COMMeMOratiVe ISSue - Illuminating Engineering Society
COMMeMOratiVe ISSue - Illuminating Engineering Society
COMMeMOratiVe ISSue - Illuminating Engineering Society
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January 2006<br />
L i g h t i n g D e s i g n + A p p l i c a t i o n<br />
COMMEMORATIVE<br />
ISSUE<br />
c e l e b r a t i n g<br />
IESNA<br />
Years
january 2006<br />
VOL. 36/NO. 1<br />
I E S N A C E N T E N N I A L I S S U E<br />
58 73 50 67<br />
features<br />
departments<br />
4 Editorial<br />
6 Letters<br />
10 Executive Vice President Reports<br />
12 President’s Perspective<br />
16 Updates<br />
20 Energy Advisor<br />
26 Green Ideas<br />
30 Research Matters<br />
36 Careers & Hiring<br />
71 IESNA Membership Application<br />
77 IIDA Nomination Form<br />
81 Calendar of Events<br />
82 New and Sustaining Members<br />
84 Classified Advertisements<br />
85 Ad Offices & Ad Index<br />
86 IES FYI<br />
42 ‘It has been Proposed to form a<br />
society’<br />
Lighting’s preeminent historian describes how<br />
visionaries, risk takers, practitioners, academics<br />
and businessmen banded together in 1905-06 to<br />
create the IES<br />
50 IESNA RETROSPECTIVE<br />
A look at the key milestones in the <strong>Society</strong>’s history<br />
58 THE Pioneers<br />
As the <strong>Society</strong> turns 100, we present 91 individuals<br />
who helped shape the industry<br />
67 What they’d like to light<br />
A group of lighting designers describe their ‘dream<br />
projects’<br />
73 King (or Queen) for a day<br />
We asked an eclectic mix of lighting professionals<br />
to fill in the blank of the following statement: ‘If I<br />
were lighting czar for a day, the one thing I would<br />
change is _____’<br />
ON THE COVER:<br />
LD+A commemorates the IESNA Centennial by “ celebrating the<br />
past. . . imagining the future.”
E D I T O R I A L<br />
While doing research for this commemorative issue of<br />
LD+A, I got goose bumps after coming across the following passage from Ruby<br />
Redford’s Editorial in the January 1956 issue of <strong>Illuminating</strong> <strong>Engineering</strong>: “The issue<br />
of the <strong>Society</strong>’s journal which will commemorate the IES Centennial in the year 2006<br />
will be prepared by an editor as yet unborn, or currently in his playpen. He will no<br />
doubt be grateful to the men who undertook months of research, months of work,<br />
in the preparation of the fifty-year summary.”<br />
How correct Ms. Redford was. I am that “as yet unborn editor,” and, yes, I am<br />
eternally grateful to those responsible for creating not only the 50 th anniversary edition<br />
of <strong>Illuminating</strong> <strong>Engineering</strong> but much of that vast archive of resources which<br />
resides around the corner from my office in our conference room/library. The<br />
January ‘56 issue (far right cabinet, second shelf from the bottom) and various back<br />
issues of LD+A are still cluttered with yellow Post-it notes, and I would typically<br />
break into a cold sweat when I found a historically significant periodical had been<br />
temporarily “checked out” by a colleague.<br />
Building on Ruby Redford’s 50 th anniversary issue and LD+A editor Wanda<br />
Jankowski’s 75 th anniversary issue in January 1981, this month’s LD+A is meant<br />
to reflect the overarching theme of the IESNA Centennial: “Celebrating the past...<br />
Imagining the future.” To celebrate the past, we’ve taken a two-pronged approach,<br />
focusing on the birth and evolution of the IESNA itself (pgs. 42-57), as well as the<br />
milestones and people that have influenced lighting and “illuminating engineering”<br />
as a discipline (pgs. 58-65). Next, we move on to “imagining the future.” We asked<br />
several of our regular columnists to speculate on some of the trends that might<br />
drive professional practice and the industry in the coming years. Finally, two roundtable<br />
panels describe their dream projects and suggest changes in the industry they<br />
would mandate if they were “lighting czar” for a day.<br />
Much of what you will read here would not have been possible without the<br />
efforts of Centennial Committee members and others dedicated to ensuring that<br />
this Centennial theme issue would represent our collective best efforts. Special<br />
thanks go to Kevin Flynn (Centennial Committee chair), Richard LeVere and James<br />
Jewell for spearheading the work on the “Lighting Pioneers” compilation.<br />
Finally, a message to the editor as yet unborn, or currently in his or her playpen,<br />
who will prepare the next anniversary issue of an IESNA periodical: I hope you<br />
find the material in this issue of LD+A and in our “Century Series” useful, relevant,<br />
educational and entertaining.<br />
Publisher<br />
William Hanley, CAE<br />
Editor<br />
Paul Tarricone<br />
Associate Editor<br />
John-Michael Kobes<br />
Assistant Editor<br />
Roslyn Lowe<br />
Art Director<br />
Samuel Fontanez<br />
Associate Art Director<br />
Petra Domingo<br />
Columnists<br />
Emlyn G. Altman • Denise Fong<br />
Brian Liebel • Doug Paulin • Paul Pompeo<br />
Willard Warren<br />
Book Review Editor<br />
Paulette Hebert, Ph.D.<br />
Marketing Manager<br />
Sue Foley<br />
Advertising Coordinator<br />
Leslie Prestia<br />
Published by IESNA<br />
120 Wall Street, 17th Floor<br />
New York, NY 10005-4001<br />
Phone: 212-248-5000<br />
Fax: 212-248-5017/18<br />
Website: www.iesna.org<br />
Email: iesna@iesna.org<br />
LD+A is a magazine for professionals involved in the art, science,<br />
study, manufacture, teaching, and implementation of lighting. LD+A<br />
is designed to enhance and improve the practice of lighting. Every<br />
issue of LD+A includes feature articles on design projects, technical<br />
articles on the science of illumination, new product developments,<br />
industry trends, news of the <strong>Illuminating</strong> <strong>Engineering</strong> <strong>Society</strong> of North<br />
America, and vital information about the illuminating profession.<br />
Statements and opinions expressed in articles and editorials in LD+A<br />
are the expressions of contributors and do not necessarily represent<br />
the policies or opinions of the <strong>Illuminating</strong> <strong>Engineering</strong> <strong>Society</strong> of<br />
North America. Advertisements appearing in this publication are the<br />
sole responsibility of the advertiser.<br />
LD+A (ISSN 0360-6325) is published monthly in the United States of<br />
America by the <strong>Illuminating</strong> <strong>Engineering</strong> <strong>Society</strong> of North America,<br />
