R&D investment 

is in the hundreds of millions of 

dollars. This investment is manifesting 

itself in some very interesting 

new products. We could do a better 

20 www.iesna.org

E N E R GY A D V I S O R 

job as an industry in coordinating 

how all this money is spent in basic 

research areas. 

Manufacturing is an area where 

we have made a great deal of progress. 

I see evidence of new and different 

technologies and processes 

being applied that allow us to design 

features that would not have been 

possible a few years ago. All over 

the world, there is great impact in 

the way plastics are being molded, 

electronics are being applied, and the 

way castings are being developed. 

New technologies in the manufacturing 

of optical quality glass are truly 

amazing. In addition, lean manufacturing 

principles are making a real 

difference. 

Petras: At GE, we are not only investing 

in the optimization of the design 

and manufacturing of existing product 

families, we also are creating “imagination 

breakthroughs” throughout 

the company. In lighting, for example, 

ceramic metal halide design and manufacturing 

processes are providing 

high-quality, energy-efficient solutions 

for applications ranging from retail to 

outdoor lighting. At the same time, we 

are also investing heavily in discrete 

and organic LEDs. 

Powers: Over the last two decades, 

downward price pressures have significantly 

lowered the purchase price 

of lighting fixtures. This is specifically 

true with respect to the mainstream 

Feldman: The lighting industry 

has tended towards commoditization 

because of the focus on first 

cost and the lack of knowledge that 

exists around the variety of products 

available. Left to their own devices 

most people will tend towards lowest 

price if they have no long term 

ownership incentive. With that in 

mind, in order to move away from 

the commodity as the choice, we 

need to make sure that we educate 

all constituents to the overall value 

that the products bring. 

As for R&D, many manufacturers 

are spending a sizeable amount of 

money in developments of new technologies 

around light source, ballasts, 

optics and materials that will 

help the overall lighting industry. It is 

always a balance between spending 

on future opportunities and current 

competitiveness, but the best companies 

tend to manage both. 

‘During the last decade we saw 

continued development of energyefficient 

products—and a continued lack 

of emphasis on adopting these products 

into our normal buying habits’-Feldman 

and “A” items. Although some of the 

price decreases have been as a result 

of product life cycle maturity and productivity 

improvement, a significant 

percentage of the reduction has been 

through lower margins as well. It is 

true that a very large percentage of 

investments in tooling and manufacturing 

facilities have been spent in 

cost reduction of mainstream products. 

But it is encouraging to note that 

over the last year or two, there have 

been new product introductions in the 

mainstream area that have focused 

on new products and innovations. 

Will LEDs replace some fluorescent, 

HID and incandescent sources 

Are these new “LED players” 

in the industry likely to change our 

traditional distribution system 

Powers: To what extent solid 

state lighting represents a disruptive 

change is subject to debate. To date, 

the advantages of LED lighting have 

been limited but clearly the best 

solution for a number of specific 

applications. For example, virtually 

all exit signs utilize LED sources. A 

large percentage of traffic lights have 

now been converted to LED sources. 

Virtually all cell phones, small handheld 

devices and other electronic 

equipments solely rely on LED. But 

when it comes to general illumination, 

the inherent advantages of LED 

have not represented a clear opportunity. 

For general illumination LED 

light sources are not as efficient or 

as comfortable, from a color rendering 

perspective, as other existing 

light sources. Solid state lighting 

efficiencies and other attributes will 

certainly improve and it may meet or 

exceed some of the best light source 

performances of today’s high efficiency 

products. But even then, the 

inherent limitations and application 

needs will most likely continue to 

rely on multiple light source solutions 

rather than just LED. 

January 2006 21


Morgan: As their lumen output 

continues to increase and costs 

continue to come down, and as we 

develop better techniques for dealing 

with the thermal characteristics 

of LEDs, they will replace traditional 

lamp sources. As for the role of “new 

players,” only those who add value 

to channels of distribution will drive 

change and remain in the equation. 

Petras: We are already seeing significant 

numbers of LED substitutions 

for more conventional lighting systems 

in signage and transportation. 

There remain, however, challenges 

to the replacement of existing mainstream 

lighting systems. As efficiencies 

increase and lumens per dollar 

improve, we will see more applications. 

OLEDs have further to go down 

the research and development path— 

although you can’t predict invention. 

We don’t think the new “LED players” 

will necessarily change our traditional 

distribution system, but they certainly 

will raise the bar. 

Feldman: LED and OLED technologies 

may be the wave of the future 

and could move into general lighting 

applications as an efficient source. 

If the current trends continue then 

LEDs will very quickly meet the dollars 

per lumen threshold for general 

use. Today they play an important 

but limited role in the marketplace. 

This role will continue to get bigger 

as issues around efficacy, color 

consistency, thermal management 

and cost are resolved. The Next 

Generation Lighting Initiative in the 

Energy Policy Act of 2005 will provide 

needed funding for progress on 

these sources. As for the change in 

distribution, most of the major players 

in the LED industry are aligned 

with a current light source supplier. If 

this continues going forward, industry 

structure should stay intact. 

Do you expect more offshore outsourcing 

of lighting components, or 

have other market factors like shipping 

costs, manufacturing innovations, 

etc., precluded that expansion 

22 www.iesna.org


Powers: As long as the significant 

wage discrepancy exists between 

North America and Asia, imports will 

continue to sharply increase. Those 

product categories that have high labor 

contents will continue to be sourced in 

Asia. Some of those categories, such 

as manufacturing of decorative products, 

have now completely ceased to 

exist in North America. 

At the same time, factors other than 

direct manufacturing labor costs will 

remain an obstacle to offshore manufacturing. 

Freight costs will continue 

to increase as a result of energy cost 

increases. Additionally, non-stocking 

projects and jobs with tight and fluctuating 

schedules will also remain 

unattractive to offshore imports. 

More recently, initiatives such as 

LEED, where emphasis is on broader 

environmental and sustainability 

issues, will also be a factor. Through 

LEED, emphasis on shipping from 

locations within a narrow geographical 

distance will persuade end-users 

to look upon other issues than just 

the initial low acquisition cost. 

Our company continues to produce 

a significant percentage of our 

products in our North American factories. 

We have been able to remain 

competitive, despite the significantly 

higher wage structure, through 

automation and substantial process 

improvements. 

Feldman: Where a product is produced 

will always be dictated around 

total competitiveness: quality, service 

and cost. Currently many products 

and components are produced 

outside the country into which they 

are sold based upon the expertise 

required for that specific product. 

‘We are investing enough in R&D. If you 

look worldwide at the luminaire, ballast, 

lamp and controls manufacturers as a 

whole, the R&D investment is in the 

hundreds of millions of dollars’-Morgan 

Conversely, many products will continue 

to be produced close to the point 

of sale because of shipping, handling 

and service issues. New technologies 

or processes will be based where the 

best center of expertise resides. 

Producing and selling product in 

countries other than U.S. has a benefit 

in that it exposes opportunities in 

technology and process that may not 

exist or be embraced in our current 

facilities or markets. 

Petras: Successful companies will 

continue to look for global sources 

of products and services that provide 

the most cost-effective solutions, 

assuming that quality, timeliness 

and other service- and performance-related 

attributes are not 

compromised. However, as we look 

at “game-changing” lighting innovations, 

it is also entirely possible 

that the tuning of products for customer 

needs may require integrated 

domestic efforts for the particular 

market being served. 

Morgan: Outsourcing will continue 

to increase. Products manufactured 

outside the U.S. have found 

favor with customers for a variety of 

reasons. Until that is no longer true, 

there will be offshore outsourcing. 

Do the energy codes offer opportunities 

for luminaire manufacturers to 

provide products and services of higher 

value that will gain a greater share 

of the total cost of construction 

Morgan: Not in and of themselves. 

The only thing that will allow lighting 

to obtain a larger share of the 

construction dollars is for the total 

lighting community to do a better 

job of educating building owners 

and occupants about the value and 

the benefits of effective lighting. 

Feldman: The energy codes, if 

enforced, open up opportunities for 

manufacturers to provide higher 

value products that have a lower 

overall cost of ownership. Lighting 

cost will continue to be a growing 

concern as we have more issues 

around overall energy usage. Many 

efforts have been made to educate 

people about the inherent savings in 

energy-efficient products but, until 

there is enforcement, the industry 

structure allows too much emphasis 

on initial purchase price as opposed 

to total cost of ownership. 

ASHRAE 90.1-2004, LEED version 

2.2, Title 24 and the International 

Dark-Sky Associations Model 

Lighting Ordinance all include further 

reductions in energy allowances 

January 2006 23


that will continue to move our industry 

to more efficient products. The 

Energy Policy Act of 2005 will also 

help give tangible incentives to move 

towards higher value, more efficient 

offerings. However the speed of 

change towards these products will 

be dependent on the structure and 

enforceability of the various codes 

adopted by the various state and 

regulatory bodies. 

Powers: The passage of the energy 

bill will support the industry from 

a number of perspectives, one of 

which is creating a higher national 

awareness of energy efficiency and 

its relationship to productivity. We 

believe higher standards combined 

with end user awareness will be of 

significant support in expanding 

the total lighting industry. Our best 

opportunity for a growing and healthier 

industry is reaching the end-user 

and educating them to the importance 

and impact of good lighting on 

their activities and businesses. 

Petras: As watts-per-sq ft levels 

are reduced, it will be the new 

lighting system solutions that will 

provide high-quality lighting. This 

means the integration of not only 

the most efficient light sources and 

ballasts, but also advanced materials, 

optical delivery techniques and 

integrated control systems. Today’s 

products will have a tough time 

meeting tomorrow’s needs. 

Willard L. Warren, PE, 

LC, Fellow IESNA, is 

the principal of Willard 

L. Warren Associates, a 

consulting firm serving industry, 

government and utility clients 

in lighting and energy conservation. 

24 www.iesna.org

G R E E N I D E A S 

Sustainability for the 

Next Century By Denise Fong 

even exist today. If the light sources 

don’t exist, the fixtures don’t exist 

either. Perhaps the materials to make 

the light fixtures don’t exist. Perhaps 

we will move from primarily steel and 

aluminum fixtures to a new synthetic 

ing on the level of activity on a particular 

day What if the network that 

controls the lights could also read 

power and gas meters, or track buses 

and inform people when the next bus 

will arrive at their stop 

ways to incorporate it Is it possible 

for every work space to have access 

to daylight 

How will reduced access to and 

availability of raw materials impact 

the lighting industry The most suc- 

then avoid disposal fees, continuing 

the cycle of savings. 

Companies that address cradle-tograve 

issues before the government 

requires compliance will be ahead 

of their competition. Wouldn’t it be 

material made from an agricultural 

Where will research take us 

cessful firms will be forward-think- 

great if the concept of waste was 

crop—something that could be com- 

And how will it impact our design 

ing companies that view recycling 

obsolete 100 years from now 

When presented with the prospect 

ronmentally compromised areas of 

posted at the end of its life instead 

Will we devise a methodology to 

and remanufacturing as benefits 

Will the lighting industry (manu- 

of writing a “green” column for the 

our country due to industrial pollu- 

of deposited in a landfill. What if fix- 

describe light in terms of how we see 

and not hardships imposed by gov- 

facturers, engineers, and design- 

100th Anniversary issue, there was 

tion. With the ground literally wiped 

tures were routinely remanufactured 

at night that is distinct from what we 

ernment. Companies that find ways 

ers) be leaders in the movement to 

a momentary panic. What could I 

“clean,” how will corporate America 

Perhaps someday buildings will truly 

use today I think this will be neces- 

to transform waste from another 

“green,” or will they merely be fol- 

possibly write that would reflect the 

rebuild (“Clean” is a relative term 

sary to make the next leap in energy 

industry into the raw materials they 

lowers Time will tell. I wish I could 

past 100 years and look forward to 

the next 100 

I imagine that this issue will be 

chock full of wonderful stories that 

reminisce about historic moments 

and changes in this industry. Not 

being old enough to look back very 

far (she said “tongue in cheek”), I 

decided to look forward. 

in this case, as the buildings may 

be gone but the pollution caused 

by some industries was spread as a 

result of the flooding.) 

When companies rebuild, will it be 

business as usual, looking at shortterm 

profit at the expense of local 

families who live near industrial 

plants that pass their pollution onto 

Wouldn’t it be 

great if the 

concept of waste 

was obsolete 100 

years from now 

efficiency and source control. 

Light AND VISIBILITY 

As our population ages, acknowledging 

that we see differently as we 

get older must be incorporated into 

a broader range of building types 

and site design. It’s not just the “old 

folk’s home” that needs more light. 

need will be in the forefront of their 

industry. Rather than perceive recycling 

as a cumbersome task, these 

companies will come out ahead by 

turning waste generated by other 

companies into a revenue stream. 

These third-party companies will 

be around in 100 years to find out. 

Denise Fong, IALD, LC, LEED®AP, 

is principal of Candela Lighting 

Design and Consulting, Seattle, 

WA. 

We’ve seen massive destruction 

others Or will decision makers step 

And is it really more light that is 

of the earth’s built environment with 

back and seek ways to build cleaner 

be wireless—including the lighting. 

necessary Perhaps what’s needed 

Hurricane Katrina, Hurricane Rita, 

plants with less waste and fewer 

(This may not be a comforting thought 

is better visibility, and we need to 

the Indian Ocean tsunami and the 

toxic by-products 

to electrical engineers reading this!) 

rethink what that is. It seems clear 

7.6 earthquake in Pakistan, not to 

Will those plants manufacture 

How will the lighting design com- 

that “better visibility” cannot be 

mention the war in Iraq and conflicts 

“green” materials Will they pay a 

munity respond to these changes 

defined by footcandles. 

in other places around the globe. 

living wage with decent health insur- 

For example, if you were tasked with 

How will we develop lighting 

Natural disasters can’t be prevented 

ance Will we look at the land and build 

designing the lighting for a city that 

designs that help people heal more 

and the power of Mother Nature can’t 

where buildings can be sustained, or 

was impacted by a major natural 

rapidly Recent studies indicate that 

be denied. Thousands of lives have 

rebuild in places that will again be 

disaster and there was no stock of 

access to daylight allows patients 

been lost and families destroyed, but 

susceptible to Mother Nature 

existing equipment to work around or 

to recover from surgery faster with 

the resilience of people is undeni- 

maintenance department entrenched 

fewer drugs and less reported pain. 

able. In fact, only weeks after Katrina 

Lighting Impacts 

in its “standards,” how would you 

“Green” health care facility design 

hit, individuals began coming for- 

Where does the lighting industry 

approach the design Could you 

can also be a powerful recruitment 

ward with ideas and dreams of how 

fit into this picture I see many chal- 

design an environment that was com- 

tool. For example, when a new hospi- 

to rebuild. 

lenges that only make this industry 

fortable and safe for people, inviting 

tal in Canada published an article in the 

While it’s difficult to think there 

more exciting to be a part of. 

and exciting, and still preserve views 

local newspaper about green features 

may be a silver lining in any of these 

When I compare the light sources 

of the stars Opportunities to address 

designed into the hospital, it received 

events, the opportunity to rebuild a 

available 100 years ago with what we 

light source control, color, distribu- 

unsolicited employment applications 

better, safer and more sustainable 

use today, and then project that same 

tion and intensity would all be viewed 

from all over the country. 

place is looking us right in the eye. 

rate of change into the next 100 years, 

from a fresh perspective. 

As we begin to understand day- 

Some of the areas destroyed by 

the only thing that seems certain is that 

What if you could customize the 

light and how it impacts our new 

Katrina were the poorest, most envi- 

the light sources of the future don’t 

lighting for different districts depend- 

spaces, will we find more effective 

26 www.iesna.org January 2006 27

Legacy Sponsors 

Cooper Lighting 

C 

ooper Lighting, a division of Cooper Industries, 

Ltd., is headquartered in Peachtree City, 

Georgia. The origins of Cooper Lighting 

date back to 1956 when the Halo Lighting Company, the 

pioneer in recessed and track lighting, was founded with the 

philosophy of manufacturing lighting fixtures which would 

be attractive, simple to install and easy to service. From the 

modest beginnings of a one-room facility with six product 

lines, Cooper Lighting has grown to numerous product lines 

and a position of international industry leader. 

Today, Cooper Lighting is a fast growing, responsive 

company utilizing intensive market research and innovative 

product development to manufacture high quality, versatile 

products, which give value to their customers. The company 

is the leading manufacturer of track and recessed lighting 

and one of the largest fixture manufacturers of incandescent, 

fluorescent, and H.I.D luminaires. Cooper Lighting is 

comprised of many strong brands including Halo, Metalux, 

Lumark, Sure-Lites, McGraw-Edison, Fail-Safe, Iris, Neoray, 

Corelite, Shaper, Lumiere, MWS, DLS, Invue, RSA, 

Streetworks and their newest brand, Ametrix. Cooper 

Lighting currently has expanded to eight domestic and four 

international manufacturing locations with a Customer First 

Center that provides centralized warehousing, state-of-theart 

distribution and customer service. 

