COMMeMOratiVe ISSue - Illuminating Engineering Society

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I E S : A H I S T O RY I E S : A H I S T O RY The International Illumination Design Awards program turns 33 in 2006. A look at how we got here On the Way To THE IIDA Projects are submitted; judges meet; projects advance through the Section, Region and International levels; designers are feted at the IESNA conference luncheon; and their work is featured in LD+A. It all runs like clockwork, right Today, perhaps the answer is yes. But the journey to this point has been half the fun. Here’s at glimpse at how the Society’s earlier award programs spawned the IIDA. The Lighting Competition • • The Society’s official awards competition until 1973. Projects are evaluated against each other, rather than judged on their own merits. The competition begins losing prestige and fails to attract significant project submissions. • A rival program emerges, as the New York Section of the IESNA creates the Lumen Awards in 1968. The Lumens are meant to recognize the designer, rather than the project. First-year recipients include Jules Fisher, David Mintz and Lesley Wheel. By 1971, the Lumens warrant 12 pages of coverage in LD+A. Lighting Design Awards • The Lighting Design Awards replace the Lighting Competition in 1974. The announcement is made by the IES Lighting Competition Committee in the February 1973 issue of LD+A. • The new program is not a “competition”; rather it offers the chance to celebrate a designer’s submission. In addition, owners of the installation are to receive awards, as well. • At the heart of the new program is a three-part design criteria (design, problem/solution and contribution to the lighting art) to which the nominator must relate the installation in question. • The entry form includes a daunting 25 questions related to the above three criteria. In an analysis of the new program in LD+A, June 1974, entitled, “The LDA program-some patience please,” editor Chuck Beardsley writes “much of the difficulty this year can be attributed to a failure to answer adequately the 25 criteria questions—if at all. In fact, many nominators submitted a script and disregarded the criteria entirely. This approach was acceptable under the rules of the old IES Lighting Competition but misses the point of the new program...” • The program is implemented at the Section, Region and International levels, while awards of Distinction, Excellence and Merit are given—the basic framework still in use today. • The first year of the Lighting Design Awards results in 71 nominations from 26 sections; 21 submissions advance for final judging. • Designers Ralph Hopkinson and Newton Watson become the first Award of Distinction recipients for their lighting of the London Stock Exchange. IIDA • reflect the “international character of the program.” • The Lighting Design Awards are recast in 1984 as the IIDAs to The new name also removes any confusion about the magazine’s role in the prior LDA program. As Beardsley wrote in 1974, “the LDA program is related to LD+A, the magazine, in name only. The magazine’s staff plays no role in judging or managing the program.” • Ultimately, the rigid criteria of the LDA nominating process are relaxed. Today, a maximum 250-word project description and 10 images are required. • Today, the IIDA program composes four parallel programs honoring indoor, outdoor, residential and energy/environmental design. • In 2005, more than 500 IIDA entries were received; 16 received international awards. IES Presidents 1980-2006 Donald R. Marcue 1980-1981 Stephen S. Squillace 1981-1982 Lewis S. Sternberg 1982-1983 Howard M. Brandston 1983-1984 James E. Jewell 1984-1985 Rita M. Harrold 1985-1986 Robert V. Day 1986-1987 Richard C. LeVere 1987-1988 Roger L. Knott 1988-1989 Stephen L. Spier 1989-1990 Donald C. Thomas 1990-1991 Jerry W. White, Jr. 1991-1992 Russell D. Churchill 1992-1993 Joseph B. Murdoch 1993-1994 Jack L. Lindsey 1994-1995 Thomas M. Brownlee 1995-1996 Diarmuid J. McSweeney 1996-1997 David J. Geyman 1997-1998 Joseph M. Good, III 1998-1999 Ian Lewin 1999-2000 Martyn K. Timmings 2000-2001 Pamela K. Horner 2001-2002 Randy Reid 2002-2003 Ronnie Farrar 2003-2004 Craig A. Bernecker 2004-2005 Alan L. Lewis 2005-2006 900 athletes from 20 countries participate in the Olympics in Athens, Greece. Britain takes the Sinai. The Chicago White Sox defeat the Chicago Cubs in the World Series. Royal Canadian Navy is formed. A cyclone named Regina tears the city of Alberta, Canada apart in three minutes. 56 www.iesna.org LD+A January 2006 57
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T Lamp Technology Ami Argand 1782, France Invents what came to be called the “Argand Burner,” which used a circular wick to bring more oxygen to a flame, resulting in a significant increase in light output. Uses the then-new theory of combustion by oxygen proposed by Lavoisier. Adds the use of glass chimneys for lamps. ThE PIONEERS As the Society turns 100, we present 91 individuals who helped shape the industry It has always been intended that a list of notable lighting personages be a part of the IESNA’s Centennial activities. However, lighting did not begin on January 10, 1906, nor has it been limited to the Society since then. The founders of the Society built on the research, development and effort of those who had been there before them. An initial list of lighting notables was developed by the past presidents of the Society led by Richard LeVere. This was developed further by the History and Heritage Committee, under the leadership of Viggo Bech Rambusch, and by members of the Centennial Committee. Valuable contributions of names were made by Prof. David Di- Laura and more recent individuals were suggested by past president Pam Homer. A number of others made suggestions, extensive or brief, but always helpful. A Centennial Subcommittee, asked to present a final list, identified a total of 77 lighting notables and, based on their area of achievement, separated them into nine groups. The groups are lamp technology; luminaire development; measurement; calculation; optics/color; vision; education; application; and design. Where they could be identified, the year of each pioneer’s work and the country in which it took place are included. The subcommittee members also identified 14 industrialists responsible for founding some of the first companies in the industry. Not everyone on the following list is from North America and not everyone was a part of the llluminating Engineering Society. But each individual has, in some way, influenced what we do today in our work in light and vision and has helped us in the ways in which we bring the benefits of lighting to the user public. Robert Coble 1955, U.S. Produces highly translucent aluminum oxide (Lucalox), enabling the development of high-pressure sodium lamps, which helped transform roadway lighting. William Coolidge 1909, U.S. Develops ductile tungsten wire, which represented a radical change in incandescent lamp efficacy. Peter Cooper-Hewitt 1902, U.S. Involved in the development of low-pressure mercury discharge lamps. Thomas Edison 1879-82, U.S. The Wizard of Menlo Park invents the first practical, commercial incandescent lamp and supporting electric generation equipment to produce the first incandescent lighting system. Elmer G. Fridrich 1954, U.S. Discovers and uses the tungsten-halogen cycle within a quartz bulb to produce a new incandescent lamp. This greatly improves lumen maintenance. 58 www.iesna.org LD+A January 2006 59 Argand Coble Coolidge Hewitt Edison Fridrich Germer Holonyak Inman Thayer Langmuir Louden Schmidt Murdock Reiling Swan Waymouth Weisbach Yablochkov Blondel Dobras Stair Bunsen Dibdin Judd Kruss Nickerson Nutt
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