120 Wall Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10005, 212-248-5000.<br />
Copyright 2006 by the <strong>Illuminating</strong> <strong>Engineering</strong> <strong>Society</strong> of North<br />
America. Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY 10005 and<br />
additional mailing offices. Nonmember subscriptions $44.00 per year.<br />
Additional $15.00 postage for subscriptions outside the United States.<br />
Member subscriptions $32.00 (not deductible from annual dues).<br />
Additional subscriptions $44.00. Single copies $4.00, except Lighting<br />
Equipment & Accessories Directory and Progress Report issues<br />
$10.00. Authorization to reproduce articles for internal or personal<br />
use by specific clients is granted by IESNA to libraries and other users<br />
registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional<br />
Reporting Service, provided a fee of $2.00 per copy is paid directly to<br />
CCC, 21 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970. IESNA fee code: 0360-<br />
6325/86 $2.00. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying<br />
for purposes such as general distribution, advertising or promotion,<br />
creating new collective works, or resale.<br />
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to LD+A, 120 Wall Street,<br />
17th Floor, New York, NY 10005. Subscribers: For continuous service<br />
please notify LD+A of address changes at least six weeks in advance.<br />
Paul tarricone<br />
Editor<br />
ptarricone@iesna.org<br />
This publication is indexed regularly by <strong>Engineering</strong> Index,<br />
Inc. and Applied Science & Technology Index. LD+A is available<br />
on microfilm from Proquest Information and Learning,<br />
800-521-0600, Ann Arbor, MI<br />
<br />
www.iesna.org
L E T T E R S<br />
LEDs Take Flight<br />
I was pleased to see the first<br />
issue of LD+A themed to LED applications<br />
(November 2005). In addition<br />
to the issues of quantity, quality,<br />
CRI and consistency raised in<br />
Kevin Dowling’s excellent article<br />
(“Crossing the Chasm”), there are<br />
a few other issues that are equally<br />
important to lighting professionals.<br />
The LED community needs to “talk<br />
the talk” of the lighting industry.<br />
This includes moving away from<br />
lamp efficacy only and providing<br />
data on the system efficacy (including<br />
the drivers) and system efficiency<br />
(how much of the available light<br />
is actually getting out). The behavior<br />
of most conventional light sources is<br />
well understood, but the LED industry<br />
needs to agree on a standard for<br />
measuring and publishing lumen<br />
maintenance, as well as variations<br />
in light output due to temperature<br />
variations. When LED luminaires for<br />
general illumination are available,<br />
and the necessary information is<br />
properly provided in standard format,<br />
then lighting practitioners can<br />
consider selecting LED products for<br />
specific applications.<br />
Jeffrey D. Schwartz<br />
ICF Consulting, Albany, NY<br />
I am enjoying the November LD+A,<br />
devoted in large part to LEDs. I would<br />
have enjoyed it much more if there<br />
was a small advertisement for IESNA<br />
TM-16-05! TM16 is a great all-in-one<br />
publication that covers the history of<br />
the LED, efficacy issues, life issues,<br />
lumen maintenance issues, explains<br />
how they are made and even does<br />
some forecasting of where this “moving<br />
target” will be in the next five, 10<br />
and 15 years. The section on “three<br />
ways of making white light” even gives<br />
designers the advantages and disadvantages<br />
to each. The IESNA Light<br />
Sources Committee did a great job on<br />
this publication and I think it should be<br />
on every “lighting geek’s” shelf.<br />
Doug Paulin<br />
Packerland Lighting Sales,<br />
Egg Harbor, WI<br />
The article “Finally Blue” (LD+A,<br />
November) makes a one-sentence<br />
reference to FarLight, “...80 LED fixtures<br />
from FarLight, Wilmington, CA<br />
are used...” Unfortunately, it is not<br />
clear from the article that FarLight’s<br />
luminaires are completely different<br />
from the pictured Ledtronics’<br />
“jelly jar.” FarLight’s luminaire, with<br />
unique toroidal non-imaging optic,<br />
was specifically designed for the<br />
Vincent Thomas Bridge project. We<br />
provided a<br />
high intensity<br />
f a n - s h a p e d<br />
beam light pattern<br />
with visibility<br />
up to 10<br />
miles using only five<br />
high brightness LEDs. We think that<br />
readers would have appreciated an<br />
explanation of distinction between<br />
two totally different LED luminaire<br />
design concepts, especially in an<br />
issue dedicated to LED lighting.<br />
Robert H. Tudhope<br />
FarLight LLC, Wilmington, CA<br />
PRESIDENT<br />
Alan L. Lewis, O.D., Ph.D., FIES<br />
The New England College of Optometry<br />
PAST PRESIDENT<br />
Craig A. Bernecker<br />
The Lighting Education Institute<br />
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT<br />
(President-Elect)<br />
Kevin Flynn<br />
Kiku Obata & Company<br />
VP-EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES<br />
Ronald Gibbons, Ph.D.<br />
Virginia Tech Transportation Institute<br />
VP-TECHNICAL & RESEARCH<br />
Pekka Hakkarainen<br />
Lutron Electronics Co. Inc.<br />
VP-DESIGN & APPLICATION<br />
Joseph B. Murdoch, Ph.D., FIES<br />
University of New Hampshire (retired)<br />
VP-MEMBER ACTIVITIES<br />
Kimberly Szinger<br />
Stantec Consulting<br />
TREASURER<br />
Boyd Corbett<br />
S2C Incorporated<br />
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT<br />
William Hanley, CAE<br />
IESNA<br />
DIRECTORS<br />
David A. Baum<br />
Holophane<br />
James Cyre<br />
Philips Lighting<br />
Terrance Kilbourne, LC<br />
TEC, Inc.<br />
Denis Lavoie, LC<br />
Lumec, Inc<br />
Russ Owens, LC<br />
West Coast Design Group<br />
RVP/DIRECTORS<br />
Craig Kohring<br />
mda engineering, inc.<br />
Thomas Tolen, LC<br />
TMT Associates<br />
2005-2006<br />
Board of Directors<br />
IESNA<br />
<br />
www.iesna.org
L E T T E R S<br />
A Second Look at the<br />
‘Vision Thing’<br />
Brian Liebel raises two interesting<br />
points in his “Hot Button” column<br />
(LD+A, November). First, he asks,<br />
“Should we, as lighting professionals,<br />
use a different standard than<br />
optometrists” The answer is both<br />
no and yes, depending on what we,<br />
as lighting professionals, want to<br />
use the standard for. Where we are<br />
interested in the effect of lighting<br />
conditions on visual acuity then it<br />