In response to growing trends including sustainable 

design issues and changing energy legislation, Cooper 

Lighting introduced numerous new innovative products 

across 17 brands this year including a new line of 

asymmetrical indirect fixtures called Ametrix and an 

award-winning 3-circuit, hand-bendable, architectural 

flexible track system from Halo. 

In addition to the extensive rollout of new products, 

Cooper Lighting also offers a number of educational 

resources including Energy ReSOURCE, a dedicated 

team of professionals that track the most critical issues 

of legislation affecting the industry. Summaries are 

currently available on the company’s website, http://www. 

cooperlighting.com/content/source/energy_legislation. 

htm. In addition, the company headquarters is home to The 

SOURCE, a state-of-the-art education center offering CEU 

credited courses and services, educating over 5,000 students 

and professionals yearly. New classes being offered in 2006 

include: Maximizing Sustainability & Energy Efficiency for 

Industrial, Manufacturing, Warehouse & Exterior Spaces 

(Mar. 1-3); Maximizing Sustainability & Energy Efficiency 

for Retail & Hospitality Applications (May 17-19); and 

Maximizing Sustainability & Energy Efficiency in Schools, 

Offices & Healthcare Applications (Sept. 20-22). Visit 

the company website for the complete calendar of all the 

classes including the popular Lighting Fundamentals class. 

Lighting Fundamentals is available three times during the 

year (Feb. 15-17, June 14-16 and Dec. 6-8). This three-day 

seminar, which has been well attended for 15 years, is popular 

for new hires from many lighting related companies and is an 

excellent refresher course for industry professionals. 

Cooper Lighting’s heritage of strong brand identity and 

its reputation as a provider of high-quality luminaires has 

produced effective lighting solutions in the finest residential, 

retail, commercial, and institutional facilities worldwide. 

Cooper Lighting’s goal is to maintain their position as an 

industry leader by offering products that are founded on 

new energy-effective technologies that bring value to their 

customers and meet energy and environmental concerns of 

the community. 

To learn more, visit www.cooperlighting.com. 

January 2006 29

e s e a r c h 

M A T T E R S 

To help the IESNA “celebrate the past and imagine the future,” 

five scientists from the Lighting Research Center offer their perspectives 

on where lighting research is headed. John Bullough 

explores when to use lighting, not just how much; Yukio Akashi 

explains how research can help drive sustainable design; Mariana Figueiro 

notes that lighting’s impact goes beyond visible light; Conan O’Rourke looks 

at the future of fluorescent lighting; and John Van Derlofske says lighting for 

our roadways must convey meaningful information to drivers. 

From “How much” to 

In the century ahead, time will 

“When” 

matter in research and application. 

John D. Bullough 

Our increasingly brighter nighttime 

The IESNA has long produced sky, for example, reduces our ability 

guidelines for lighting in various 

applications, via its Lighting mining if and when to turn lights 

to understand our universe; deter- 

Handbook and recommended practices. 

Most recommendations focus important question. We know that 

off outdoors (curfews) will be an 

on the appropriate quantity of light morning light exposure has a different 

effect on the human circadian 

for buildings and roadways. Efforts 

to quantify the illumination necessary 

for visual performance filled the tical lighting. [6] Shrinking energy 

system than night exposure to iden- 

20th century. [1-3] Even with recent resources will make controls more 

efforts in lighting quality, recommendations 

still use numbers like lation. The IESNA must exercise 

significant in every lighting instal- 

luminance ratios. The 20th century wisdom in encouraging research to 

also taught us that not all footcandles 

are equivalent. Some lamps lighting is appropriate in the world 

study when, not only how much, 

outperform others for rendering colors; 

life illuminated entirely by low 

of the next century. 

pressure sodium, despite its efficacy, 

[4] would not be so enjoyable. Lighting 

Towards Sustainable 

Various color-related indices help us Yukio Akashi 

understand lighting better than if we In the last century, the effects of 

know only the quantity. Often, common 

expectations about appropri- 

were studied on the basis of bio- 

light levels on visual performance 

ate relationships between light and physics. Those studies established 

color can guide us, evidenced by the models in which visual performance 

Kruithof curve in today’s Handbook. for a given luminance contrast was 

More recently, we’ve learned how described as a plateau and an escarpment 

as a function of illuminance. [1] 

different lamps outdoors can impact 

peripheral visibility, even at the same IESNA’s illuminance recommendations 

are not determined by nighttime level. [5] 

visual 

performance alone, but rather are 

subject to many other forces. [7] Until 

fluorescent lamps replaced incandescents 

in the 1940s, practical 

illuminances tended to fall on the 

escarpment. Afterward, illuminances 

reached the plateau, where performance 

is less sensitive to changes in 

illuminance. Since then, illuminance 

standards have been affected by 

economic and energy concerns. 

Obviously, sustainable lighting 

will play a major role in the coming 

century. One way to facilitate this is 

to reduce illuminances for regular 

tasks without impairing visual performance. 

A recent demonstration study 

using a simple retrofit task-ambient 

lighting technique addressed 

this question. [8] This demonstration 

study reduced ambient illuminance 

by removing one lamp from every 

three-lamp fixture while maintaining 

task illuminance. This de-lamping 

resulted in a change in ambient illuminance 

from 550 lx to 350 lx. Workers 

accepted this illuminance reduction 

after a short period, although they 

initially did not prefer it. The same 

demonstration study suggested that 

the use of a lamp with relatively 

more short-wavelength components 

significantly helped maintain room 

brightness. Room brightness is an 

essential element of lighting quality, 

as many studies have suggested. [9] 

To further facilitate acceptance 

of sustainable lighting design for 

new construction and other applications, 

we must implement measures 

that enhance room brightness while 

30 www.iesna.org

R E S E A R C H M AT T E R S 

lowering illuminance. [10] Thus, the 

true measure of sustainable lighting 

might be showing that we can have 

the best of both worlds—that is, 

we can have acceptable brightness 

and lower illuminance. Research that 

bears this out could go a long way 

toward helping sustainable lighting 

gain widespread acceptance. 

Health and Well-being 

Mariana G. Figueiro 

Over the past century, much 

research has focused on understanding 

how lighting affects human 

health and well-being. Lewy et al. [11] 

began this trend with the discovery 

that bright white light ceased nighttime 

production of the hormone 

melatonin. More recently, a clearer 

understanding has emerged about 

light’s characteristics affecting the 

circadian system. These differ considerably 

from those affecting the 

visual system. [12-14] The discovery 

of a novel photoreceptor in the eye 

[15] 

was a breakthrough, and we now 

know that white (polychromatic) 

light is a relatively weaker circadian 

stimulus than blue (nearly monochromatic) 

light. [16-18] 

In the next century, we will need 

to understand better the temporal 

characteristics of light exposure and 

their effects on the circadian system. 

We will also need to quantify 

the magnitude of light’s effects on 

the circadian system in different 

contexts. We must translate findings 

from animal models to humans 

appropriately, and we must better 

understand the robustness of light’s 

effect on the human circadian system 

in environments where light 

is applied. We have found robust, 

positive effects of light on sleep 

quality and rest/activity rhythms in 

some populations (e.g., older adults 

[19] 

, Alzheimer’s disease patients [20] 

and premature infants. [21] ) However, 

it is not completely clear how light 

affects others. The effects of electric 

light on farmers, for example, 

will likely differ from those on computer-aided 

draftspersons. We must 

understand the contextual effects 

of light before anyone can judge 

how light impacts human health and 

well-being. 

Fluorescent Technology 

Conan O’Rourke 

The last 100 years encompasses 

the entire history of fluorescent 

lamps, as it does for most light 

sources. Fluorescent lamps have 

come to dominate many commercial 

and industrial applications. 

In the late 1930s fluorescent lamps 

became a viable commercial product 

available in daylight, white, gold, 

red, blue, pink and green, and had a 

rated life of 1500 hours. They came 

in tubular shapes (1 and 1 1/2 in. 

diameters) and in lengths of 18 to 

36 in. The daylight and white lamps 

had efficacies of 30 to 35 lumens per 

watt. [22] 

Over the years there have been 

advancements in all aspects of lamp 

design. Today, fluorescent lamps are 

offered in many shapes and sizes. 

Lamp diameters have decreased 

January 2006 31


(T2, T4, T5); other diameters (T9, 

T10, T17) are being explored. Lamp 

shapes have changed dramatically. 

They started out as linear shapes, 

then “U” and circular shapes were 

added. When compact fluorescent 

lamps were introduced, the number 

of lamp shapes grew. This is 

where the most change is seen 

today. Fluorescent lamps last longer, 

extended by improvements 

in electrode and emissive coating 

design, as well as optimization of the 

amounts and types of gases used in 

the lamps. Today we see rated lamp 

lives exceeding 30,000 hours. 

Recently, the lamp industry has 

felt pressure to be more environmentally 

conscious. Fluorescent 

lamp manufacturers felt this directly, 

due to the mercury in their lamps. 

This has led to lamps containing 

lower amounts of mercury. 

Looking forward, advances in fluorescent 

technology will be affected 

by manufacturers’ continued pressure 

to increase performance while 

minimizing environmental impacts. 

These pressures will change the fluorescent 

lamp of today into the lamp 

of tomorrow. Advances in electrode 

coatings, mercury-free gas fill and 

electrodeless lamps will likely find 

their way into commercially available 

products over the next century. 

Lighting for Information 

on Roadways 

John Van Derlofske 

Visibility elements are critical in 

roadway transportation, whether 

fixed street lighting, vehicle lighting, 

markings, signs or signals. Much 

research over the past century has 

focused on the visibility of these 

elements; after all, one can’t read a 

sign one can’t see. However, of equal 

importance is the visual information 

that is provided. A sign that is 

clearly visible but unreadable is of 

little use. 

Conveying accurate information 

about the risk drivers face at any 

moment is vital. The model of risk 

homeostasis theory (RHT), a model 

of driver behavior that is contentious 

to some, [23] states that a driver’s 

actual risk is strongly correlated to 

the perceived risk, and that behavior 

32 www.iesna.org


changes to match perceived risk. [24] 

For example, a driver might speed 

up on a well-lit roadway to keep the 

level of risk constant, thus negating 

any potential safety benefits from 

the lighting. However, if perceived 

risk is poorly correlated with actual 

risk, accidents may increase or traffic 

flow may be reduced. [25] A fundamental 

goal for engineering is not 

necessarily just to improve visibility, 

but rather to increase the correlation 

between actual and perceived 

risk. Critics of RHT are still willing to 

accept that changes in driver behavior 

are the result of changes in perceived 

risk. [23] Therefore, reducing 

errors in perceived risk is still a valid 

approach, regardless of the validity 

of RHT. 

As we move into the future, 

emphasis will be increasingly placed 

on making roadways safer while 

using fewer resources. Technology 

such as intelligent transportation 

systems and advanced forwardlighting 

systems may enable this 

to occur, [26, 27] but not in the old 

paradigm of visibility alone. A new 

engineering approach will have to 

treat roadway visibility as a system 

of interacting elements and optimize 

it to provide meaningful information. 

The next century of research in 

roadway transportation lighting will 

focus squarely on this issue. 

References 

1. Rea MS, Ouellette MJ. 1991. LR&T 

23:139. 

2. Weston HC. 1945. The Relationship 

Between Illumination and Visual 

Efficiency. London: HMSO. 

3. Blackwell HR. 1959. IE 54:317. 

4. Rea MS, Bullough JD. 2004. LD+A 

34(9):51. 

5. He Y et al. 1997. JIES 26:125. 

6. Figueiro MG. 2003. LD+A 33(2):17. 

7. Boyce PR. 1996. JIES 25:41. 

8. Akashi Y, Boyce PR. [in press]. 

Energy Build. 

9. Veitch, JA, Newsham, GR. 1998. 

JIES 27:107. 

10. Akashi Y. 2003. LD+A 33(7):12. 

11. Lewy AJ et al. 1980. Science 

210:1267. 

12. Rea MS et al. 2002. LR&T 34:177. 

13. Brainard GC et al. 2001. J. 

Neurosci. 21:6405. 

14. Thapan K et al. 2001. J. Physiol. 

535:261. 

15. Berson DM et al. 2002. Science 

295:1070. 

16. Figueiro MG et al. 2004. 

NeuroReport 15:313. 

17. Rea MS et al. [in press]. Brain 

Res. Rev. 

18. Figueiro MG et al. 2005. 

Neuroendocrinol. Lett. 26. 

19. Figueiro MG. Rea MS. 2005. Proc. 

CIE Midterm Mtg (May 18-21). 

20. Van Someren EJW et al. 1997. 

Biol. Psychiatry 41: 955. 

21. Rivkees SA et al. 2004. Pediatrics 

113:833. 

22. Cleaver OP et al. 1938. Trans. IES 

33:918. 

23. Robertson, LS, Pless IB. 2002. Br. 

Med. J. 324:1151. 

24. Wilde G. 1994. Target Risk. 

Toronto: PDE Publications. 

25. Rea MS. 2003. Lighting for 

Information. Presentation at FHWA 

Roundtable Mtg., August 19, 

Washington. 

26. ITS America. 2002. Intelligent 

Transport Systems and the Future. 

www.itsa.org 

27. Hamm M. 2001. PAL 2001, 8:368. 

John Bullough is a lighting scientist 

and adjunct assistant 

professor. Research includes 

psychological and biological 

effects of light and transportation 

lighting. 

Yukio Akashi is a senior research 

scientist and adjunct assistant 


human factors in energy-efficient 

lighting, security lighting, 

and transportation lighting. 

Mariana Figueiro is a program 

director and adjunct assistant 


photobiology, human factors, 

and energy-efficient lighting. 

Conan O’Rourke is a technical 

director and director of 

the National Lighting Product 

Information Program (NLPIP). 

Research includes energyefficient 

lighting and product 

testing. 

John Van Derlofske is a senior 

research scientist, research 

assistant professor, and head 

of transportation lighting. 

Research includes brightness 

perception and mesopic visual 

benefits of headlamps. 

Upper, left to right: John Van Derlofske, 

Yukio Akashi, John Bullough. Lower, left to 

right: Mariana Figueiro, Conan O’Rourke. 

January 2006 33


GE 

T 

he IESNA was founded by visionary 

leaders who foresaw both the need 

and the opportunity to bring together 

those who would shape the future of lighting in North 

America. In the same way, General Electric company was 

founded and developed by visionaries who dreamed of a 

better way of life, driven by technology and innovation. 

It was in 1876, the centennial of America, that 

Thomas Alva Edison opened a new laboratory in Menlo 

Park, New Jersey, where new electrical devices would 

originate. It was here that perhaps Edison’s greatest 

invention – the first practical incandescent lamp – was 

made. This source of light fueled his vision for lighting 

the world, and became the cornerstone for the Edison 

General Electric Company. Of course, a source of light 

needs an electrical distribution system. In 1882, Edison 

started operating the Pearl Street Station, the first central 

generating station to light New York City. 

General Electric Company was formed in 1892 with 

the consolidation of the Thomson-Houston and the Edison 

General Electric Companies. And the stream of inventions 

and technical advancements are a tribute to the ingenuity 

and dedication of teams of people and the leaders who have 

provided the direction and opportunities for growth. GE is 

proud of its heritage in lighting, having provided key patents 

in every major light source family. 

Starting with the incandescent lamp, innovation has 

been the foundation of our past and the key to our future. 

Throughout the company, “imagination breakthroughs”— 

innovative “game-changers”—promise to dramatically 

impact not only our business, but also the way we all live. 

From jet engines to power generation, financial services 

to plastics, and medical imaging to news and information, 

GE employees worldwide are dedicated to turning 

imaginative ideas into leading products and services that 

help solve some of the world’s toughest problems. GE’s 

ecomaginationsm commitment is providing a new and 

exciting way to think about GREEN. Ecomagination 

focuses our imagination and capabilities on addressing 

today’s environmental challenges and developing 

tomorrow’s solutions. GE is doubling Green R&D 

investment to $1.5 billion by 2010, and is introducing 

more ecomagination products each year. 

Thomas Edison’s inventive spirit continues to guide our 

performance in everything we pursue. This rich tradition of 

progressive thinking has not only made General Electric the 

company it is today, but it will also provide the foundation 

for the way we work for decades to come. 

January 2006 35

CA R E E R S & H I R I N G 

Portrait of 

the Perfect 

Candidate 

By Paul Pompeo 

As IESNA enters its second century, 

let’s look into our crystal ball 

and try to envision the make-up of 

the “perfect” job candidate within 

the lighting industry. 