would be madness to use any metric<br />
other than that used by optometrists.<br />
But when we are choosing<br />
a light source for application there<br />
are many other light source characteristics<br />
of interest, so it would then<br />
be madness to confine our considerations<br />
to visual acuity alone.<br />
Second, he avers that fine adjustments<br />
in vision at the threshold<br />
level impact reading speed and<br />
visual comfort for normal reading<br />
tasks. This is true up to a point, that<br />
point being where the target is three<br />
to four times larger than threshold,<br />
i.e. when it subtends three to<br />
four min arc at the eye. All I can<br />
say in response to his assertion<br />
is that in the study he references<br />
we measured the speed and accuracy<br />
of identifying the orientation of<br />
Landolt rings with gaps sized from<br />
1.5 min arc to 14 min arc. We certainly<br />
found the expected increase<br />
in reading speed with increasing<br />
gap size but we found no statistically<br />
significant effect of spectrallyenhanced<br />
lighting.<br />
If Brian wishes to claim that spectrally-enhanced<br />
lighting improves<br />
reading speed for print sizes used in<br />
practice, I suggest he makes some<br />
measurements of normal reading<br />
tasks done with and without spectrally-enhanced<br />
lighting at the same illuminance<br />
and publishes the results. As<br />
principle investigator for research in<br />
the field of spectrally-enhanced lighting<br />
for the U.S. Department of Energy,<br />
he is surely in a position to do so.<br />
Peter R. Boyce, Fellow, IESNA<br />
Canterbury, Kent, Great Britain<br />
Reflections of a Member<br />
Emeritus<br />
Fifty years of IESNA membership<br />
is not noteworthy in itself, requiring<br />
only living long enough and paying<br />
dues. During the years I did however<br />
come to love and embrace lighting,<br />
while lighting in turn enveloped me.<br />
Lighting sales provided my livelihood<br />
while lighting design offered<br />
me excitement.<br />
Lighting, IES and IALD with their<br />
cadres of design professionals earned<br />
their places along with architecture<br />
and AIA. First limited to New York and<br />
other major cities, lighting designers<br />
began to appear on projects of<br />
all types and sizes and in all locales.<br />
Lighting design moved away from a<br />
tradition wherein electrical engineers<br />
and architects just “did” the lighting<br />
design along with their other (and<br />
more important) design functions<br />
for which they had been trained.<br />
Two pioneers of lighting design<br />
exposed me to its limitless potential.<br />
Bill Lam and I first became<br />
acquainted when we represented<br />
his lighting manufacturing company,<br />
Lam, Inc. His approach to lighting<br />
design, independent of commercial<br />
influences, struck a chord<br />
with me—it just made sense. Claude<br />
Engle and I met while he worked<br />
in his father’s engineering firm in<br />
Washington, DC. He continues today<br />
to produce exceptional designs and<br />
has spawned a generation of awardwinning<br />
professionals.<br />
There have been times of disaffection<br />
with the IES—during the 1950s,<br />
‘60s and early ‘70s with the everescalating<br />
recommended levels of<br />
illuminance. The <strong>Society</strong> was publishing<br />
standards which were in turn<br />
supported and promoted shamelessly<br />
by the producers of lamps,<br />
lighting fixtures and electric power.<br />
As a salesman; I found myself out of<br />
step with my peers of the day.<br />
Someone at that time characterized<br />
IES as follows: “We cannot<br />
decide whether we are a professional<br />
society or an industry trade<br />
group.” That was then, this is now.<br />
Forty years later, we need only to<br />
compare current issues of LD+A<br />
with their predecessors of that period<br />
to recognize and respect our<br />
present level of collective maturity—as<br />
a <strong>Society</strong>, a profession and<br />
an industry.<br />
Dick Dunlop, Member Emeritus<br />
Chesapeake Lighting Associates<br />
Columbia, MD<br />
Clarification<br />
“Bringing the Great Outdoors<br />
Inside” (LD+A, September) noted<br />
that the Atlanta Area Council<br />
Boy Scouts of America Volunteer<br />
Service Center received a 2004 IIDA<br />
Award of Merit. That award went<br />
to designers Matthew Hartley and<br />
Sean McLendon.<br />
<br />
www.iesna.org
E X E C U T I V E V I C E P R E S I D E N T R E P O R T S<br />
While the fiduciary responsibility and policy decisions are clearly in<br />
the purview of the Board of Directors, I think it’s appropriate at this time to add a note about staff, those<br />
charged with the implementation of <strong>Society</strong> programs.<br />
Staff has been involved from the very beginning. On February 13, 1906, the secretary reported that<br />
“the services of Mr. George H. Guy had been secured to act as Corresponding Secretary of the <strong>Society</strong> for<br />
a period of six months.” Interestingly, Mr. Guy was a member (or at least listed as such), but he disappears<br />
from the 1908 roster of members.<br />
Staff needs a place in which to work. On November<br />
9, 1906, “a resolution was adopted authorizing the<br />
rental of a room [9 ft x 15 ft] for the <strong>Society</strong> headquarters<br />
[already, that word is used] at the <strong>Engineering</strong> <strong>Society</strong><br />
Building [then located on 39th Street].“ The cost<br />
of rent was not to exceed $1.35 per sq ft.<br />
In 1907, the Council approved transferring the office<br />
to another room in the same building. Larger Louis<br />
B. Mark’s notes (or laments) that the office rent for<br />
Typical Office – <strong>Engineering</strong> <strong>Society</strong> Building, NYC, 1907<br />
1907 will be about $200.00. “It seems to members of<br />
the Council that was all we could afford to pay until our<br />
membership increases.”<br />
The chief staff officer is referred to as the General Secretary in the constitution approved in 1907; the<br />
duties of this position are sprinkled throughout the 1907 bylaws—“the General Secretary is to supply stationery<br />
to each Section“ and “is to receive from the Sections a monthly account of all expenditures in the<br />
preceeding month.” In 1907 the GS was charged to print membership certificates, the cost set at $1.00,<br />
that when dues were $5.00 per year.<br />
Louis B. Marks also announced at the Annual<br />
Meeting of the <strong>Society</strong> that Miss E. Westervelt was<br />
hired as assistant secretary in charge of the office.<br />