“The ideal candidates require a 

combination of strong technical capabilities 

and superior ‘soft’ skills, including 

high creativity, excellent project 

management skills and solid business 

acumen,” says Michelle Barbarone, 

human resources manager for 

Advance. “Successful candidates also 

need to demonstrate an ability to think 

beyond the product, market or industry 

at hand...almost looking at their 

market from the ‘outside in’ rather 

than from the ‘inside out.’” 

Larry Miller, senior vice president 

of human resources with Acuity 

Brands Lighting, says he looks “for 

creativity, a bias toward risk-taking 

and work/life balance.” Miller adds, 

“The paradigms have changed. Top 

employees must be individually 

resourceful and know how to function 

on teams. They must have intuitive 

judgment, but also be fact-based 

decision makers. They never maintain 

the status quo, but seek continuous 

improvement. They work ‘on’ the 

business, not ‘in’ the business.” 

With that as a framework, let’s 

look at some of the ingredients in 

our recipe for the perfect candidate 

of the future. 

Education 

Education is more than just classroom 

learning and degrees, say several 

industry veterans. “Our business 

is very technical and requires 

individuals who can ‘think on their 

feet,’ “ says Jon Memsic, director 

of national accounts and regional 

sales vice president for Holophane. 

“They need the ability and desire to 

learn new computer programs, as 

well as complete complex lighting 

design layouts for the consulting 

engineers.” 

Terry Fraser, general manager 

with Thomas Lighting, adds that his 

company “is looking for candidates 

with a college degree and a background 

that includes participation in 

extra-curricular activities that exhibit 

leadership and public speaking competencies. 

I think the biggest issue 

facing candidates today is desire 

for continuing education. We’re not 

looking to hire people who think that 

now that they’ve completed their 

formal education, they can forget 

about further educational pursuits. 

We look for candidates that want 

to increase their formal education, 

whether through an extended major, 

or an M.B.A., as well as striving for 

industry related credentials.” 

Chris Tedesco of Prisma Architectural 

Lighting adds that “receiving technical 

training on topics such as ASHRAE/ 

IESNA 90.1, Title 24, and LEED standards 

and qualifications, as well as 

understanding the newest emerging 

sources and optical technologies 

will be extremely important.” Finally, 

Paresh Shah, a respected professional 

in the lighting design community, 

stresses the importance of the LC. 

“Lighting professional certification will 

be a great plus.” 

Lighting Design 

Design, along with engineering, 

is really the straw that stirs the drink 

in the lighting industry. Not surprisingly, 

experts say the skill set 

E.M. Forster once said, ‘One person with 

passion is better than 40 people merely 

interested’ 

must blend the twin pillars of lighting—art 

and science. Jim Benya, 

principal with Benya Design, argues 

that “candidates must combine a 

practical education in lighting technology, 

computer methods, design 

and design production skills, and 

develop a grounding philosophy in 

design approach. To date, our higher 

education programs lack the ability 

to teach design—something we 

must learn to do to generate the candidates 

we need [for the future].” 

David Orgish, senior lighting 

designer with Peter & Myer Design 

Collaborative, says aspiring designers 

should be equally facile in dealing with 

36 www.iesna.org


both technical and creative issues. 

“Lighting design has changed dramatically 

in the past 15 years. As lighting 

design has gained prominence as 

a specialty, the focus of many entrylevel 

candidates has shifted toward 

technical competence. This has led, 

somewhat indirectly, to a decrease in 

the creative or compositionally driven 

considerations that are inherent in 

a successful lighting design project. 

In that regard, the perfect candidate 

would be someone who not only possesses 

the technical skills to work 

with the fundamentals of light, but 

someone who possesses the creative 

abilities to compose with the medium 

in a visually dynamic way.” 

John Nadon, business unit brand 

manager with Zumtobel Staff Lighting 

Inc., discusses a personal career path 

that could serve as a model for other 

designers. “I am spoiled in that I got 

the best start possible in design, and 

I look for a similar background in 

designers. I studied theater design 

and specialized in lighting design 

based on nothing more than my own 

interest. I loved playing with light, 

and the more I played the more I 

learned. I realized off-the-shelf products 

wouldn’t do everything I needed. 

I got to hand-make lighting fixtures 

to solve lighting problems. I worked 

also during summers for an electrical 

contractor.” 

Nadon recommends that designers 

embrace the idea of sales. “While 

I loved the design part, doing sales 

as well as design lets you see the 

practical issues that architects, interior 

designers and contractors face. 

You see that just thinking in lighting 

design terms is simply not enough.” 

While technical skill and artistic 

flair are paramount, Shah says 

designers shouldn’t underestimate 

the importance of a global network 

of personal contacts. “Design is now 

more of an international process 

than it has ever been. The ‘skunk 

works’ concept still applies, but now 

it is worldwide! A designer needs 

to have national and international 

January 2006 37


sources in terms of contacts—particularly 

suppliers and vendors of 

components used for the design of 

a product.” 

Lighting Systems 

One growth area in the industry 

has been lighting systems, as products 

get integrated and automation 

becomes a more frequent part of a 

lighting (and building) package. Over 

the last decade, new technology has 

enabled the development of these 

“smart” products. Jim Sekinger, 

director of business development, 

digital systems for Advance, feels 

this has “increasingly required end 

users to consider the entire system in 

place rather than just its components 

(e.g., ballasts, lamps, fixtures, controls, 

etc). As the market continues 

to embrace and drive such initiatives 

as LEED, smart buildings and other 

comprehensive approaches to energy 

efficiency and sustainability, company 

representatives will need to be 

knowledgeable in systems, as well as 

in their own specific product lines.” 

Passion 

E.M. Forster once said, “One person 

with passion is better than 40 

people merely interested.” Ralph 

Waldo Emerson said, “Enthusiasm 

is one of the most powerful engines 

of success. When you do a thing, do 

it with all your might. Put your whole 

soul into it. Stamp it with your own 

personality. Be active, be energetic 

and faithful, and you will accomplish 

your object. Nothing great was ever 

achieved without enthusiasm.” 

The last ingredient in our recipe 

for the perfect lighting candidate of 

the future may seem like an intangible, 

but passion is a critical characteristic, 

according to many industry 

leaders. “I am not big on credentials 

but rather on individuals who are 

passionate about lighting and understand 

the value that good lighting 

brings to everyone’s life,” says Larry 

Powers, president/CEO of Genlyte 

Group. “We need people who want 

to learn all there is to learn about 

good lighting and then be able to 

teach and sell what they know to 

others. Our industry has become 

too focused on price and we need to 

focus more on quality and innovation. 

If we can find individuals who 

are enthusiastic about what they do 

they will generally be successful.” 

Prisma’s Tedesco says he “recently 

had a conversation with a CEO of a 

well known European lighting manufacturer. 

His recipe for success is, ‘In 

business, as in life, one must have 

passion, patience and perseverance 

when striving for their goals.’ He felt 

that success is inevitable—it’s only a 

matter of time. I thought about this 

for a moment and agreed completely. 

Of the three ingredients, the first, 

passion, is probably the most important—and 

valuable—for employer 

and employee, alike. This passion 

should be held for one’s organization, 

for the product and service that 

this organization delivers, and most 

importantly for the specific responsibility 

that the individual is charged 

with. In sales, this is the ‘aura’ left 

behind long after a salesperson 

leaves a client’s office; it is the lingering 

impression of the individual as 

well as the product and organization 

that he or she represents.” 

The question is, how do you apply 

passion to what you are doing right 

now If you’re in a position in lighting 

where you don’t feel that passion, 

seek a different position within 

your company. If there is nothing 

within your company that fires that 

enthusiasm in you, then change 

companies. If you cannot find it in 

lighting, then change industries. The 

superior candidates of the future will 

possess a genuine enthusiasm—not 

a pseudo “rah-rah” attitude but a 

true passion—for what they do. In 

the years ahead, the axiom “successful 

people do what they love” 

will never be more true. 

Paul Pompeo is principal 

with The Pompeo 

Group in Albuquerque, 

NM, a leading executive 

recruiting firm in the lighting 

and electrical industry. Pompeo 

spent 16 years with Search West 

Inc. before starting his own firm 

in March of 2003. In 2004 he 

became the president of the 

IESNA/Rio Grande section (New 

Mexico). He can be reached at 

paul@pompeo.com or www. 

pompeo.com 

Make your 

VOICE 

HEARD! 

Join an IESNA 

committee: 

Fax (212) 248-5017 

38 www.iesna.org


Holophane 

I 

n 1898, Otis Mygatt founded the Holophane 

Company in New York City, buying the 

original optical glass patents from Prof. Andre 

Blondel and Spiridion Psaroudaki. The name Holophane is 

derived from two Greek words, holos, meaning “whole or 

entire,” and phanein, meaning “to appear.” Thus the word 

“holophane” was defined as “to appear entirely shining.” 

In 1905, the general manager of Holophane, Van Rensselaer 

Lansingh, collaborated with Louis B. Marks in the founding 

of the IES in the Holophane offices in NYC. Several of the 

charter members were Holophane employees, including Prof. 

Andre Blondel. Lansingh became the first treasurer, later 

general secretary, and then president of the Society. At least five 

presidents of the IES have been Holophane employees. 

The company’s glass manufacturing facilities were 

established in Newark, Ohio, in 1900, and the early prismatic 

glass pieces were used to control gas mantles, carbon lamps, 

gas burners, and acetylene and oil lamps. Early refractors were 

used for gas streetlights, while reflectors were used in interior 

applications to enhance the efficiency of the gas mantles. 

During the early 1900s, Holophane engineers developed 

the initial method to measure both light intensity and 

distribution at one of the first photometric laboratories in the 

country, showcasing the famous Dibden photometer, the only 

one in the US with such a large range of capacity. 

By 1910, Holophane reflectors had become so popular 

that lamp manufacturers adopted the practice of advertising 

Holophane reflectors on every lamp carton and recommending 

their use with tungsten lamps. A company booklet dated 1918 

specifies the goals of street lighting: “To provide safety from 

collision, safety from attack, and convenience in recognizing the 

passer-by.” These goals were achieved by utilizing the company’s 

refractors, “giving highly efficient results.” 

Since its founding Holophane has innovated a myriad 

of innovative new products. Among them were significant 

industry firsts, such as: WallpackTM, cobrahead refractor, 

glass fluorescent lens, 2 X 4 injection molded fluorescent lens, 

integrally ballasted industrial luminaire, direct/indirect HID 

unit for industrial and retail, high-mast luminaire, high-mast 

lowering device, off-highway luminaire, UL listed hazardous 

area lighting, low-brightness efficient fluorescent lens, 

Equivalent Spherical Illumination lens, innovative specialty 

lighting for food processing and automobile paint inspection, 

high-wattage continuously dimmable HID electronic ballast, 

and thermal management system for T5 lamps. 

During WWII the company was awarded an Army/Navy 

“E” award for developing a signaling lens for the Navy that 

transmitted light in a frequency invisible to the human eye. 

In 1973 Holophane began designing and manufacturing its 

own HID Electromagnetic ballasts providing full lamp output, 

low watts loss and improved thermal characteristics for its own 

luminaires. The combination of borosilicate glass, optical design 

expertise, high performance ballasts, innovative product leadership 

and its own employee sales force has given Holophane a successful, 

highly respected position in the lighting marketplace. 

Some of the prestigious installations utilizing the company’s 

products include: Westminster Abbey, NBC Radio City 

Studios (the first inbuilt lighting in a ceiling), US House of 

Representatives and Senate assembly areas, Olympic Ice 

Hockey Stadium in Lake Placid, Queen Elizabeth Way in 

Ontario, Notre Dame Athletic Convocation Center, Boeing 747 

assembly facility, Newark Airport (NJ), San Francisco Airport, 

Dames Point Bridge in Jacksonville, Koin Tower in Portland, 

State Street in Chicago, The Embarcadero in San Francisco, 

street lighting for the Atlanta Olympics, and millions of other 

indoor, outdoor, and specialty lighting projects worldwide. 

Holophane Company became part of what is now Acuity 

Brands Inc. in July 1999. 

January 2006 41

C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T 


E. Leavenworth Elliott 

‘Five years ago it was almost impossible for a 

consulting illuminating engineer to get into an 

architect’s office’ 

Van Rensselaer Lansingh 

Louis B. Marks 

Edward L. Nichols 

John W. Lieb 

Walter D’Arcy Ryan 

‘It has been Proposed to form a 

College of New York and at Cornell, 

Louis Bell at Dartmouth and 

Van Rensselaer Lansingh at the 

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 

They had among the best 

of the technical educations that 

could be acquired in the U.S. at 

the end of the 19 th century. 

For many, their entry into busi- 

century, many major American 

cities were in the midst of a construction 

boom that would transform 

urban skylines and many 

industries—lighting among them. 

1900-1905 

Lighting in the five years just 

before the founding of the Illu- 

duced improvements that had 

fueled the see-saw of dominance 

for 20 years. It was not clear at 

the time what would become 

the dominant form of “artificial 

light” and the question of the 

most efficacious and economical 

source was far from settled. But 

as competitive as other forms 

Society...’ 

ness and professional practice 

was marked by the Panic of 1893 

and the serious economic de- 

minating Engineering Society 

was provided by technologies as 

varied as would ever be avail- 

of lighting were, incandescent 

electric lighting was growing 

the fastest. In 1905, 40 million 

pression that followed. Sparked 

able. Depending on locale, con- 

incandescent lamps were sold in 

by a run on treasury gold and 

struction and availability, any of 

the U.S., and the total spent on 

By David DiLaura 

Lighting’s preeminent historian describes how 

visionaries, risk takers, practitioners, academics 

and businessmen banded together in 1905-06 

to create the IES 

the failure of the Philadelphia 

and Reading Railroad, there was 

wide-spread panic. Bank failures 

resulted, followed by other 

railroad bankruptcies and stock 

price collapses. The resulting 

these lighting sources might be 

found in use: 

• 

• 

• 

Kerosene lighting 

Gas lighting 

Incandescent gas lighting 

with mantles 

electric lighting for the year was 

greater than $120 million. 

This state of lighting technology 

meant that the men involved 

in lighting needed to have a command 

of and experience with a 

economic depression lasted more 

• 

Arc lighting 

wide range of technologies. 

than five years; it was by far the 

• 

Flame-arc lighting 

At the turn of the 20 th century, 

Most of the men who were 

the organizers, founders 

and early members 

of the Illuminating Engineering 

Society were born as the American 

Civil War was ending, or not 

long after. Their parents raised 

families in a society transformed 

by war. Most of the men involved 

came from Northern families 

and so with the post-war prosperity 

were able to obtain good 

educations. Louis B. Marks, for 

example, was educated at City 

most serious financial crisis to 

have hit the U.S. up to that time, 

and the lighting industry was not 

above this turmoil. 

But recovery began near the 

end of the decade. One mark of 

this was the increase in construction 

activity. By the turn of the 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Incandescent electric lighting 

Moore tube discharge lighting 

Cooper-Hewitt mercury-vapor 

discharge lighting 

Acetylene lighting 

The competition between gas 

lighting and electric incandescent 

lighting was fierce and pro- 

electricity was provided by socalled 

central stations: buildings 

housing dynamos powered by 

steam engines and the necessary 

gear to control the electric power. 

Central stations owned the wiring 

that distributed the electric power 

and sold the final electric applianc- 




Company and its licensees made 

the refractive glass globes that 

had become widely used and 

critically important to electric 

lighting. Metal reflectors made 

by companies such as the Federal 

Electric Company, Benjamin 

Electric Manufacturing Company, 

and I. P. Frink, were even 

more widely used. A few men 

tion devoted exclusively to lighting. 

Both groups had been distracted 

by the tremendous growth 

in their industries—growth in areas 

other than lighting—and lighting 

was not getting leadership 

from either organization. A bellwether 

of this was the inability of 

either group to agree on a single 

standard of luminous intensity to 

be used in photometry. 

The most difficult question discussed that 

evening was the matter of the organization’s 

name. Not everyone was convinced that it 

should contain the word ‘engineer’ 

es to customers that used the electricity. 

The first central station in 

the U.S. was built in San Francisco 

in 1879 and powered the Brush arclighting 

system. Companies owned 

central stations and were usually 

given an exclusive license by 

a manufacturer of lighting equipment 

for a territory. Lamps were 

not purchased from manufacturers; 

they were not available from 

retailers or wholesalers. Lamps 

were sold by the major lamp manufacturers 

almost exclusively to central 

station operators. 

The group that founded the Society 

and helped it flourish consisted 

of men from five areas of 

lighting. The men who operated 

central stations and those who 

worked for the lamp manufacturers 

constituted two groups of professionals 

involved in lighting. 

Gas companies had been shocked 

into renovating their product and 

service as the competition from 

electric lighting grew. The men of 

these companies formed a third, 

entirely separate group involved in 

lighting. 

A fourth group was those that 

worked for the many companies 

that manufactured lighting appliances. 

The Holophane Glass 

from companies that made combination 

fixtures—a gas burner 

and a socket for an incandescent 

lamp—were also involved. 

The fifth and certainly smallest 

group was consultants and 

designers of lighting systems, 

academics and other scientists. 

Not surprisingly, these were 

among the most instrumental in 

founding the Society. The most 

prominent men in this group 

were Louis Marks, Louis Bell, 

Norman Macbeth, Clayton Sharp 

and Herbert Ives. 

The professional societies most 

having to do with lighting at that 

time were the American Institute 

of Electrical Engineers and the 

American Gas Light Association. 

In many ways their inattention to 

lighting prompted the perceived 

need for a professional organiza- 

First Meeting and 

Officers 

In October of 1905, Louis Marks, 

then an independent consultant, 

contacted his colleague Van Rensselaer 

Lansingh at the Holophane 

Glass Company about forming a 

new society devoted to lighting. 

Their conversations eventually 

included E. Leavenworth Elliott 

who was about to begin publishing 

what he called “a technical 

journal devoted to the use of artificial 

light,” The Illuminating Engineer. 

They wanted to determine 

whether there was enough interest 

to form such a society, and so 

from Lansingh’s Holophane office 

the three issued the following letter 

to about 30 men in New York 

City and the surrounding area 

that they knew were interested in 

lighting. Responses were to be directed 

to Marks. 

227 Fulton Street. 

New York, December 13, 1905. 

Dear Sir:- 

It has been proposed to form 

a Society of Illuminating Engineers, 

composed of those people 

44 www.iesna.org


who are especially interested 

in the question of light and its 

distribution. For this purpose, 

the undersigned have asked a 

number of those most prominently 

interested in such questions 

to meet at the Hotel Astor, 

44th Street and Broadway, this 

city, on Thursday evening, December 

21, at 6:30 o’clock, to 

talk over the formation of such a 

society and to discuss whatever 

is necessary to accomplish this 

purpose. We trust you will be 

able to attend this meeting and 

would ask that you kindly let Mr. 

L. B. Marks, 202 Broadway, New 

York City, know beforehand so 

that arrangements for an informal 

dinner may be made. The 

price of this dinner will be $1.00 

each. 

Trusting that we may have the 

pleasure of meeting you at that 

time, we are, 

Very truly yours, 

L. B. Marks, 

E. Leavenworth Elliott, 

Van Rensselaer Lansingh. 

P.S.-The dinner will be purely 

informal and business suits will 

be in order. 

Among the list of those contacted 

were Prof. Charles P. Matthews; 

Prof. Edward L. Nichols; 

Proctor Dougherty; Albert Spies; 

John W. Lieb; and W.D. Weaver. 

Charles P. Matthews was teaching 

at Purdue University and was 

very active in photometry, having 

developed one of the first flux 

integrators. He had published extensively 

on lighting topics and 

his interest in a new organization 

would have been natural. 

Prof. Edward L. Nichols had 

been one of Marks’ instructors 

while he was at Cornell University 

earning his master’s degree. 

He was a nationally recognized 

leader in physics and an important 

figure in electrical engineering 

and lighting. His status 

and influence made him an obvious 

person to invite. Though 

Nichols was unable to attend the 

meeting, he was enthusiastic. 

Lansingh knew Proctor Dougherty 

from his days at MIT and 

Dougherty’s connection with the 

federal government must have 

been considered promising. 

The response from Albert Spies, 

editor of The Electrical Age, was 

measured but supportive. 

At the time of Mark’s invitation, 

John W. Lieb was an important 

veteran of electric incandescent 

lighting, president of the 

American Institute of Electrical 

Engineers, the most famous central 

station engineer in the lighting 

industry and immensely influential. 

He would become vice 

president and general manager 

of the New York Edison Company. 

Lieb had been sent to Milan, 

Italy, to oversee the technical 

aspects of establishing Edison 

Central Stations. Lieb stayed 10 

years, becoming well known 

throughout Europe. He returned 

in 1894 to work in the New York 

Edison Company. Lieb was enthusiastic 

but was aware of potential 

political problems. 

The response from W.D. Weaver, 

editor of Electrical Word, was 

considerably more measured and 

reserved than any other; arguing 

that it was premature to form a 

new organization, and describing 

several political problems that 

would likely arise should a new 

organization be formed. Weaver 

predicted a turf war between the 

American Institute of Electrical 

Engineers and any new organization 

that promoted the idea 

that specialists should be doing 

the lighting work that was then 

be done by electrical engineers. 

As it happened, though his letter 

stated he would not be able to attend, 

he did attend—indicating 

perhaps the importance of the 

development. 

Twenty-five men gathered at 

the Astor Hotel in response to the 

invitation of Marks, Elliott and 

Lansingh. At that meeting, called 

to order by Lansingh, Marks’s 

position as instigator and leader 

was recognized and he was 

elected as temporary chairman. 

Elliott was elected to serve as 

temporary secretary. This later 

appointment was fortunate, for 

the details about this and subsequent 

meetings appeared in 

Elliott’s The Illuminating Engineer. 

Marks stated that the purpose 

of the meeting should be to 

determine the object of the pro- 



posed society and its relation to 

what he referred to as “its sister 

institution, the American Institute 

of Electrical Engineers.” 

That there was a need for a 

new organization appears to 

have been obvious to all present. 

Three of the response letters that 

Marks received talked of a movement 

to establish illuminating 

engineering. The “Illuminating 

Engineering Movement” would 

soon become something that 

professionals discussed and later 

historians recognized. Work that 

was clearly recognized as illuminating 

engineering—separate 

from electrical engineering—was 

growing and all indications were 

that growth would be maintained. 

W. D’Arcy Ryan, one of 

the meeting’s attendees, stated: 

“Five years ago it was almost 

impossible for a consulting 

illuminating engineer to 

get into an architect’s office. 

Three years ago the work had 

increased to such an extent 

that I was obliged to drop all 

other work and follow illuminating 

engineering exclusively. 

I have now six assistant engineers 

and every one of us is 

on the go...” 

The most difficult question discussed 

that evening was the matter 

of the organization’s name. 

Not everyone was convinced that 

it should contain the word “engineer”—the 

thought being that it 

was elite and would antagonize 

the American Institute of Electrical 

Engineers. Elliott and Otis 

Mygatt, founder of the Holophane 

Glass Company, argued that 

part of the purpose of the new 

organization was to further the 

movement to establish lighting 

specialists—illuminating engineers—and 

the name of the organization 

should reflect that. 

The meeting ended with all 

present agreeing that a Committee 

on Organization, consisting 

of seven of those present, would 

draft a constitution and by-laws 

and propose a name for the new 

organization. Evidently, everyone 

involved considered the matter of 

establishing a new organization 

appropriate and timely, not needing 

a great deal of research: the 

committee was to have its report 

ready in two weeks and the next 

meeting was scheduled to take 

place at that time. 

On Wednesday evening, January 

10, 1906, at the Hotel Astor, 

another meeting was convened 

“to complete the formation of a 

society devoted to the Science 

and Art of Illumination.” The 

report of the Committee on Organization 

was read and adopted 

without change. The contents 

had evidently been vetted 

by many interested parties and 

changes made before the meeting. 

Officers were then elected: 

L.B. Marks president, A.A. Pope 

and C.H. Sharp vice presidents, 

V.R. Lansingh treasurer and 

E.L. Elliott secretary. Tellingly, 

Marks was elected by acclamation, 

while the other offices had 

several candidates and required 

balloting. In addition to officers, 

a board of managers was also 

elected: W.D. Weaver, A.H. Elliott. 

W.S. Kellogg, E.C. Brown, 

F.N. Olcott and W. D’Arcy Ryan. 

The meeting ended with the 

agreement that the next meeting 

would take place on Tuesday 

evening, February 13, again at 

the Astor Hotel. 

First Meeting, 

First Year 

The meeting scheduled for February 

13, 1906 took place at the 

Hotel Astor and was the first full 

technical meeting of the Illuminating 

Engineering Society. In 

the intervening month, more than 

150 members were enrolled in the 

new organization, and interest in 

establishing branches in other 

American cities was immediate. 

At this meeting L.B. Marks delivered 

his presidential address, 

46 www.iesna.org


outlining “the present state of 

the science and art of illumination,” 

the scope of the new Society, 

its aims and objects, and 

the relation of the new society 

to other organizations. Marks 

summary of the present state of 

lighting focused on two issues: 

the problem of discomfort glare 

and providing better value for 

the consumer’s dollar. On discomfort 

glare he noted that: 

“Though much attention 

has recently been given to 

the subject of globes, shades 

and reflectors, the fact still remains 

that unshaded or inadequately 

shaded lamps are the 

rule rather than the exception. 

In considering the present status 

of the science and art of 

illumination there is perhaps 

no question that is in need of 

more immediate attention 

than this one. The practice 

of placing lights of excessive 

intrinsic brightness within 

the ordinary field of vision is 

so common as to cause great 

apprehension among those 

who have studied the question 

from a physiological point of 

view that our eyesight is suffering 

permanent injury.” 

Marks had done research with 

current U.S. Census Reports, 

Union Carbide (Acetylene) and 

Standard Oil, and listed the following 

consumer costs of lighting 

for 1905: 

• 

• 

Electric light $120 million 

Coal and water gas $40 million 

• 

• 

• 

Natural gas $1.7 million 

Acetylene $2.5 million 

Oil $60 million 

The total, about $220 million, 

was probably an underestimate. 

About the scope of the society, 

Marks noted that: 

“The term ‘engineering,’ as 

used in the name of this Society, 

unless viewed in its broad 

sense, is to a certain extent a 

misnomer, as the Society will 

deal with some phases of illumination 

that may not properly 

be said to come within the 

distinct field of engineering, 

such for instance as the physiological 

side of the question. 

The Society will be interested 

in every phase of the subject 

of illumination whether from 

an engineering point of view 

or otherwise, and will throw 

its doors quite as wide open to 

the layman as to the professional. 

It will not, however, 

deal with questions relating 

to the production or distribution 

of the energy from which 

the light produced.” 

The discussion of Marks presidential 

address was long and 

detailed. Those present included 

representatives from all sectors 

of the lighting industry: electric 

and gas suppliers, equipment 

manufacturers, consultants and 

academics. Enthusiasm arose 

from every corner. The meeting 

and its participants drew the 

attention of the press. The following 

morning an editorial ap- 

peared in the New York Tribune 

entitled The Art of Lighting. 

On January 28, 1907, the headquarters 

was moved from the 

temporary space that had been 

provided by the Holophane Glass 

Company, to an office in the Engineering 

Societies’ Building, 

at 29 West 39th Street. The first 

annual meeting was held on 

January 7, 1907. By then the organization 

had established itself 

nationally, with sections in New 

England, Chicago, Pittsburgh, 

Philadelphia and New York. 

Membership stood at 815 at the 

time of that first anniversary 

meeting and the first year’s budget 

had been $4000. 

The Society began publishing 

immediately. Volume 1, Number 

1 of the Transactions of the Illuminating 

Engineering Society 

appeared in February 1906. In 

the 11 months of its first publication 

year, the Society printed 

more than 400 pages of technical 

presentations and discussions 

dealing with all aspects of 

lighting. It has done so continuously 

for 100 years. 

About the Author: David L. 

DiLaura, Fellow IESNA (Member 

1968), has taught illuminating engineering 

at the University of Colorado, 

Boulder, for more than 20 

years. His development of mathematical procedures 

and lighting software programs—used universally 

by manufacturers and designers—laid the groundwork 

for lighting software used today. Prof. DiLaura 

recently published a translation of Johann Heinrich 

Lambert’s “Photometria” and is author of the new 

book, A History of Light and Lighting. A past IESNA 

Medal recipient, he also serves as the editor of LEU- 

KOS, the online journal of the IESNA. 



Osram Sylvania 

O 

SRAM SYLVANIA, the North American 

subsidiary of OSRAM GmbH that 

manufactures SYLVANIA branded lamps, 

ballasts, precision materials and components, had its 

beginnings in the early 1900s. In 1901 in Middleton, 

Mass., Frank A. Poor purchased a half-interest in Merritt 

Manufacturing Company, a small firm that refilled burnedout 

light bulbs. Later, Poor bought out his partner and 

moved the plant to Danvers, Mass., changing the name of 

the company to Bay State Lamp Company. 

In 1909, Poor formed Hygrade Lamp Company to sell 

new incandescent lamps made by Bay State. Hygrade was 

producing nearly 3,000 units a day by 1911. 

Meanwhile, Novelty Incandescent Lamp Company had 

been organized in 1905 in St. Marys and Emporium, Pa., 

which attracted the attention of General Motors. General 

Motors purchased control of Novelty in 1910 and hired 

Bernard G. Erskine to head the operation. 

By 1916, Hygrade in Massachusetts had discontinued 

filling burned-out lamps, and moved to larger quarters in 

Salem, Mass. where new light bulb production reached 

11,000 per day. 

In 1922, Erskine and two partners bought the Novelty 

Lamp Company from GM and created the Nilco Lamp 

Works. Lamp production was located at the St. Marys, 

Pa., plant. In 1924, Nilco formed the Sylvania Products 

Co. to enter the radio tube field. Hygrade also began 

manufacturing radio tubes in 1929 in Salem, Mass. 

In 1931, Nilco, Sylvania and Hygrade merged to 

form Hygrade Sylvania Corporation. The new firm’s two 

plants were soon producing 90,000 lamps and 50,000 

radio tubes each day. 

By 1932, the first research on fluorescent lamps had 

been started. The end of the decade saw the advent of the 

first linear fluorescent lamps. The new lamp was a major 

breakthrough in lighting technology, producing much 

more lumens per watt and lasting much longer than the 

incandescent lamp. Public interest grew when the fluorescent 

was first exhibited at the 1939 New York World’s Fair. 

Unfortunately, no lighting fixtures were commercially 

available for the new light source. In 1940, Sylvania opened 

the world’s first fluorescent fixture plant in Ipswich, Mass. A 

year later, in Danvers, Mass., the company opened what was 

then the world’s largest fluorescent lamp factory. 

In 1949, Sylvania Canada Limited was launched with 

the establishment of a head office in Montreal, Quebec and 

a fluorescent plant in Drummondville, Quèbec. 

After World War II, Sylvania Electric was acquired 

in 1959 by General Telephone, who wanted a strong 

manufacturing subsidiary to fuel the expansion of the 

telephone business. 

In 1971, the company’s name was changed to GTE 

Sylvania Incorporated. Its parent, General Telephone & 

Electronics Corporation, reorganized its manufacturing 

operations into five worldwide business groups. GTE 

Electrical Products was formed in 1980 and Lighting 

became part of that group. 

In early 1993, OSRAM GmbH purchased GTE’s North 

American lighting and related precision materials operations 

and OSRAM SYLVANIA was formed. From its humble 

beginnings in 1901, the company, headquartered in Danvers, 

Mass., has been transformed into a truly international 

enterprise and become a worldwide supplier of lamps, 

ballasts, and precision materials. 

January 2006 49

I E S : A H I S T O RY 


Mission 

The IESNA seeks to improve 

the lighted environment 

by bringing together those 

with lighting knowledge 

and by translating that 

knowledge into actions that 

benefit the public. 

VIsion 

The IESNA will build upon 

a century of excellence to 

create the premier lighting 

community dedicated 

to promoting the art and 

science of lighting to its 

members, allied professional 

organizations and 

the public. 

Collaboration 

IESNA regularly works with other organizations, including: 

• American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Air-Conditioning Engineers 

International Association of Lighting Designer 

International Association of Lighting Management Companies 

International Dark-Sky Association 

Lighting Research Center 

Lighting Research Office 

National Council on Qualifications for the 

Lighting Professions 

• 

National Electrical Contractors Association 

In collaboration with these organizations, the Society develops 

publications and other programs for lighting professionals. 

KEY Figures 

Individual Members: 8,873 

Corporate Members: 349 

Founded: January 10, 1906 

Periodicals: 

Lighting Design + Application (LD+A) 

LEUKOS, The Journal of the 

Illuminating Engineering Society 

Regions and Sections 

IESNA is comprised of 124 sections, including 26 student sec- 

‘Clean 

Sweepers’ 

Louis 

Like most professional associations, IESNA bestows a 

Q 

A 

number of awards for both technical achievement and service 

to the Society. The IESNA “Big 4,” as they are sometimes 

called, are the Medal Award; the Louis B. Marks Award; the 

Distinguished Service Award; and Fellow Designation. 