He goes on to note that her salary was to be $18.00<br />
(per month, I assume). Well, it was a small office.<br />
The Present<br />
The <strong>Society</strong> has been lucky over the years in securing<br />
a large number of competent staff. Some<br />
IESNA Office – United <strong>Engineering</strong> Center, NYC, 1961<br />
members certainly remember long term employees<br />
such as Ruby Redford, Lydia Bez, Cash Crouch, John Kaufmann and Al Leonard.<br />
I am very fortunate to have a number of long tenured professionals working with me. We know what<br />
has to be done and accomplish tasks with positive team spirit. The following groups current staff by department<br />
and notes the date of initial employment. While I hope it is of interest to you, it’s also a legacy<br />
to whomever considers the <strong>Society</strong> celebration of 2106.<br />
IESNA Office – 120 Wall Street, NYC (occupied since 1993)<br />
Rita Harrold (6/1/92) Director, Educational & Technical Activities<br />
Don Mennie (1/17/95) Technical Editor<br />
Nicole DeGirolamo (3/9/05) Assistant to Rita & Bill<br />
Bruce Sohl (9/10/90) Controller<br />
Irina Lantino-Stern (2/6/97)Bookkeeper/Assistant<br />
Albert Suen (8/28/89) Publication Sales Coordinator<br />
Bill Glazner (1/20/88) Data Processing Coordinator<br />
Valerie Landers (6/9/86) Director, Member Activities<br />
Christine Walther (4/5/99) Member Services Coordinator<br />
Joyce Edinboro (11/26/90) Receptionist<br />
Anastasia De Leon (5/6/05) Assistant<br />
Sue Foley (3/26/01) Marketing Manager<br />
Leslie Prestia (10/28/02) Assistant<br />
Paul Tarricone (3/3/03) Editor, LD+A<br />
John-Michael Kobes (11/6/00) Associate Editor<br />
Roslyn Lowe (4/14/86) Assistant Editor<br />
Samuel Fontanez (1/24/00) Art Director<br />
Petra Domingo (1/31/05) Associate Art Director<br />
Brigitte Houngbedji (7/24/00) Web Coordinator<br />
Chief Staff Officers: 1924-2006<br />
A partial list of those who have served as chief staff officers.<br />
Frank B. Horton, Executive Secretary, 1924 – 1944<br />
A. Dexter Hinckley, Managing Director, 1944 - 1967<br />
Paul Ringgold, EVP, 1967 – 1972<br />
Frank Coda, EVP, 1973 – 1981<br />
Rogers B. Finch, EVP, 1982 – 1987<br />
William Hanley, EVP, 1988 – Present<br />
WILLIAM HANLEY,<br />
CAE<br />
10 www.iesna.org<br />
January 2006 11
P R E S I D E N T ’ S P E R S P E C T I V E<br />
One of the more important<br />
goals I have for my term as president of the <strong>Society</strong><br />
is to expand the perception of IESNA from that of<br />
an organization that is primarily focused on serving<br />
its members and the lighting industry to one<br />
which also is viewed as North America’s advocate<br />
for quality and efficient lighting. It is my strong belief<br />
that the primary reason that poor quality lighting<br />
continues to be so common is that there is little<br />
or no demand for a higher standard of practice by<br />
the ultimate end-user–the public.<br />
As members of the lighting industry, we have<br />
tended to define the end-users as those who purchase<br />
our products and services. When those<br />
purchasers are knowledgeable and committed<br />
to quality and efficiency, the resulting designs,<br />
applications and installations are typically outstanding<br />
examples of what can be accomplished<br />
when the latest technologies and products are<br />
employed to create spaces that are comfortable,<br />
effective and enjoyable. On the other hand, when<br />
those purchasers are either unknowledgeable<br />
(most) or uncaring (few), the outcomes can be<br />
absolutely terrible. Regrettably, this latter group<br />
is far larger than is the former and, without some<br />
incentive to change, it is unrealistic to expect a<br />
significant improvement in this state of affairs.<br />
Furthermore, this second group includes the millions<br />
of individuals who not only purchase billions<br />
of dollars of lighting products each year,<br />
but also who bear the burden of living with inadequate,<br />
uncomfortable, and inefficiently lighted<br />
environments. And it is with these individuals<br />
that we have the greatest opportunity to improve<br />
the state of lighting in North America.<br />
The View for the Few<br />
The traditional approaches to ensuring at least<br />
minimal standards of quality lighting are based<br />
on enacting lighting codes (mandatory) and recommended<br />
practices (voluntary). While each of<br />
these efforts has had some beneficial effect, most<br />
of us would agree that they have not brought us<br />
to the point where good lighting is the normally<br />
encountered situation. As an example, the move<br />
to promote the development of a Model Lighting<br />
Ordinance (MLO) is a recognition that we must<br />
resort to encouraging prescriptive legislation in<br />
order to improve the sorry state of much outdoor<br />
lighting. And while I am enough of a pragmatist<br />
The real solution to<br />
the problem of poor<br />
lighting quality is not<br />
legislation but rather<br />
public education<br />
to realize the benefits of this initiative, I am convinced<br />
that the real solution to the problem of<br />
poor lighting quality, for all environments, is not<br />
legislation but rather public education.<br />
The basic tenet of the public education approach<br />
to improving lighting quality is that individuals who<br />
can recognize bad lighting will demand a higher<br />
standard of practice of themselves and of those responsible<br />
for lighting public spaces. In this respect<br />
we are particularly fortunate because bad lighting<br />
is so prevalent and so easy to demonstrate. It isn’t<br />
necessary for us to initially address every aspect of<br />
quality lighting; it would be a major step forward<br />
if we could eliminate just the most egregious applications<br />
by providing the public with examples<br />
of lighting abuse and explaining how they degrade<br />
the environment. A problem cannot be solved until<br />
it is recognized by those with the incentive and the<br />
ability to correct it.<br />
12 www.iesna.org
P R E S I D E N T ’ S P E R S P E C T I V E<br />
A conventional public education campaign on<br />
a national scale would cost millions of dollars or<br />
pesos and is clearly beyond the means of IESNA.<br />
However, by partnering with other organizations<br />
and using the power of the Internet, a great deal<br />
can be accomplished. Where we have traditionally<br />
partnered with other professional and technical<br />
organizations, we now need to reach out to<br />