4 

Can you name the only six individuals in the 100-year 

history of the IESNA to receive all four awards 

Charles Amick (1975, 1995, 1985, 1955) 

Howard Brandston (1999, 2005, 1985, 1983) 

Ian Lewin (1997, 2003, 1992, 1978) 

Joseph Murdoch (2004, 2002, 1988, 1979) 

Stephen Squillace (1985, 2000, 1984, 1975) 

George Taylor (1971, 1987, 1969, 1953) 

IES Presidents 

1906-1930 

B. Marks 1906 

Clayton H. Sharp 1907 

Louis Bell 1908 

William H. Gartley 1909 

E.P. Hyde 1910 

A.E. Kennelly 1911 

Van Rensselaer Lansingh 1912 

Preston S. Millar 1913 

Charles O. Bond 1914 

A.S. McAllister 1914-1915 

Charles P. Steinmetz 1915-1916 

William J. Serrill 1916-1917 

G.H. Stickney 1917-1918 

George A. Hoadley 1918-1919 

S.E. Doane 1919-1920 

George H. Harries 1920-1921 

George S. Crampton 1921-1922 

Ward Harrison 1922-1923 

C.L. Law 1923-1924 

E.C. Crittenden 1924-1925 

M. Luckiesh 1925 -1926 

H.H. Higbie 1926-1927 

Norman Macbeth 1927-1928 

tions, within 10 regions throughout North America. 

M.C. Huse 1928-1929 

The years indicate receipt of the Medal, Marks, DSA and Fellow Awards, 

respectively. 

H.H. Magdsick 1929-1930 

IESNA retrospective 





Fifty-three years separated publication of the First Edition 

of the IES Lighting Handbook in 1947 and the most recent 

version, the Ninth Edition, published in 2000. More 

than 100 contributing specialists—engineers, architects, physicists, 

decorators, artists and ophthalmologists—offered their 

expertise to the First Edition. Three times that number were 

involved by the time of the Ninth Edition. 

Indeed, the evolution of the Handbook reflects the changes that 

have taken place in the lighting profession. The initial emphasis 

on “quantity” (in the form of recommended illuminances) has 

information and of time-tested application techniques is recognized 

as the best foundation for future advancement. It is conceived 

by the Society that this Handbook will provide its readers 

with the essential information required in their daily work...” 

—Robert W. McKinley 

2000—The Editor Writes... 

“Many of us believe that the ninth edition 

of the IESNA Lighting Handbook represents 

a watershed in lighting practice. 


1930-1955 

W.F. Little 1930-1931 

Julius Daniels 1931-1932 

J.W. Barker 1932-1933 

J.L. Stair 1933-1934 

A.L. Powell 1934-1935 

L.A.S Wood 1935-1936 

given way to a philosophical shift toward “quality.” 

Over the past 20 years there has been a 

G.B. Regar 1936-1937 

Quantity 

What follows is a look back at what the editor of the First Edition 

(Robert W. McKinley) and the editor of the Ninth Edition 

(Mark S. Rea) had to say in the respective Prefaces to the Handbook 

about the effort they had just spearheaded. 

1947—The Editor Writes... 

“Through the years since 1906, the Illuminating Engineering 

Society has been publishing the findings of the leaders in the 

fields of lighting application and research. In addition to the 41 

movement in lighting practice from illuminating 

engineering to lighting design, 

a movement from calculations of illuminance 

to judgments of aesthetics, a movement 

from quantity to quality. For the first time, the IESNA has, 

through this edition, formalized recommendations of lighting 

quality, reflecting this movement in lighting practice. 

“These formal recommendations are provided in a matrix 

entitled the IESNA Lighting Design Guide. The Guide includes 

H.B. Dates 1937-1938 

D.W. Atwater 1938-1939 

L.H. Graves 1939-1940 

A.D. Cameron 1940-1941 

Willard Brown 1941-1942 

R. B. Brown, Jr. 1942-1943 

Howard M. Sharp 1943-1944 

S.B. Williams 1944-1945 

& Quality 

T h e I E S N A H a n d b o o k 

volumes of its journal, the I.E.S. Film, and the many lighting installation 

data sheets, pamphlets and books prepared under its 

sponsorship, there is today so much excellent literature on lighting 

published by others that it has become exceedingly difficult 

to keep abreast of advancement along the ever-expanding lighting 

horizon. For one person to collect and digest the findings of 

the past half-century of progress would require a life-time of 

research. Nevertheless, an understanding of the basic technical 

recommendations on important lighting design criteria such 

as eye-source-task geometry, flicker, color, and glare. They are 

provided alongside the traditional recommendations of illuminance 

for a wide variety of applications. The intent of the Guide 

is to broaden the perspective of lighting practitioners and to direct 

them to specify higher quality lighting...” 

—Mark S. Rea 

A.F. Wakefield 1945-1946 

G.K. Hardacre 1946-1947 

R.W. Staud 1947-1948 

L.E. Tayler 1948-1949 

C.H. Goddard 1949-1950 

Walter Sturrock 1950-1951 

S.G. Hibben 1951-1952 

E.M. Strong 1952-1953 

A.H. Manwaring 1953-1954 

D.M. Jones 1954-1955 

THE YEAR WAS 

1906 

An earthquake and fire 

destroy San Francisco 

on April 18, killing 530 

and causing $350 million 

worth of damage. 

Congress adopts the 

Preservation of American 

Antiquities Act, designed 

primarily to protect historic 

sites for posterity. 

President Theodore 

Roosevelt is awarded 

The Nobel Peace Prize. 

Women’s rights pioneer 

Susan B. Anthony and 

painter Paul Cezanne die. 





Regions 

Canadian Region 

Bluenose 

Fiddlehead 

Montreal 

National Captial 

Northumberland 

Toronto 

Winnipeg 

Carleton University 

Northeastern Region 

Central New York 

Down East 

Long Island 

Mid-Hudson Valley 

Mohawk Hudson 

New England 

New Jersey 

New York 

Rhode Island 

Western New England 

Rensselaer Polytechnic 

Institute 

University of Hartford 

University of New Hampshire 

East Central Region 

Blue Ridge 

Capital 

Lehigh Valley 

Maryland 

& Sections 

Philadelphia 

Susquehanna 

Tidewater Virginia 

Virginia 

Drexel University 

Penn State Universtity 

Great Lakes Region 

Buckeye 

Cleveland 

Indiana 

Miami Valley 

Michigan 

Ohio Valley 

Pittsburgh 

Rochester 

Summit City 

Toledo Area 

Western Michigan 

Western New York 

Eastern Michigan University 

Indiana University 

Kent State University 

University of Michigan 

Midwest Region 

Blackhawk 

Central Kansas 

Chicago 

Great Plains 

Flint Hills 

Heart Of America 

Iowa 

Madison 

Milwaukee 

St. Louis 

Twin Cities 

Kansas State University 

Milwaukee School of 

Engineering 

So. Illinois University 

University of Illinois 

University of Kansas 

University of Minnesota 

University of Wisconsin at 

Stevens Point 

Northwest Region 

British Columbia 

Chinook 

Northern Gateway 

Northern Lights 

Oregon 

Puget Sound 

Vancouver Island 

University of Oregon 

Southern Region 

East Carolina 

Georgia 

Greater Triad 

Mid-South 

Palmetto 

Piedmont 

Smoky Mountain 

Tar Heel 

Tennessee Valley 

NC A&T University 

Southeastern Region 

Alabama 

Central Florida 

Gulf Coast 

Intracostal 

Mississippi 

Northeast Florida 

Puerto Rico 

Southeast Florida 

West Florida 

Auburn University 

South Pacific 

Coast Region 

Arizona 

Southern Arizona 

Golden Gate 

Hawaii 

Inland Empire 

Las Vegas 

Los Angeles 

Mission 

Mother Lode 

Orange 

San Diego 

Sierra Nevada 

Utah 

University of Southern Cal. 

Southwestern Region 

Alamo 

Arkansas 

Central Oklahoma 

Mexico 

New Orleans 

North Texas 

Rio Grande 

Rocky Mountain 

San Jacinto 

Texas Capital 

West Texas 

Texas A&M University 

Texas Christian University 

Universidad Nacional 

Autonoma 

University of Colorado 

University of Houston 

University of Texas at Austin 

Italics Denote Student Chapter 


1955-1980 

R.F. Hartenstein 1955-1956 

M.N. Waterman 1956-1957 

K.M. Reid 1957-1958 

George J. Taylor 1958-1959 

J.B. Browder 1959-1960 

R.G. Slauer 1960-1961 

J.R. Chambers 1961-1962 

G.F. Dean 1962-1963 

J.D. Mitchell 1963-1964 

Charles L. Amick 1964-1965 

W.P. Lowell, Jr. 1965-1966 

C.C. Keller 1966-1967 

A.S. Tylor 1967-1968 

John J. Neidhart 1968-1969 

R.M. Zabel 1969-1970 

T. Llew Cordle 1970-1971 

J.W. Griffith 1971-1972 

Robert T. Dorsey 1972-1973 

G.W. Clark 1973-1974 

George H. Cornish 1974-1975 

Kurt Franck 1975-1976 

Carl J. Long 1976-1977 

David H. Patterson 1977-1978 

Will S. Fisher 1978-1979 

John E. Flynn 1979-1980 

Traian Vuia, Romanian inventor, 

builds the world’s first selfpropelled 

heavier-than-air aircraft. 

The 1906 Ford Model N, 

America’s most popular 

car, sells for $500. 

Supreme Court 

Justice William 

Brennan is born. 

Renowned architect 

Stanford White is killed 

by New York playboy 

Harry K. Thaw. 

The muffuletta 

(sandwich) is 

invented in New 

Orleans. 

Mark Twain writes 

What Is Man 





The International 

Illumination Design Awards 

program turns 33 in 2006. 

A look at how we got here 

On the Way To THE 

IIDA 

Projects are submitted; judges meet; projects advance 

through the Section, Region and International levels; designers 

are feted at the IESNA conference luncheon; and 

their work is featured in LD+A. It all runs like clockwork, right 

Today, perhaps the answer is yes. But the journey to this point has 

been half the fun. Here’s at glimpse at how the Society’s earlier 

award programs spawned the IIDA. 

The Lighting Competition 

• 

• 

The Society’s official awards competition until 1973. 

Projects are evaluated against each other, rather than judged 

on their own merits. The competition begins losing prestige 

and fails to attract significant project submissions. 

• 

A rival program emerges, as the New York Section of the IESNA 

creates the Lumen Awards in 1968. The Lumens are meant to 

recognize the designer, rather than the project. First-year recipients 

include Jules Fisher, David Mintz and Lesley Wheel. 

By 1971, the Lumens warrant 12 pages of coverage in LD+A. 

Lighting Design Awards 

• 

The Lighting Design Awards replace the Lighting Competition 

in 1974. The announcement is made by the IES Lighting 

Competition Committee in the February 1973 issue of LD+A. 

• The new program is not a “competition”; rather it offers the 

chance to celebrate a designer’s submission. In addition, owners 

of the installation are to receive awards, as well. 

• 

At the heart of the new program is a three-part design criteria 

(design, problem/solution and contribution to the lighting 

art) to which the nominator must relate the installation 

in question. 

• 

The entry form includes a daunting 25 questions related to 

the above three criteria. In an analysis of the new program in 

LD+A, June 1974, entitled, “The LDA program-some patience 

please,” editor Chuck Beardsley writes “much of the difficulty 

this year can be attributed to a failure to answer adequately 

the 25 criteria questions—if at all. In fact, many nominators 

submitted a script and disregarded the criteria entirely. This 

approach was acceptable under the rules of the old IES Lighting 

Competition but misses the point of the new program...” 

• 

The program is implemented at the Section, Region and International 

levels, while awards of Distinction, Excellence and 

Merit are given—the basic framework still in use today. 

• 

The first year of the Lighting Design Awards results in 71 

nominations from 26 sections; 21 submissions advance for 

final judging. 

• 

Designers Ralph Hopkinson and Newton Watson become the 

first Award of Distinction recipients for their lighting of the 

London Stock Exchange. 

IIDA 

• 

reflect the “international character of the program.” 

• 

The Lighting Design Awards are recast in 1984 as the IIDAs to 

The new name also removes any confusion about the magazine’s 

role in the prior LDA program. As Beardsley wrote in 

1974, “the LDA program is related to LD+A, the magazine, in 

name only. The magazine’s staff plays no role in judging or 

managing the program.” 

• 

Ultimately, the rigid criteria of the LDA nominating process 

are relaxed. Today, a maximum 250-word project description 

and 10 images are required. 

• Today, the IIDA program composes four parallel programs honoring 

indoor, outdoor, residential and energy/environmental design. 

• In 2005, more than 500 IIDA entries were received; 16 received 

international awards. 


1980-2006 

Donald R. Marcue 1980-1981 

Stephen S. Squillace 1981-1982 

Lewis S. Sternberg 1982-1983 

Howard M. Brandston 1983-1984 

James E. Jewell 1984-1985 

Rita M. Harrold 1985-1986 

Robert V. Day 1986-1987 

Richard C. LeVere 1987-1988 

Roger L. Knott 1988-1989 

Stephen L. Spier 1989-1990 

Donald C. Thomas 1990-1991 

Jerry W. White, Jr. 1991-1992 

Russell D. Churchill 1992-1993 

Joseph B. Murdoch 1993-1994 

Jack L. Lindsey 1994-1995 

Thomas M. Brownlee 1995-1996 

Diarmuid J. McSweeney 1996-1997 

David J. Geyman 1997-1998 

Joseph M. Good, III 1998-1999 

Ian Lewin 1999-2000 

Martyn K. Timmings 2000-2001 

Pamela K. Horner 2001-2002 

Randy Reid 2002-2003 

Ronnie Farrar 2003-2004 

Craig A. Bernecker 2004-2005 

Alan L. Lewis 2005-2006 

900 athletes from 20 countries 

participate in the Olympics in 

Athens, Greece. 

Britain takes the Sinai. 

The Chicago White Sox defeat 

the Chicago Cubs in the World 

Series. 

Royal Canadian 

Navy is formed. 

A cyclone named 

Regina tears the city of 

Alberta, Canada apart 

in three minutes. 





Lamp Technology 

Ami Argand 1782, France 

Invents what came to be called the “Argand 

Burner,” which used a circular wick to 

bring more oxygen to a flame, resulting in a 

significant increase in light output. Uses the then-new 

theory of combustion by oxygen proposed by Lavoisier. 

Adds the use of glass chimneys for lamps. 

ThE PIONEERS 

As the Society turns 100, we present 

91 individuals who helped shape the industry 

It has always been intended that a list of notable lighting personages 

be a part of the IESNA’s Centennial activities. However, lighting did 

not begin on January 10, 1906, nor has it been limited to the Society 

since then. The founders of the Society built on the research, development 

and effort of those who had been there before them. 

An initial list of lighting notables was developed by the past presidents 

of the Society led by Richard LeVere. This was developed further 

by the History and Heritage Committee, under the leadership of 

Viggo Bech Rambusch, and by members of the Centennial Committee. 

Valuable contributions of names were made by Prof. David Di- 

Laura and more recent individuals were suggested by past president 

Pam Homer. A number of others made suggestions, extensive or brief, 

but always helpful. 

A Centennial Subcommittee, asked to present a final 

list, identified a total of 77 lighting notables and, based 

on their area of achievement, separated them into 

nine groups. The groups are lamp technology; luminaire 

development; measurement; calculation; 

optics/color; vision; education; application; and 

design. Where they could be identified, the year 

of each pioneer’s work and the country in which it 

took place are included. The subcommittee members 

also identified 14 industrialists responsible for 

founding some of the first companies in the industry. 

Not everyone on the following list is from North 

America and not everyone was a part of the llluminating 

Engineering Society. But each individual has, 

in some way, influenced what we do today in our 

work in light and vision and has helped us in the 

ways in which we bring the benefits of lighting to 

the user public. 

Robert Coble 1955, U.S. 

Produces highly translucent aluminum oxide (Lucalox), 

enabling the development of high-pressure 

sodium lamps, which helped transform roadway 

lighting. 

William Coolidge 1909, U.S. 

Develops ductile tungsten wire, which represented a 

radical change in incandescent lamp efficacy. 

Peter Cooper-Hewitt 1902, U.S. 

Involved in the development of low-pressure mercury 

discharge lamps. 

Thomas Edison 1879-82, U.S. 

The Wizard of Menlo Park invents 

the first practical, commercial 

incandescent lamp and supporting 

electric generation equipment 

to produce the first incandescent 

lighting system. 

Elmer G. Fridrich 1954, U.S. 

Discovers and uses the tungsten-halogen 

cycle within a quartz bulb to produce 

a new incandescent lamp. This greatly 

improves lumen maintenance. 


LD+A January 2006 59 

Argand Coble Coolidge Hewitt Edison Fridrich Germer Holonyak Inman Thayer Langmuir Louden Schmidt Murdock Reiling Swan Waymouth Weisbach Yablochkov Blondel Dobras Stair Bunsen Dibdin Judd Kruss Nickerson Nutt


Edmund Germer 1926, Germany 

Gilbert Reiling 1959-64, U.S. 