public advocacy groups who can carry our message<br />
of better lighting while serving their own<br />
constituencies. We can provide the expertise<br />
and the education while they provide the forum.<br />
The IESNA Committee on Lighting for the<br />
Aged and Partially Sighted has already shown<br />
leadership in this area by organizing an October<br />
event in Washington, DC, on lighting for seniors<br />
that was recognized by the White House Conference<br />
on Aging. At that meeting, opportunities<br />
for collaboration with, among others, the National<br />
Council on Aging, Shared Solutions and<br />
AARP were identified and will be pursued. Other<br />
initiatives are expected to be announced shortly.<br />
While these are small steps, they are a beginning<br />
and serve as an example of a new approach to<br />
getting out the message of quality lighting.<br />
IESNA has been extremely effective at bringing<br />
together the diverse and varied interests in the<br />
lighting industry. It is now time for us to go beyond<br />
talking among ourselves and to begin to educate<br />
the public about the benefits of quality lighting and<br />
the nature and costs of poor lighting. Only then will<br />
they demand an improved lighted environment.<br />
Alan Laird Lewis, O.D., Ph.D.<br />
FIESNA, IESNA President<br />
14 www.iesna.org
U P D AT E S<br />
Color Kinetics<br />
Covers China In Color<br />
Color Kinetics Inc. announced a series of newly completed installations in<br />
mainland China. Most recently completed was the LG Tower, a multi-million dollar<br />
construction by LG Building Development Co., Ltd., whose 460-ft towers are lit by<br />
more than 7600 ft of iColor Accent system.<br />
GRANDVIEW HOTEL<br />
Additionally, Color Kinetics’ systems have been<br />
used to illuminate a variety of hotels, business<br />
centers, restaurants and night clubs across China.<br />
According to the China Solid-State Lighting Alliance,<br />
China is the world’s second largest electricity-generating<br />
country, with 12 percent of its total electricity<br />
attributed to lighting. In 2004, the Chinese<br />
government selected solid-state lighting as one of<br />
10 programs in its next five-year plan to promote<br />
energy efficiency. The solid-state lighting program<br />
promotes the use of high-efficiency lighting systems in public facilities, hotels,<br />
shopping centers, office buildings, and sports venues, as well as in developing<br />
automated production facilities.<br />
“With continuing economic growth in the region, we’re seeing a major construction<br />
boom in business-centric cities like Shanghai, where the number of office buildings<br />
is significantly rising, and travel destinations like Macau, where massive casinos<br />
and hotels are in development,” said Bill Sims, president and CEO, Color Kinetics.<br />
“Moreover, with all the new construction planned for the 2008 Olympic Games and<br />
World Expo 2010, we view the Chinese market as a tremendous opportunity.”<br />
Air Force<br />
Lands SSL<br />
Security<br />
System<br />
Cyberlux Corporation has been selected<br />
to provide an advanced solid-state<br />
LED security lighting system for the U.S.<br />
Air Force Air Mobility Battlelab.<br />
The system, which illuminates an<br />
exterior boundary of 250 x 300 ft, will<br />
enable Air Force security forces to significantly<br />
increase security for Air Force<br />
assets, including aircraft on the ground.<br />
The company was selected in a competitive<br />
review process that included<br />
25 proposals from other companies to<br />
develop a lightweight, portable lighting<br />
system for both visible lighting and<br />
infrared lighting compatible with night<br />
vision goggles. The portable lighting<br />
system weighs less than 50 pounds,<br />
including batteries, so that it can easily<br />
be carried to remote locations and<br />
deployed quickly. The LED-based system<br />
can provide lighting for several<br />
days with a single battery charge.<br />
Dancing on the Ceiling<br />
As guests enter the lobby of Portugal’s Casino De Estoril, they are<br />
welcomed by the dazzling effects of LEDs. The reflection of the polished,<br />
black granite floor gives the impression of walking over a glass floor.<br />
Mundocolor Internacional, S.A. from Barcelona, Spain, provided the<br />
LEDs for the ceiling.<br />
Altman<br />
Lighting’s<br />
Smart Track lighting system was<br />
awarded<br />
Lighting/Architecture<br />
Product of the Year at the 2005<br />
Lighting Dimensions International<br />
(LDI) tradeshow and conference,<br />
Orlando, FL. Applications including<br />
retail stores, museums, churches,<br />
restaurants and night clubs.<br />
16 www.iesna.org
U P D AT E S<br />
LCA<br />
Publishes<br />
New White<br />
Paper Series<br />
The Lighting Controls Association<br />
(LCA), administered by the National<br />
Electrical Manufacturers Association<br />
(NEMA), has published a new series<br />
of white papers addressing a range<br />
of lighting and energy management<br />
issues. These white papers are available<br />
for free to building owners and<br />
managers, specifiers, contractors,<br />
distributors and other building professionals<br />
interested in energy efficiency<br />
and improving building value.<br />
“Energy Policy Act of 2005<br />
Encourages Energy-Efficient<br />
Lighting with Tax Deduction”<br />
This report provides a description<br />
of the new commercial buildings<br />
tax deduction created by the Energy<br />
Policy Act of 2005. This provision<br />
allows a deduction of up to $1.80<br />
per sq ft for energy-efficient building<br />
systems and up to $0.60 per sq ft for<br />
energy-efficient interior lighting.<br />
“Energy Policy Act of 2005<br />
Sets New Ballast Efficiency<br />
Standards”<br />
While new fluorescent ballast efficiency<br />
rules went into effect in April<br />
2005, another batch of rules has just<br />
been passed as part of the Energy<br />
Policy Act of 2005 that will affect<br />
lighting systems starting in 2009. This<br />
time, the efficacy standards have been<br />
set high enough that the vast majority<br />
of magnetic ballasts—including<br />
ballasts operating energy-saving T12<br />
lamps—will no longer comply.<br />
“New Technologies Set<br />
the Stage for Dramatic<br />
Expansion of Wireless<br />
Control”<br />
Wireless control is an emerging<br />
method for providing the benefits of<br />
lighting automation at theoretically a<br />
lower installed cost. This whitepaper<br />
details the low-power mesh-network<br />
protocols such as Z-Wave and, even<br />
newer, ZigBee, which enable batteryoperated<br />