Measurement 

Designs and patents the modern fluores- 

Develops the metal halide high- 

Robert Bunsen 1843, Germany 

Perley G. Nutting 1907, U.S. 

cent lamp. Proposes that the long glass dis- 

pressure discharge lamp. 

Develops the so-called “grease- 

Proposes using values of spectral luminous 

charge tubes be coated with phosphors that 

spot photometer” used in virtually 

efficiency, with the spectral power distribu- 

would be excited by ultraviolet radiation of a low pres- 

all photometry for 50 years. 

tion of sources, to define light in a complete 

sure mercury discharge. 

Joseph Swan 1878, England 

physical way. Adopted by the CIE in 1923. 

Invents and produces an incandescent 

William Dibdin 1889, England 

Nick Holonyak 1962, U.S. 

lamp using a filament made by squirt- 

Develops the first gonio-photometer (he 

Ernest Rousseau 1885, Belgium 

Creates the first practical light emitting 

ing dissolved cellulose through a die and 

called it a “radial photometer”) for the ex- 

Develops the first distribution photometer 

diode with a visible spectrum. 

forming a firm, uniform thread. 

tensive measurement of spatial distribu- 

and what is now known as the Rousseau Di- 

tions of light sources (gas and electric in- 

agram to determine the total lumen output 

George E. Inman & Richard N. Thayer 

John F. Waymouth 1960-70, U.S. 

candescent). 

of a light source from its luminous intensity 

1936, U.S. 

Pioneers the use of discharge lamps. 

distribution. 

Invent the practical fluorescent lamp. 

Deane Judd 1927-69, U.S. 

Carl Auer von Welsbach 1890, Austria 

While at the National Bureau of 

W.S. Stiles 1925-1961, England 

Irving Langmuir 1913, U.S. 

Develops the incandescent gas mantle. This great- 

Standards, extends the industry’s 

At the National Physical Labo- 

Instrumental in the discovery and application of gas 

ly improves the efficacy of gas lighting, revitalizing 

knowledge of vision and helps codi- 

ratory, studies human vision to 

films that led to gas-filled incandescent lamps (and 

that industry. 

fy colorimetry and photometry at national and 

develop standards dealing with 

much-improved efficacy). Wins the Nobel Prize in 

international levels. 

light and color. 

Chemistry in 1932. 

Pavel Yablochkov 1876, France 

Invents the first, simple, practical elec- 

Hugo Kruss 1898, Germany 

Benjamin Thomson 1794, Germany 

William Louden & Kurt Schmidt 

tric-arc lighting system (no moving parts, 

Develops the first gonio-photometer. 

Develops first systematic photometric as- 

1962, U.S. 

using alternating current). This triggers 

sessment of light sources and their economic 

Develop the high-pressure sodium 

wide-spread use of outdoor electric-arc lighting. 

Dorothy Nickerson U.S. 

evaluation based on light output. 

lamp. 

A color technologist with the 

U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Jules Gabriel Violle 1884, France 

William Murdock 1798, England 

creates color system known as 

Proposes an “absolute standard of light”—a 

Creates the first practical gas lighting sys- 

the Nickerson Color Fan. The 

fixed luminous area of platinum at its melt- 

tem using the distillation of gas from coal 

“fan” came in the form of a small booklet that 

ing point. Eventually adopted in 1948 for the 

and piping the result to burners. 

fanned out to display 262 color samples coded 

SI unit of luminous intensity. 

to numbers in the Munsell color system. 

Luminaire Development 

Andre Blondel 1897, France 

Designs and patents the prismatic globe for controlling light, 

greatly increasing the area from which it appears to be emitted. 

The result: lower source luminance without a loss in efficiency. 

Quenton Dobras U.S. 

Develops the parabolic wedge louver including small-cell (1/2 by 

1/2 by 1/2 in.) plastic prototypes for the lighting fixture industry. 

J.L. Stair 1920-36, U.S. 

Authors influential articles 

on topics ranging from equipment 

maintenance to louvered 

lighting in IES Transactions. 




Calculations 

David DiLaura 1981, U.S. 

Advances procedures for point-by-point calculations. Develops lighting 

software for hand-held programmable calculators and then personal 

computers. 

Optics/Color 

Augustine Fresnel 1823, France 

Invents what’s now known as the 

Fresnel lens. It’s used ubiquitously 

in lighting equipment. 

Albert H. Munsell 1905, U.S. 

Develops a practical, widely used 

system of color notation and specification. 

Ward Harrison 1920, U.S. 

Develops a system of empirical coefficients of utilization and a method 

for their use in lighting design. 

J. Roy Jones & John Neidhardt 1951, U.S. 

Develop the “zonal system” for specifying luminaire distributions to determine 

their coefficients of utilization. 

Bill F. Jones 1959, U.S. 

Proposes the system of “cavities” to describe a room for lighting calculations. 

It becomes the “zonal cavity” system adopted by the IES. 

Merle Keck 1980s-90s, U.S. 

Develops a computer program that addresses visibility in roadway 

lighting design. 

Johann H. Lambert 1760, Germany 

Writes the first complete system of illuminating engineering concepts 

and calculations. 

Philip O’Brien 1955-60, U.S. 

Develops modern radiative transfer techniques in lighting calculations 

(the earliest applications of analog and digital computers to the 

computations of factors required to calculate CUs for luminaires). These 

are incorporated in the “zonal cavity” system adopted by the IES. 

Wentworth Potter 1940s, U.S. 

Does early work on room coefficients of utilization. Sets up full-scale 

rooms to measure CUs. During World War II, develops a signaling mirror 

(with the cross in the middle) so that soldiers on the ground could aim the 

reflected sunlight accurately toward aircraft. 

David MacAdam U.S. 

Develops system for differentiation of colors 

known as “MacAdam Ellipses,” which when 

G.H. Stickney 1910, U.S. 

Authors paper entitled “Color Values of Light 

from Electric Lamps” in IES Transactions. 

applied to the CIE Chromaticity Diagram describes 

minimum differences required for colors 

to be differentiated. 

Gunter Wyszecki 1950s-82, 

Canada 

As a researcher at the National 

Robert McPhail 1950s, U.S. 

Research Council, influential 

Invents the conical light controlling prism for 

use with fluorescent lamps—a design which has 

been widely copied and imitated in commercial 

lighting equipment. 

contributor to color science, particularly 

through two books on colorimetry and photometry 

co-authored with Deane Judd and 

W.S. Stiles. 

Vision (related directly to lighting) 

Willard Allphin U.S. 

and disability glare research, instrumentation and 

Authors Primer of Lamps and Lighting. 

computation. 

H. Richard Blackwell 1946-59, U.S. 

Sylvester K. Guth 1948-63, U.S. 

Conducts experiments relating standard task 

Develops methods for evaluating discomfort 

contrast and luminance to detection performance. 

glare. 

The work extends to realistic tasks and development 

of a system for specifying illuminance criteria. 

System adopted by the IES in 1958. 

L.L. Holladay 1920s, U.S. 

Develops glare formulae. His early experiments 

Gertrude R. Ferree 1920s, U.S. 

on discomfort glare stand for decades and prove to 

A doctor of psychology, she studies how lighting have practical application to typical lighting situations. 

affects how people see color. Later works on lighting 

design of the Holland Tunnel. 

Arthur Konig 1891 

Glenn Fry 1950-60, U.S. 

Does large-scale measurement of spectral response 

Helps establish the scientific foundations 

of human vision at high and low light lev- 

of optometry and vision-related 

els. Determines the relative brightness of different 

matters related directly to lighting. wavelengths. Data is used by Perley Nutting in the 

Areas of expertise include discomfort first analytic determination of the lumen. 




Samuel P. Langley 1888, U.S. 

credited with 11 U.S. patents and writes 28 books 

First to systematically measure relative spectral and 860 technical articles. 

response of human vision and show that different 

wavelengths had different visual power. 

Hurbert Claude Weston 1926-45, England 

Conducts extensive, realistic experiments to determine 

visual speed and accuracy of visual per- 

Matthew Luckiesh 1911-48, U.S. 

Referred to as the “Father of the formance as functions of task size, contrast and 

Science of Seeing,” he is involved luminance. Develops first systematic model for visual 

performance. 

with vision, optics, measurements, 

light sources and virtually every 

aspect of lighting applications. Is 

Education 

Application 

Louis Bell 1902, U.S. 

James R. Cravath 1906-10, U.S. 

Produces first widely used general textbook on lighting, The Art of His writings on residence lighting, illuminating 

engineering in small cities, 

Illumination. Also a founding member of the IES. 

fixture design and store lighting, among 

H.H. Higbie 1920s-30s U.S. 

other topics, appear frequently on the 

Authors papers in IES Transactions on illumination of reading rooms pages of IES Transactions. 

(libraries) and how glass affects daylighting. 

Warren Edman 1960s, U.S. 

Parry Moon & Domina E. Spencer 

Develops theory and practice of highmast 

lighting systems for roadway inter- 

1930s-40s, U.S. 

At MIT, they study lighting in empty rooms. Create the change lighting. Extends this concept to 

first photorealistic images using radiosity methods. 

other large nighttime work areas. 

Spencer 

C.E. Knox 1907, U.S. 

George W. Patterson 1896, U.S. 

Participates in what might have 

Translates from the French and augments the first widely used textbook 

on photometry, A Treatise on Industrial Photometry. The book is lighting project”—the Engineering So- 

constituted the first “major electric 

used in many early electrical engineering departments in the U.S. 

cieties Building in New York City, the 

one-time offices of the IES. 

Russell C. Putnam 1950s, U.S. 

Head of the Illuminating Engineering program at Case Mary Weber U.S. 

Institute of Technology (now Case Western Reserve University). 

Develops classroom and other educational facili- 

helps establish practical criteria for 

A residential lighting pioneer, she 

ties lighting, for example full-scale mock-ups where students could try portable lamp shade dimensions and 

out lighting ideas. 

light transmissions. 

Everett Strong 1940s, U.S. 

Furthers electrical engineering education while at Cornell University. 

Design 

John Flynn & Sam Mills 1970s, U.S. 

Authors of Architectural Lighting 

Graphics, a pioneering reference for 

the design of lighting elements such 

Flynn 

as coves, spot lighting and luminaire 

The Industrialists 

Those who formed pioneering lighting companies. 

Founders 

Company 

Bernhard & Moses Blitzer Lightolier 

A.D. Curtis 

Curtis Lighting 

Thomas Edison 

General Electric 

Edwin F. Guth 

St. Louis Brass Co. 

(renamed Edwin F. 

Guth Co.) 

Harvey Hubbell 

Hubbell Lighting 

Samuel B. Herst 

Peerless Lighting 

placement. Flynn and a team of researchers also 

publish an influential series of papers on the psychological 

effects of lighting. 

Samuel G. Hibben U.S. 

Designs early special electric lighting effects for 

monuments such as the Statue of Liberty and the 

Golden Gate Bridge. Works on solutions to military 

lighting problems and experiments with lights responding 

to a whole spectrum of needs, from underwater 

explorations to artificial plant growth. 

Thomas Jefferson 1780s-early 1800s, U.S. 

Employs daylighting techniques in the 

design of the Virginia Capitol and the University 

of Virginia. 

Richard Kelly 1930s, U.S. 

Helps found the lighting design profession by starting 

his own practice before entering college. Projects include 

the Kimball Museum of Fine Arts, the Yale Center at British 

Art and Studies and the Seagram Building. 

Stanley McCandless 1930s, U.S. 

In his book, A Method of Lighting the Stage, the 

Yale professor articulates what’s now known as the 

four-point McCandless Technique. 

Robert W. McKinley 1947, U.S 

Serves as editor of the first IES Handbook. Also, a leading 

expert in the use of passive solar energy and internationally 

recognized authority on glass and glazing. 

W. D’Arcy Ryan early 1900s, U.S. 

Considered the greatest practitioner of 

outdoor lighting of the age. He lights Niagara 

Falls in 1907 and designs and installs the 

lighting for the entire Pan Pacific International 

Exhibition of 1915 in San Francisco and the Century 

of Progress Exposition at Chicago in 1933. Believed 

to be the first person in the U.S. to hold the title “illuminating 

engineer.” 

John Waldram 1953, England 

Authors the groundbreaking paper “Studies in Interior 

Lighting.” 

Anton & John Kliegl Kliegl Brothers 

Lighting 

John W. Lieb 

Electrical Testing 

Laboratories 

Otis Mygatt 

Holophane Company 

Edison Price 

Edison Price Lighting 

Frode C.V. Rambusch Rambusch 

Decorating Company 

F.W. Wakefield 

Wakefield Lighting 



I M A G I N I N G T H E F U T U R E 

What They’d Like 

to Light 

A group of lighting 

designers describe 

their ‘dream projects’ 

“In your wildest dreams, if you had the chance to 

light one thing, what would it be” LD+A recently 

put that tantalizing question to 10 lighting designers. 

Their responses ranged from the ultra-specific (“a 

herd of bison in Yellowstone Park”) to the broadly abstract 

(“nature”), while one designer dreams simply of seeing 

one of her existing designs actually implemented. 



Paul Deeb, Vox Arts 

I would choose something very large and abandoned, 

or very large and industrial (and not too new 

or clean). Potential candidates would be abandoned 

strip mines, electric power plants, refineries and 

factories. Something that looks like the inside of a 

1950s’ TV set on a massive scale. Lighting is an inherently 

abstract art. As designers using this medium, 

our more imaginative moments tend to exist 

in a largely ephemeral context or fall within the 

penumbra of architecture’s solar grandeur. It would 

be a visceral and exciting challenge to ring beauty 

from the bell of industrial blight, and perhaps for a 

moment escape the gravitational pull of our architectural 

sun. 

Rodrigo Manriquez, 

The SmithGroup 

I would capture the effect of waves crashing into 

the sand at dusk. A programmable lighting system 

would up-light the surf as it approaches the shore, 

slightly increasing in intensity and hue. I would 

accent the foam at the surface with flashing white 

light to achieve a similar effect of the cloud cover 

during a lightning storm. While emphasizing the 

instant when the waves impact the ocean floor, the 

result would orchestrate a big bang of brightness. 

Larry Wilson, Rink 

Design Partnership, Inc. 

The slowly roaming herds of 

dark mahogany bison, sometimes 

50 strong, in Yellowstone 

National Park. In the fresh December 

snow, I would illuminate 

the herd at the fading golden 

light of dusk. I would softly graze 

the herd in warm amber light, 

while tracking several magnificent 

specimens with follow spots 

as they move across the horizon. 

The light would be low, almost 

perpendicular, to the ground creating 

long abstract shadows mysteriously 

glistening in the fresh 

snow. As night falls, my dimming 

light would create a surrealistic 

scene of prehistoric forms disappearing, 

one by one, into the 

purple blue night. 

Channing P. Lillo, RSA Engineering 

I would like to design a large exterior aurora borealis 

display in a winter theme park. The aurora 

borealis, in my opinion, is the most spectacular 

lighting display and natural wonder that we have, 

and to try and duplicate its random, almost hypnotic, 

shifting patterns and colors would be an incredible 

challenge. 

Pamela Hull Wilson, 

PHW Architectural 

Lighting Design 

I would produce a glowing 

fleet of internally lighted blimps, 

which would bring enjoyment to 

the crowds below. 

68 www.iesna.org


David Orgish, Peters & 

Myer, Lighting Studio of 

O’Mahony & Myer 

It is a totally imaginary project, 

a library, a community center, or 

just a plain white box. It is always, 

though, one in which lighting 

is the quintessential perceptual 

experience. No distractions, just 

form, space and light. It is within 

the context of this “dream project” 

that I put Flynn’s work about 

subjective impressions to the 

test. I paint Kelly’s layers of light 

across surfaces in different ways 

to affect perception and Turrell’s 

colors provide depth/emotion. 

Derek Porter, Derek 

Porter Studio/Director, 

MFA Lighting Program, 

Parsons The New School 

for Design 

I would choose to light a beautiful 

“circumstance.” To light “one 

thing” emphasizes the illuminated 

subject (thing) as being the primary 

consideration in measuring 

an exceptional design, thus limiting 

opportunity. As an alternative, 

“circumstance” directs focus 

to subtle relationships between 

time and place that influence an 

experience. This opportunity exists 

everywhere, regardless of subject 

specificity. Shifting our value 

systems from the socially desired 

grand monument to more modest 

and tangible nuances of our daily 

activities will allow opportunity 

for long lasting impressions that 

dreams could never fulfill. 