controls, multi-vendor sys-<br />
LD+A January 2006 17
U P D AT E S<br />
tems, condition monitoring, a high<br />
degree of scalability and the potential<br />
for easier integration with other building<br />
systems such as HVAC.<br />
“California’s New Title<br />
24 Energy Code: Lighting<br />
Review & Commentary”<br />
In October 2005, California’s Title<br />
24 energy code went through the<br />
most dramatic update in 13 years.<br />
Considered the toughest energy code<br />
in the country, Title 24 not only has<br />
strict power limits for lighting, but<br />
now covers unconditioned spaces<br />
such as warehouses, daylighting in<br />
certain spaces, and light pollution and<br />
outdoor lighting. What’s more, Title<br />
24 now requires home builders to<br />
either provide manual-on, automaticoff<br />
occupancy sensors or high-efficiency<br />
(compact fluorescent) fixtures<br />
in a number of spaces.<br />
“2005 NEC Code Changes<br />
Impact Lighting Control<br />
Panels, Metal Halide<br />
Lighting”<br />
The NFPA recently published the<br />
2005 version of the NEC, the model<br />
electrical code that is enforceable<br />
in all states and municipalities that<br />
adopt it. Several provisions in the<br />
new Code affect lighting-including<br />
lighting control panels, metal halide<br />
fixtures, and disconnecting fluorescent<br />
fixtures prior to servicing. For<br />
more information on this series of<br />
white papers visit www.aboutlightingcontrols.org<br />
On Your Mark,<br />
Get Set…Glow<br />
In an effort to attract skiers<br />
and boost fan attendance, the<br />
Ishpeming ski club arranged for<br />
the Super Tour series at Michigan’s<br />
Suicide Hill to be held at night.<br />
Lighting the way were Technical<br />
Consumer Products (TCP) 27-W,<br />
180 series, compact fluorescent<br />
Springlamps with reflector covers.<br />
18 www.iesna.org
a<br />
fo<br />
e<br />
a<br />
a<br />
o<br />
a<br />
in<br />
U P D AT E S<br />
Just<br />
Published<br />
The latest title in teNeues’ Ultimate<br />
Concert Hall, Los Angeles, CA), Mario<br />
Botta, Jean Nouvel and OMA/Rem<br />
Koolhaas (three museums in Seoul,<br />
South Korea), and Richard Meier<br />
series—Ultimate Lighting Design by<br />
(Restaurant 66, New York, NY).<br />
Hervé Descottes—is a 528-page guide<br />
The hard-back book (ISBN 3-8327-<br />
that presents an illustrated overview<br />
9016-0) features 730-color photos and<br />
of projects that include concert halls,<br />
is available in English, German, French,<br />
restaurants, and museums in Europe,<br />
North America and Asia as well as<br />
a pollution control plant and urban<br />
landscapes in New York.<br />
Descottes uses the best technology<br />
available to reveal scope, space,<br />
and form, both in landscapes and<br />
in urban environments, and aims<br />
to do so in a way that achieves a<br />
functional, creative and environmental<br />
result. Descottes, an award-winning<br />
architectural lighting designer,<br />
founded the New York City design<br />
firm L’Observatoire International after<br />
eight years of design practice in Paris.<br />
He has collaborated with such architects<br />
as Frank Gehry (Walt Disney<br />
Spanish and Italian. For more information;<br />
e-mail sfensteneteneves-usa.com<br />
back issues of LD+A<br />
are now online<br />
www.iesna.org<br />
J<br />
P<br />
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H<br />
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LD+A January 2006 19
e n e r g y<br />
By Willard L. Warren a d v i s o r<br />
Top executives from<br />
some of the leading fixture<br />
manufacturers discuss<br />
the current state of<br />
the industry, as well future opportunities—and<br />
threats—in this Q&A<br />
roundtable. The panel includes David<br />
Feldman, president, Cooper Lighting;<br />
John K. Morgan, president and CEO<br />
of Acuity Brands Lighting; Larry<br />
Powers, CEO and chair of the Genlyte<br />
Group; and Michael Petras, vice president-electrical<br />
distribution and lighting,<br />
GE Consumer & Industrial.<br />
How has the lighting industry<br />
changed in the last decade What<br />
changes do you anticipate in the<br />
next decade<br />
Morgan: There has been an<br />
increase in professionalism in the<br />
lighting design community, especially<br />
with the advent of NCQLP certification.<br />
The associated training<br />
and education has manifested itself<br />
in the adoption of new technologies,<br />
especially in the area of optical<br />
design. In addition, new technology<br />
in manufacturing processes has<br />
allowed us to greatly improve the<br />
aesthetics of products.<br />
As training, education and certification<br />
continue to take hold, they<br />
will add a level of decisiveness, confidence<br />
and boldness to the design<br />
community, which will lead to more<br />
influence over the design of buildings<br />
and infrastructure. Manufacturers<br />
will continue to focus on profitability<br />
initiatives, and this will eventually<br />
allow more money to be plowed back<br />
into research and development.<br />
Powers: In the manufacturing sector,<br />
two factors have impacted the<br />
industry. First, while consolidation<br />
has been going on for the last 20<br />
years, during the last decade there<br />
has been substantially more consolidation.<br />
Four major players now<br />
represent over 60 percent of the<br />
lighting market. Second, offshore<br />
manufacturers have significantly<br />
expanded their position in the U.S.<br />
Decorative fixture manufacturing<br />
is now nearly 100 percent China<br />
based. Additionally, an increasing<br />
number of Chinese manufacturers<br />
are now directly, and through their<br />
own brands, selling in the North<br />
American market. Although a large<br />
number of small- to medium-size<br />
companies have been absorbed by<br />
larger organizations, an increasing<br />
number of newcomers have been<br />
added to the industry. The combination<br />
of ease of entry and evolving<br />
technologies is encouraging the<br />
launch of new lighting fixture manufacturing<br />
companies.<br />
Petras: We’ve seen some consolidation<br />
in the fixture industry, an<br />
increase in imports and an overall<br />
trend toward the globalization of<br />
lighting products. We’re also seeing<br />
an increased focus on energy<br />
regulations, including more aggressive<br />
energy efficiency standards<br />
and building energy codes, plus an<br />
increased environmental focus on<br />
materials and disposal. In the next<br />
10 years, we expect to see more integration<br />