Giulio Pedota, Schuler Shook 

It is in the presence of nature’s beauty we are reminded 

that we are humans belonging to a much 

bigger world. Therefore, in my wildest dreams, I 

would light nature by recreating the sun’s effect, 

well into the night. I would light all the mountains 

as Cape Town’s Table Mountain is illuminated at 

night—except with different colors, mimicking the 

sunset and the moon. I would light all the trees and 

flowers on every street; I would even illuminate the 

sea. All nature, illuminated without pretense, with 

dignity, prolonging its diurnal beauty into the night 

to become all visible when we turn off the lights. 

Daniel E. Edenbaum, 

Drago Illumination 

I have always wanted to do the lighting for a rock 

concert. Ever since my high school and college 

days in theatrical lighting, when I listen to music 

I will sometimes imagine lighting patterns and effects, 

usually in a stage concert setting. I use my 

mind’s eye and interpret the music into light. I got 

a taste of this once when I had an opportunity to 

design a special show for the Benjamin Franklin 

Bridge’s 75th Anniversary. To light a rock concert, 

especially for one of my favorite bands, would definitely 

be a dream come true. 

Julie Panassow, 

The Lighting Practice, Inc. 

I would like to see the installation of a lighting 

design we created for an urban renewal project 

along Baltimore Avenue in West Philadelphia. We 

created a master plan and guidelines for lighting 

improvements at various levels for this commercial 

and residential corridor. The design ideas include 

integrating lighting in landscape elements, 

adding lighting for landmarks and art installations, 

changing out misapplied store front lighting 

and adding pedestrian lighting. 



We asked an eclectic mix of 

lighting professionals to fill 

in the blank of the following 

statement: ‘If I were lighting 

czar for a day, the one thing I 

would change is_____’ 

King (or Queen) 

for a Day 

Power corrupts. Absolute power 

corrupts absolutely—except in this 

case. With a wave of our magic 

wand, LD+A has bestowed omnipotence 

on 12 lighting professionals from the design, 

manufacturing and academic communities 

and asked them to change just one 

thing in the lighting industry. Here’s what 

our “lighting czars” would decree. 



Mark Roush 

I would have all footcandle meters destroyed, and 

ban and consequently erase all references of watts 

from all texts, papers, software and written pages 

referencing lighting. Rather I would substitute poetic 

references to seeing, observation, and enhancing 

beauty through visual stimulation, hierarchy and 

focus. Hopefully my one-day effort would eliminate 

the crutches used by the lighting-challenged and 

begin a new effort toward the elimination of mediocrity 

and the promulgation of extraordinary lighting 

throughout the land. 

Paulette Hebert, 

University of Louisiana at Lafayette 

I would arrange for lighting education for all “doit-yourselfers.” 

They would be required to enroll in 

a free lighting workshop before purchasing any exterior 

lighting fixtures. Home improvement stores 

would be required to periodically host these lighting 

seminars. Qualified lighting professionals and 

educators would be the paid instructors. Consumers 

and retail outlets currently have limited information 

but an increased availability of fixtures with high 

lumen packages and high levels of energy consumption. 

HGTV aggressively promotes home renovations 

by consumers. The lighting workshop would cover 

sustainability, security, safety, aesthetic, biological 

and light pollution concerns. 

Ted Mather, 

Ted Mather Lighting Design 

That’s easy. Make fixture costs available on line. 

They can be “list price” or something, but I think 

it’s a total pain to have to call a rep every time I’m 

considering a fixture for a project. I can get a price 

for a computer, a car, or cat food on line, but not the 

gear I spec on a job! 

Kevin W. Houser, 

University of Nebraska-Lincoln 

I would change the early stages of the architectural 

design process. The lighting designer is seldom 

included at a project’s inception, when a building 

exists as only an adaptable collection of ideas. The 

inevitable result is that, later in the process, lighting 

is reduced to an applied technology; it is considered 

as a product. Great lighting is a result of inspired 

collaborations where light itself is conceived as a 

primary element. 

Bill Brown, Bill Brown Sales/A.L.P. 

Lighting Components 

As a component supplier to lighting OEMs, I would 

mandate that fixture manufacturers do a better job 

of educating their employees and the community 

about lighting. Lighting influences the way we perceive 

our world. It is a tremendously powerful, dynamic 

medium, with rapidly changing technology 

and benefits of which the general public remains 

largely unaware. Just as the acoustical industry has 

sold “sound conditioning” and the HVAC industry 

has sold “air conditioning,” we need to educate the 

public about “light conditioning.” 

Wanda J. Barchard, Burt Hill 

I would outlaw substitutions. This might knock 

some understanding of the “design intent” into the 

other team on the end of the “tug-of-war rope” who 

we struggle with every day. No one will admit prime 

responsibility for substituting the specification, but 

we know it’s the electrical distributor, electrician or 

the general contractor. We work long and hard to coordinate 

the design and educate the owner as to what 

they can expect, but that wily individual whispers in 

their ear, “save that first cost,” and if the owner had 

bought in to the initial design, he ends up dissatisfied 

with the end results, and we get the blame! 

74 www.iesna.org


Paul Gregory, Focus Lighting, Inc. 

I would require all students working towards a 

degree in Architecture or Interior Design to take 

five courses in lighting. The truth is, “All you see is 

reflected light.” You do not see the columns, the steel 

or the leather; you only see the light that bounces 

off it into your eye. Architects and interior designers 

need a basic understanding and appreciation of light 

as a major design element. They need to understand 

that light is as important of a design tool as the finishes 

the interior designer chooses or the structure 

and volume the architect designs. 

David D. Rodstein, Rodstein Design 

I would stop people from making hasty, myopic 

decisions. One cannot see cause and effect since 

consequences occur over a long time period. Quick 

fixes that compound previous mistakes would be 

stopped when a total redesign is necessary. Today’s 

problems often result from yesterday’s solutions. 

Consider these lighting analogies: Only increasing 

lamp wattages to increase light levels results in energy 

costs and visual discomfort levels going up; triphosphor 

lamps dramatically improve color at the 

expense of iridescent reflectors. 

Naomi Miller, 

Naomi Miller Lighting Design 

I would change the structure of the industry so 

that there were fewer layers of companies between 

the specifier, the contractor, the representative, the 

distributor and the end user. I’d then get rid of the 

“packaging” games that jack up prices of specified 

products by having realistic prices for lighting and 

controls products posted on websites. That way, the 

end-user, specifier and contractor could check that 

they were receiving fair prices. 

Fred Oberkircher, 


I would change the scale of our vision. Our ability 

to significantly improve our world has been lost in 

the commodity market. We think too small! Think 

“light” not “lighting.” Because of my “powers,” I 

would assemble the CEOs representing the industry—the 

entire industry from lamps to bio-luminescence, 

from solid state to light art, freed from their 

corporate constraints to delve into the power that 

light has on our lives. And then act on that power. 

Mark Corcoran, OSRAM SYLVANIA 

I would require that the items on the following “To 

Do” list be completed: 

1. Educate all consumers on sustainability issues 

resulting in a huge surge in sales for energy saving 

and environmentally responsible products. 

2. Command that all transactions between B2B 

partners be conducted via electronic transactions to 

maximize speed, productivity and accuracy. 

3. Teach all parties within the lighting industry to 

speak the same technical language and utilize a set 

of standard procedures for all transactions. 

4. Design a line of merchandising racks that are 

always fully stocked and never need cleaning. 

5. Develop an integrated advertising campaign that 

is customized for every customer and has measurable 

results. 

Sam Gumins, Luxo 

I would abolish daylight. Forget Far East imports; 

imagine how much more profitable we lighting companies 

would be if not for the direct competition of 

the sun. We’d sell at least twice as many fixtures, 

exponentially more lamps. We’d get prime exhibit 

space at LIGHTFAIR (no more Daylighting Pavilion). 

Our lighting calculations would be infinitely 

easier. It may sound outlandish, but as a Scandinavian 

company, we’ve learned firsthand that for many 

months of the year, daylight is over-rated, even unnecessary. 

(If I could change one other thing, I would remove 

the letter “c” from czar. It’s frankly confusing.) 


N February 5-8: EPRI Lighting 

Research Office’s 6th International 

Lighting Research 

Symposium: Light and Color, 

will be held at Grosvenor 

Resort, Orlando, FL. Contact: 

For more information go to 

www.lightingresearchoffice. 

org and to register via email, 

send information to meeting 

@epri.com 

N February 22-24: Designed 

for newcomers to the lighting 

industry, GE’s Fundamentals 

of Commercial and Industrial 

Lighting conference provides 

basic product and application 

training for commercial 

and industrial lighting. Topics 

include: lighting terminology; 

lighting measurements and 

color; an overview of major 

light source families and systems; 

and application modules 

for retail, office, industrial 

and outdoor lighting. Contact: 

Call 1-800-255-1200 or visit 

www.gelighting.com/na/business_lighting/education_resources/conferences/ 

N March 13-15: Intertech’s 

fourth annual Phosphor Global 

Summit will return to the 

Hilton San Diego Resort, San 

Diego, CA. In addition to the 

speaker program of more than 

20 industry innovators, there 

will be two pre-conference 

seminars. Contact: Stephanie 

Edwards, conference director, 

Tel: 207-781-9605 or visit 

www.intertechusa.com/ 

phosphors.html 

N March 16-17: GE’s healthcare 

lighting conference is 

designed for facility managers, 

maintenance supervisors 

and other professionals who 

are involved in specifying or 

maintaining lighting systems 

in a healthcare setting. The 

content features energy and 

maintenance cost reduction 

strategies and the identification 

of high-quality lighting 

criteria for public spaces, patient 

rooms and more specialized 

medical treatment areas. 

Topics include: new developments 

in lighting systems 

and controls; outdoor lighting 

for safety and security; and 

energy legislation and lamp 

disposal updates. Contact: 

Call 1-800-255-1200 or visit 

www.gelighting.com/na/ 

business_lighting/education_ 

resources/conferences/ 

N March 29-30: GE’s retrofits 

and other energy saving strategies 

conference is designed 

to provide and compare solutions 

for a variety of lighting 

retrofit projects. Through lecture 

and hands-on workshops, 

this seminar will focus on the 

evaluation of simple lamp 

retrofits, lamp and ballast substitutions, 

luminaries retrofit 

kits and energy-saving system 

add-on devices. Contact: Call 

1-800-255-1200 or visit www. 

gelighting.com/na/business_ 

lighting/education_resources/ 

conferences/ 

N April 19-21: GE’s Fundamentals 

of Commercial and 

Industrial Lighting conference 

provides basic product 

and application training for 

commercial and industrial 

lighting. See (February 22-24) 

description. 

N April 26-27: Directed 

toward hotel owners and 

operators, GE’s hospitality 

lighting conference discusses 

lighting design and room 

air-conditioning strategies 

with a special emphasis on 

meeting the key needs of 

guest comfort and financial 

performance through energy 

reduction strategies. Sessions 

include: industry trends, 

outdoor lighting for safety 

and security, national energy 

rebates and tax incentives, 

and lighting solutions for 

guest rooms, meeting rooms 

and common areas. Contact: 

Call 1-800-255-1200 or visit 

www.gelighting.com/na/business_lighting/education_resources/conferences/ 

N May 2-3: GE’s retail lighting 

conference is geared towards 

professionals who specify 

retail lighting or supervise the 

maintenance of lighting in department, 

grocery, specialty 

or mass merchandise stores 

comprise the target audience 

for this conference. With 

presentations in full-scale 

retail settings and interactive 

sessions, participants experience 

effective demonstrations 

of state of the art lighting 

alternatives and learn about 

lighting solutions for their 

own applications. Contact: 

Call 1-800-255-1200 or visit 

www.gelighting.com/na/ 

business_lighting/education_ 

resources/conferences/ 

N June 8-9: GE’s conference 

for residential contractors is 

open to all trade area partners 

for the homebuilder industry, 

specifically residential 

contractors and electricians. 

Product updates for high 

quality and energy-efficient 

lighting, electrical distribution, 

structured wiring, security 

systems and more will 

be presented. Contact: Call 

1- 800-255-1200 or visit www. 

gelighting.com/na/business_ 

lighting/education_resources/ 

conferences/ 

N June 26-27: GE’s healthcare 

lighting conference is 

designed for facility managers, 

maintenance supervisors 

and other professionals who 

are involved in specifying or 

maintaining lighting systems 

in a healthcare setting. See 

(March 16-17) description. 

N June 28-30: GE’s Fundamentals 

of Commercial and 

Industrial Lighting conference 

provides basic product 

and application training for 

commercial and industrial 

lighting. See (February 22-24) 

description. 

Events KEY 

N = tradeshows & conferences 

ß= educational opportunities 

For all Industry Events visit 

www.iesna.org 

Future 

Events 

Email: 

jmkobes@iesna.org 

EVENTS 


NEW MEMBERS 

Membership Committee Chair Paul Mercier announced the IESNA gained two Sustaining Members and 

91 members (M), associated and student members in November. 