of lighting controls within<br />
the broader context of energy management<br />
systems. We see greater<br />
opportunities in lighting services,<br />
such as energy and demand management,<br />
disposal, recycling and<br />
financial services.<br />
Feldman: During the last decade<br />
we saw continued development of<br />
energy-efficient products—and a<br />
continued lack of emphasis on adopting<br />
these products into our normal<br />
buying habits. Going forward there<br />
will be a continued focus on the use<br />
of more efficient products and there<br />
should be, considering the current<br />
energy situation, a greater embrace<br />
of their use.<br />
The industry has been criticized<br />
for emphasizing product “commoditization”<br />
and R&D directed toward<br />
making products more competitive.<br />
Have we invested enough in traditional<br />
R&D or in innovative manufacturing<br />
techniques<br />
Morgan: Industries are not commoditized,<br />
products are commoditized.<br />
It’s the nature of things that<br />
any truly successful product will<br />
become a commodity. This does<br />
not imply poor quality, it just means<br />
that something has found wide consumer<br />
acceptance and many alternatives<br />
exist.<br />
We are investing enough in R&D. If<br />
you look worldwide at the luminaire,<br />
ballast, lamp and controls manufacturers<br />
as a whole, the R&D investment<br />
is in the hundreds of millions of<br />
dollars. This investment is manifesting<br />
itself in some very interesting<br />
new products. We could do a better<br />
20 www.iesna.org
E N E R GY A D V I S O R<br />
job as an industry in coordinating<br />
how all this money is spent in basic<br />
research areas.<br />
Manufacturing is an area where<br />
we have made a great deal of progress.<br />
I see evidence of new and different<br />
technologies and processes<br />
being applied that allow us to design<br />
features that would not have been<br />
possible a few years ago. All over<br />
the world, there is great impact in<br />
the way plastics are being molded,<br />
electronics are being applied, and the<br />
way castings are being developed.<br />
New technologies in the manufacturing<br />
of optical quality glass are truly<br />
amazing. In addition, lean manufacturing<br />
principles are making a real<br />
difference.<br />
Petras: At GE, we are not only investing<br />
in the optimization of the design<br />
and manufacturing of existing product<br />
families, we also are creating “imagination<br />
breakthroughs” throughout<br />
the company. In lighting, for example,<br />
ceramic metal halide design and manufacturing<br />
processes are providing<br />
high-quality, energy-efficient solutions<br />
for applications ranging from retail to<br />
outdoor lighting. At the same time, we<br />
are also investing heavily in discrete<br />
and organic LEDs.<br />
Powers: Over the last two decades,<br />
downward price pressures have significantly<br />
lowered the purchase price<br />
of lighting fixtures. This is specifically<br />
true with respect to the mainstream<br />
Feldman: The lighting industry<br />
has tended towards commoditization<br />
because of the focus on first<br />
cost and the lack of knowledge that<br />
exists around the variety of products<br />
available. Left to their own devices<br />
most people will tend towards lowest<br />
price if they have no long term<br />
ownership incentive. With that in<br />
mind, in order to move away from<br />
the commodity as the choice, we<br />
need to make sure that we educate<br />
all constituents to the overall value<br />
that the products bring.<br />
As for R&D, many manufacturers<br />
are spending a sizeable amount of<br />
money in developments of new technologies<br />
around light source, ballasts,<br />
optics and materials that will<br />
help the overall lighting industry. It is<br />
always a balance between spending<br />
on future opportunities and current<br />
competitiveness, but the best companies<br />
tend to manage both.<br />
‘During the last decade we saw<br />
continued development of energyefficient<br />
products—and a continued lack<br />
of emphasis on adopting these products<br />
into our normal buying habits’-Feldman<br />
and “A” items. Although some of the<br />
price decreases have been as a result<br />
of product life cycle maturity and productivity<br />
improvement, a significant<br />
percentage of the reduction has been<br />
through lower margins as well. It is<br />
true that a very large percentage of<br />
investments in tooling and manufacturing<br />
facilities have been spent in<br />
cost reduction of mainstream products.<br />
But it is encouraging to note that<br />
over the last year or two, there have<br />
been new product introductions in the<br />
mainstream area that have focused<br />
on new products and innovations.<br />
Will LEDs replace some fluorescent,<br />
HID and incandescent sources<br />
Are these new “LED players”<br />
in the industry likely to change our<br />
traditional distribution system<br />
Powers: To what extent solid<br />
state lighting represents a disruptive<br />
change is subject to debate. To date,<br />
the advantages of LED lighting have<br />
been limited but clearly the best<br />
solution for a number of specific<br />
applications. For example, virtually<br />
all exit signs utilize LED sources. A<br />
large percentage of traffic lights have<br />
now been converted to LED sources.<br />
Virtually all cell phones, small handheld<br />
devices and other electronic<br />
equipments solely rely on LED. But<br />
when it comes to general illumination,<br />
the inherent advantages of LED<br />
have not represented a clear opportunity.<br />
For general illumination LED<br />
light sources are not as efficient or<br />
as comfortable, from a color rendering<br />
perspective, as other existing<br />
light sources. Solid state lighting<br />
efficiencies and other attributes will<br />
certainly improve and it may meet or<br />
exceed some of the best light source<br />
performances of today’s high efficiency<br />
products. But even then, the<br />
inherent limitations and application<br />
needs will most likely continue to<br />
rely on multiple light source solutions<br />
rather than just LED.<br />
January 2006 21
E N E R GY A D V I S O R<br />
Morgan: As their lumen output<br />
continues to increase and costs<br />
continue to come down, and as we<br />
develop better techniques for dealing<br />
with the thermal characteristics<br />
of LEDs, they will replace traditional<br />
lamp sources. As for the role of “new<br />