Sustaining Members 

Mulvey + Banani Lighting, Toronto, ON Canada 

Ruud Lighting Canada Corp., Mississauga, ON Canada 

Canadian Region 

Steriana M. Bradi, Canlyte, Inc., Etobicoke, ON 

Campbell Corbet, Mulvey + Banani Lighting, Toronto, ON 

Michel Y. Gendron (M), Dessau-Soprin, Longueuil, QC 

Mehdi Laieb, Ombrages - les Consultants FBG, Inc., 

Quebec, QC 

Guy Lavallee, Cyclone Lighting, St. Jerome, QC 

Pasquale Metallo, LAPAS Consulting Engineers Ltd., 

Toronto, ON 

Luis E. Rocha, Lightstudio, Inc., Burlington, ON 

Chris T. Scott, Osram Sylvania Ltd., Mississauga, ON 

Carleton University 

Janrs Hayes, Ryan McLennan, Philam Nguyen, Grant Olkawa 

East Central Region 

Peter Abdollahi (M), Renaissance Lighting, Inc., 

Herndon, VA 

Philip M. Garvey, Pennsylvania State University, 

University Park, PA 

Matt S. Greiner (M), ConEdison Solutions, Arlington, VA 

Richard J. Hood, EBL Engineers, LLC, Baltimore, MD 

Brian F. Malloy, McHugh Engineering Associates, Inc., 

Fort Washington, PA 

Thomas Myers (M), Lutron, Coopersburg, PA 

Glenn P. Tilley, Holophane Company, Dover, PA 

Douglass R. Werner, STV, Inc., Douglassville, PA 

Randall K. Wright, United States Sign Council, Bristol, PA 

The Pennsylvania State University 

Yena K. Han 

Great Lakes Region 

Kerry J. Freeborn, Lighting Sales, Inc, Beachwood, OH 

Donald M. Guize (M), Integrated Building Concepts, 

P.C., Buffalo, NY 

Matt K. Minard (M), Lighting Sales, Inc., Beachwood, OH 

Bruce R. Roberts (M), Mentor on the Lake, OH 

Benjamin A. Rosenkrans, Philips Lighting, Bath, NY 

Terri A. Thornton (M), Paramount Industries, Inc., 

Croswell, MI 

South Pacific Coast Region 

Gary L. Ambach (M), Hawaiian Electric Company, 

Honolulu, HI 

Joe R. Arechavaleta (M), Gentec Inc., Phoenix, AZ 

Meggan A. Kessler (M), Holophane, Elk Grove, CA 

Alicia N. McLaughlin, Lighting Association of San 

Diego, San Diego, CA 

Dean Umberger (M), City of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 

Midwest Region 

Maria A. D. Azevedo, USG Corporation, Libertyville, IL 

Robert J. Jeffers (M), GRG Inc., Milwaukee, WI 

Jon Limbacher (M), Enterprise Lighting, McFarland, WI 

Jennifer L. McVey, Lenexa, KS 

Fred Stohl (M), Holophane, Sun Prairie, WI 

Richard W. Ward (M), Czarnecki Engineering, Inc., 

Pewaukee, WI 

Milwaukee Area Technical College 

Anna K. Krajcik 

Ranken Technical College 

Kevin E. Dossett, Aaron T. Ecknnrdt, Rudy R. Foiles, 

Christopher A. Greeling, Zach W. Hufnagel, Jason 

W. Lake, Ryan J. Meuth, Greg S. Miller, Miles Z. 

Montague, Greg J. Ostrenga, Michael P. Schlautman, 

Gerald Squalls, John G. Thyer, Tim D. Tibbetts, Daniel 

R. Veile, Scott M. Ventimiglia, Mike Whited , Jacob 

D. Wieneke 

Southern Illinois University 

Nicole l. Wynkoop 

Unviersity of Wisconsin-Milwaukee 

Joshua A. Bazett-Jones 

Southeastern Region 

Cassandra M. Faulkner, The University of Alabama, 

Tuscaloosa, AL 

Robert R. Greenland (M), Wilger Testing Company, 

Inc., Sarasota, FL 

Frank J. Lilly (M), Lutron Electronics Co., Inc., Saint 

Cloud, FL 

Ken Zambito (M), Orlando Utilities Commission, 

Orlando, FL 

Northeastern Region 

James Aitken (M), Invisible Circus LLC, Brooklyn, NY 

Joel M. Baker (M), Progressive Engineering, Inc., East 

Hartford, CT 

Nancy Lok (M), Domingo Gonzalez Associates, New 

York, NY 

Paul K. O’Donnell (M), Genlyte Sales, Fall River, MA 

Leo F. Smith, Citizens For Conservation of Light and 

Energy, Suffield, CT 

Karl Thorndike (M), Foremost Mfg. Co., Inc., Uniion, NJ 

Northwest Region 

Ginette D. Chin (M), HNTB, Bellevue, WA 

Jason P. DeCunzo (M), De Cunzo Design Associates, 

Missoula, MT 

Mike Goulding (M), PDC, Inc., Fairbanks, AK 

Yvon Pelletier, Prolux Lighting, Calgary, AB 

Jay Riel, Ritenburg & Associates, Saskatoon, SK 

Art Institute of Seattle 

Pamella J. Kniaz 

Southwestern Region 

Rexanne Harless (M), Rexanne Harless Lighting 

Design and Consulting, Dallas, TX 

Philip L. Inderwiesen, Needville, TX 

Mary J Justus (A), Alison & Company,Carrollton,TX 

Jerry M. Lopez (M), URS Corp., Denver, CO 


Ericka Bailey, Meghan Jacobowsk 

Southern Region 

David E. Canup (M), Canup Engineering, Inc., 

Memphis, TN 

Cindy L. Daniels, Triangle Engineering Associates, Cary, NC 

Esma B. Dengiz, Savannah College of Art and Design, 

Savannah, GA 

Chad B. Lackey, Greensboro Engineering, Greensboro, NC 

Julia C. Neville, Newcomb & Boyd Lighting Design 

Group, Atlanta, GA 

International 

Laura Bellia (M), DETEC, Universita degli Studi di 

Napoli, Napoli, Italy 

Yeh Chia-Ming, CWI Lighting Design, Inc., Taipei, Taiwan 

Steven Tanyoto A.S. (M), PT Karsasahabat Inkatama, 

Jakarta, Indonesia 

Rogier van der Heide (M), Arup Lighting, Amsterdam, 

Netherlands 

82 www.iesna.org

SUSTAINING MEMBERS 

The following companies have elected to support the Society as Sustaining 

Members which allows the IESNA to fund programs that benefit all segments 

of the membership and pursue new endeavors, including education projects, 

lighting research and recommended practices. The level of support is classified 

by the amount of annual dues, based on a company’s annual lighting revenues: 

Copper: $500 annual dues 

Lighting revenues to $4 million 

(Copper members are listed in one 

issue of LD+A each year, as well as 

in the IESNA Annual Report.) 

Silver: $1,000 annual dues 


Gold: $2,500 annual dues 


Platinum: $5,000 annual dues 


Emerald: $10,000 annual dues 


Diamond: $15,000 annual dues 

Lighting revenues over $500 

million 

DIAMOND 

Cooper Lighting 

General Electric Co. 

Lithonia Lighting 

OSRAM SYLVANIA Products, Inc. 

Philips Lighting Co. 

EMERALD 

Holophane Corporation 

PLATINUM 

Day-Brite Capri Omega 

Lightolier 

Lutron Electronics Co, Inc. 

GOLD 

A.L.P. Lighting Components Co. 

Altman Lighting Inc 

The Bodine Company 

Canlyte Inc. 

Con-Tech Lighting 

Duke Power Co. 

Edison Price Lighting, Inc. 

Finelite, Inc. 

Florida Power Lighting Solutions 

Gardco Lighting 

Indy Lighting, Inc. 

Kenall Mfg Co. 

The Kirlin Company 

Kurt Versen Co. 

LexaLite Int’l Corp 

Lighting Services Inc 

LiteTouch, Inc. 

Louis Poulsen Lighting 

LSI Industries, Inc. 

Lucifer Lighting Co. 

Martin Professional, Inc. 

Musco Sports Lighting, Inc. 

Niagara Mohawk Power Corp 

Prudential Lighting Corp 

RAB Lighting, Inc. 

San Diego Gas & Electric 

SPI Lighting 

Vista Professional Outdoor Lighting 

The Watt Stopper Inc. 

Zumtobel Staff Lighting, Inc. 

SILVER 

Altuglas International, Arkema Inc. 

Associated Lighting Representatives. Inc. 

Axis Lighting Inc. 

Bartco Lighting, Inc. 

Barth Electric Co., Inc. 

Beta Lighting, Inc. 

Birchwood Lighting, Inc. 

BJB Electric Corporation 

Border States Electric Supply 

Bulbrite Industries, Inc. 

Celestial Products 

City of San Francisco 

Con Edison of New York 

Custom Lighting Services, LLC 

Custom Lights, Inc. 

Day Lite Maintenance Co. 

Eastern Energy Services, Inc. 

Eclipse Lighting, Inc. 

Elko Ltd 

Elliptipar 

Enmax 

Enterprise Lighting Sales 

ETC Architectural 

Eye Lighting Industries 

Eye Lighting Int’l of NA 

Fiberstars 

Focal Point 

Gammalux Systems 

H E Williams, Inc. 

HDLC 

Illuminating Technologies, Inc. 

Kramer Lighting 

Lee Filters 

Legion Lighting Co. 

Leviton Mfg. Co. Inc. 

Lightology LLC 

LiteTech 

Litecontrol Corp 

Litelab Corp 

Litetronics Int’l Inc. 

Lowel Light Manufacturing 

Lumascap USA Inc. 

Manitoba Hydro 

Manning Lighting 

Metalumen Manufacturing, Inc. 

OCEM/Multi Electric Mfg. Inc. 

Optical Research Associates 

Paramount Industries, Inc. 

Peter Basso Associates, Inc. 

Portland General Electric 

Prescolite, Inc. 

Reflex Lighting Group, Inc. 

Richard McDonald & Associates, Ltd. 

- Calgary 

Richard McDonald & Associates, Ltd. 

- Edmonton 

Ruud Lighting Canada Corp. 

Sentry Electric Corporation 

Shakespeare Composites & Structures 

Southern California Edison 

Sternberg Vintage Lighting 

Strand Lighting, Inc. 

StressCrete King Luminaire Co. 

Tennessee Valley Authority 

Universal Electric Ltd. 

US Architectural Lighting/Sun Valley 

Lighting 

Utility Metals 

Velux America Inc. 

WJ Whatley Inc. 

WAC Lighting, Co. 

Wisconsin Public Service Corp 

Wybron, Inc. 

Xenon Light, Inc. 

IES SUSTAINING 

MEMBERS 

As of November 2005 

January 2006 83

IES FYI 

Section Outreach Programs 

During the past year, sections have held 99th birthday parties where members gathered to reminisce and assembled 

interesting facts about lighting in their area to be assembled into a “Book of Lighting Records.” 

In addition, 20 IESNA sections are participating in the public outreach program during the Centennial year to showcase 

the importance of lighting in their communities. These Outreach Programs are resulting in a constructive engagement 

between the public, decision makers, and design professionals – leading to increased awareness, appreciation, and understanding 

of how lighting can enhance the quality of life in a community. 

One of these sections will receive the Members Choice Award during the Members Lunch, on Tuesday, January 10, 2006, at the 

Centennial Conference. The following summaries provide a glimpse into the innovative programs developed at the Section level. 

Blue Ridge Section (Blacksburg, 

VA)–To bring an awareness of proper 

lighting techniques, the section will 

teach a course in lighting for 120 architectural 

students at Virginia Tech. 

British Columbia Section–Assisted 

with fundraising for the “Lights of 

Hope,” an annual holiday season 

event of illuminating the exterior of a 

historic building. Donated an IESNA 

Lighting Library to BCIT in Richmond, 

BC and provided guest lecturers for a 

Lighting and Color Class. Exchanged 

ideas about lighting technology and 

design with industrial design students 

at Emily Carr College who then 

designed a lighting fixture around a 

single compact fluorescent lamp. 

and the Calgary Science Centre in an 

advisory capacity to promote the 

temporary illumination of the tower 

(625 foot tall structure) and increase 

public awareness of the joint centennials 

of the IESNA and the Province 

of Alberta, Canada. 

Cleveland Section–Working with 

the Soldiers and Sailors Memorial 

Foundation to insure a historically 

accurate recreation of the lighting, 

and partnering with the Western 

Reserve Historical Society and the 

Smithsonian Institute on a history of 

lighting exhibit. 

East Carolina Section (Raleigh, 

NC)–Will assist the North Carolina 

Firefighters in fundraising for the 

by working with partners in design 

societies and the local utility to promote 

energy conscious design. 

National Capital Section(Ottawa, 

Canada)–Developing rules for a community 

contest for holiday lighting displays; 

presenting a lighting workshop 

for local students in design studies; 

and developing a presentation on light 

as a part of the science curriculum in 

local grade schools. 

New York Section–Bringing an understanding 

of exterior nighttime lighting 

to the inhabitants of the city by creating 

a “Night Seeing Map”; using the 

MTA New York subway system to 

illustrate the history of lighting; working 

with the New York Hall of Science 

Capital Section (Washington, proper illumination of the Fallen in updating various exhibits on the science 

DC)–Developing courses on Firefighters Memorial, and will 

of lighting; assisting Project Find 

“Understanding Light Energy” and 

“Light as Art,” that will be targeted 

for the 4th and 5th grade curriculums 

of the local public schools. 

offer guidance to the contractor 

referring to the IESNA guidelines 

and recommended practices to 

properly feature the facial expressions 

of the sculpture. 

Community Center in New York City 

in securing fundraising to update the 

lighting in the senior citizen center; and 

working with the Queen’s Museum of 

Art to update their Panorama of the 

Chicago Section–Students will 

City of New York. 

shadow lighting professionals from Michigan Section (Detroit)– 

the section for a day, and will have Purchasing lighting for 10 homes being Northern Gateway Section 

the opportunity to rotate with three 

different lighting professionals to 

experience different aspects of a 

lighting project. 

Chinook Section (Calgary, Canada)– 

Will work with Bentall’s Management 

built by Habitat for Humanity. The section 

will also solicit IESNA members to 

volunteer to build a home. 

Montreal Section–Teaching a basic 

lighting course for electrical contractors 

and promoting energy efficiency 

(Edmonton, Canada)–To honor the 

High Level Bridge and its association 

with the centennial celebration 

of the Province, the section is 

working on securing funds for the 

temporary illumination of a portion 

of the bridge. 

86 www.iesna.org

Ohio Valley Section–Partnering with 

local organizations to secure funding 

for a Product Fair that will promote 

the IESNA and the benefits of 

using the practices and principles 

of IESNA in both commercial and 

residential lighting design. 

Oregon Section–Promoting interest 

in the IESNA by working with a local 

TV station to hold a contest whereby 

residents identify the location of the 

IESNA logo, projected in different 

areas around town. 

Philadelphia Section–Enlightened 

Philadelphia–A two-step educational 

outreach program designed 

to teach about the benefits of lighting 

for both future professionals 

in training and practicing professionals 

and to raise the visibility 

of the IESNA in the professional 

academic community. 

Pittsburgh Section–Partnered with 

the Electric League of Western 

Pennsylvania to create Green Light 

Pittsburgh whose mission is to 

foster a better understanding of 

sustainability as it pertains to the 

lighting industry. 

San Jacinto Section (Houston, 

TX)–Section and Alumni funds 

will be contributed to underwrite 

the illumination of the dormitories 

at the University of Houston in 

school colors. 

St. Louis Section–Is establishing 

a student scholarship fund, underwriting 

NOVA on the local PBS 

station, establishing a LC Library, 

partnering with the local USGBC 

and IFMA chapters to increase the 

visibility of the IESNA and conduct- 

LD+A in 

2006 

There’s some 

breaking news 

here at LD+A. 

First, 

pleased 

we’re 

to 

report that the 

2006 LD+A 

Media Kit has 

received a Silver Award in the 2005 

All-Media contest sponsored by 

Association Trends. Congratulations 

go to associate art director Petra 

Domingo, who designed the media 

kit, and marketing manager Sue 

Foley, who produced the content. 

Second, as you’ve probably 

noticed by now, this issue marks 

the debut of the redesigned 

LD+A magazine. Last fall, IESNA 

commissioned an independent 

Editorial Guidance Survey conducted 

by The Wayman Group. 

Thanks to all readers who 

responded to the survey. The 

survey addressed topics including 

article content and length; 

the number of articles published 

in each issue; and the magazine’s 

design/aesthetic appeal. We used 

a 1-4 rating scale to force respondents 

to commit to a positive or 

negative rating, as opposed to a 

ing a free RP-3 or DG-5 seminar 

to members of local Planning and 

Zoning Commissions. 

Susquehanna Section (Harrisburg, 

PA)–Presentation to the Pennsylvania 

Association of School Board 

Associate art director Petra Domingo 

and art director Samuel Fontanez. 

1-5 scale, whereby respondents 

can “hedge” by choosing a three. 

The results were quite positive 

(75 percent say LD+A “strikes the 

right balance” between technical 

and non-technical content; 83 

percent say feature stories are 

“about the right length,” etc.). 

The average design rating 

was 3.2 (a solid B average) and 

the overall satisfaction rating 

was a rather robust 89 percent, 

but only 31 percent gave us the 

top mark of four, so there was 

clearly room for improvement. 

This redesign incorporates many 

of your comments gleaned from 

the reader survey. The original 

design concept was developed 

by our former art director 

and then honed by our current 

design team—Samuel Fontanez, 

art director, and Petra Domingo, 

associate art director 

’Nuff said. A magazine redesign 

is like a telling a joke. If you have to 

explain it, then it doesn’t work. 

Paul Tarricone, Editor 

Administrators on both the importance 

and function of lighting educational 

facilities and of lighting 

education in school curriculums. 

Toledo Section–Will build an 

illuminated float and participate 

in the Maumee Holiday Evening 

Parade. The theme of the float will 

be the IESNA and its Centennial 

Celebration. 


IES FYI 

Second Public Review 

of Healthcare RP 

BSR/IESNA RP-29-05, Lighting for Hospitals and Health 

Care Facilities, is the Standard Practice that describes lighting 

concepts and design solutions for various health care 

facilities with a focus on patient sensibilities and comfort. 

Design considerations and lighting recommendations are 

presented for most every type of hospital environment 

Members In The News 

Acuity Brands, Atlanta, GA, was awarded the highest 

rating for its support and policies relating to employees 

in the National Guard and Reserves. The award was 

presented by ESGR (Employer Support of the Guard and 

Reserve), an agency of the Department of Defense, during 

a ceremony at company headquarters in Atlanta. 

ESGR awards its 5-Star Statement of Support to 

employers who “go above and beyond what is required by 

from birthing rooms to the autopsy suite. RP-29-05 has just 

been significantly revised by its authoring committee in 

response to comments received during a first public review 

conducted earlier in 2005. RP-29-05 will replace an existing 

IESNA document and is being submitted for approval as an 

ANSI standard. Second public review dates ends January 

24. Review copies of the newly revised draft standard ($25 

per copy) may be obtained from Rita Harrold at Tel: 212- 

248-5000 ext. 115 or email: rharrold@iesna.org 

law,” and less than 

one percent qualifies 

for this recognition. 

At Acuity Brands, this 

includes salary supplements, 

continued benefits, 

education, training 

and the appointment 

of an official advocate, 

a role filled by John 

K. Morgan, executive 

vice president of Acuity Brands and president of Acuity 

Brands Lighting. 

Vernon J. Nagel, chairman, president 

and CEO of Acuity Brands, adds his 

signature to the ESGR Award. Front 

row, far left, is John K. Morgan, 

president and CEO of Acuity Brands 

Lighting. 

Wybron, Inc., Colorado Springs, CO, promoted Kara 

O’Grady to northeastern sales manager. 

Lutron Electronics, Coopersburg, PA, announced the 

winners of the “Better Light – Better Rooms” lighting and 

room makeover sweepstakes, which ran in 119 lighting 

showrooms nationwide from April 1 – June 30, 2005. The 

grand prize winner received $2500 in Lutron products, 

$2500 in lighting fixtures and design services from Energy 

Plus Wholesale Lighting in Santa Rosa, CA, and $15,000 

towards a room makeover. In addition to the grand prize, 

Lutron awarded one first prize winner $5000 toward 

Lutron lighting control products and 25 second place winners 

a Maestro IR remote control dimmer. 

Leviton Manufacturing Company, Little Neck, NY, and 

the Sensors and Controls Division of Texas Instruments 

Incorporated, have entered into a strategic alliance that 

will focus on the co-development of products that provide 

protection against the hazard of arc faults, high power 

electrical discharges that occur between two or more 

conductors in electrical wiring. 

88 www.iesna.org

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