players,” only those who add value<br />
to channels of distribution will drive<br />
change and remain in the equation.<br />
Petras: We are already seeing significant<br />
numbers of LED substitutions<br />
for more conventional lighting systems<br />
in signage and transportation.<br />
There remain, however, challenges<br />
to the replacement of existing mainstream<br />
lighting systems. As efficiencies<br />
increase and lumens per dollar<br />
improve, we will see more applications.<br />
OLEDs have further to go down<br />
the research and development path—<br />
although you can’t predict invention.<br />
We don’t think the new “LED players”<br />
will necessarily change our traditional<br />
distribution system, but they certainly<br />
will raise the bar.<br />
Feldman: LED and OLED technologies<br />
may be the wave of the future<br />
and could move into general lighting<br />
applications as an efficient source.<br />
If the current trends continue then<br />
LEDs will very quickly meet the dollars<br />
per lumen threshold for general<br />
use. Today they play an important<br />
but limited role in the marketplace.<br />
This role will continue to get bigger<br />
as issues around efficacy, color<br />
consistency, thermal management<br />
and cost are resolved. The Next<br />
Generation Lighting Initiative in the<br />
Energy Policy Act of 2005 will provide<br />
needed funding for progress on<br />
these sources. As for the change in<br />
distribution, most of the major players<br />
in the LED industry are aligned<br />
with a current light source supplier. If<br />
this continues going forward, industry<br />
structure should stay intact.<br />
Do you expect more offshore outsourcing<br />
of lighting components, or<br />
have other market factors like shipping<br />
costs, manufacturing innovations,<br />
etc., precluded that expansion<br />
22 www.iesna.org
E N E R GY A D V I S O R<br />
Powers: As long as the significant<br />
wage discrepancy exists between<br />
North America and Asia, imports will<br />
continue to sharply increase. Those<br />
product categories that have high labor<br />
contents will continue to be sourced in<br />
Asia. Some of those categories, such<br />
as manufacturing of decorative products,<br />
have now completely ceased to<br />
exist in North America.<br />
At the same time, factors other than<br />
direct manufacturing labor costs will<br />
remain an obstacle to offshore manufacturing.<br />
Freight costs will continue<br />
to increase as a result of energy cost<br />
increases. Additionally, non-stocking<br />
projects and jobs with tight and fluctuating<br />
schedules will also remain<br />
unattractive to offshore imports.<br />
More recently, initiatives such as<br />
LEED, where emphasis is on broader<br />
environmental and sustainability<br />
issues, will also be a factor. Through<br />
LEED, emphasis on shipping from<br />
locations within a narrow geographical<br />
distance will persuade end-users<br />
to look upon other issues than just<br />
the initial low acquisition cost.<br />
Our company continues to produce<br />
a significant percentage of our<br />
products in our North American factories.<br />
We have been able to remain<br />
competitive, despite the significantly<br />
higher wage structure, through<br />
automation and substantial process<br />
improvements.<br />
Feldman: Where a product is produced<br />
will always be dictated around<br />
total competitiveness: quality, service<br />
and cost. Currently many products<br />
and components are produced<br />
outside the country into which they<br />
are sold based upon the expertise<br />
required for that specific product.<br />
‘We are investing enough in R&D. If you<br />
look worldwide at the luminaire, ballast,<br />
lamp and controls manufacturers as a<br />
whole, the R&D investment is in the<br />
hundreds of millions of dollars’-Morgan<br />
Conversely, many products will continue<br />
to be produced close to the point<br />
of sale because of shipping, handling<br />
and service issues. New technologies<br />
or processes will be based where the<br />
best center of expertise resides.<br />
Producing and selling product in<br />
countries other than U.S. has a benefit<br />
in that it exposes opportunities in<br />
technology and process that may not<br />
exist or be embraced in our current<br />
facilities or markets.<br />
Petras: Successful companies will<br />
continue to look for global sources<br />
of products and services that provide<br />
the most cost-effective solutions,<br />
assuming that quality, timeliness<br />
and other service- and performance-related<br />
attributes are not<br />
compromised. However, as we look<br />
at “game-changing” lighting innovations,<br />
it is also entirely possible<br />
that the tuning of products for customer<br />
needs may require integrated<br />
domestic efforts for the particular<br />
market being served.<br />
Morgan: Outsourcing will continue<br />
to increase. Products manufactured<br />
outside the U.S. have found<br />
favor with customers for a variety of<br />
reasons. Until that is no longer true,<br />
there will be offshore outsourcing.<br />
Do the energy codes offer opportunities<br />
for luminaire manufacturers to<br />
provide products and services of higher<br />
value that will gain a greater share<br />
of the total cost of construction<br />
Morgan: Not in and of themselves.<br />
The only thing that will allow lighting<br />
to obtain a larger share of the<br />
construction dollars is for the total<br />
lighting community to do a better<br />
job of educating building owners<br />
and occupants about the value and<br />
the benefits of effective lighting.<br />
Feldman: The energy codes, if<br />
enforced, open up opportunities for<br />
manufacturers to provide higher<br />
value products that have a lower<br />
overall cost of ownership. Lighting<br />
cost will continue to be a growing<br />
concern as we have more issues<br />
around overall energy usage. Many<br />
efforts have been made to educate<br />
people about the inherent savings in<br />
energy-efficient products but, until<br />
there is enforcement, the industry<br />
structure allows too much emphasis<br />
on initial purchase price as opposed<br />
to total cost of ownership.<br />
ASHRAE 90.1-2004, LEED version<br />
2.2, Title 24 and the International<br />
Dark-Sky Associations Model<br />
Lighting Ordinance all include further<br />
reductions in energy allowances<br />
January 2006 23
E N E R GY A D V I S O R<br />
that will continue to move our industry<br />
to more efficient products. The<br />
Energy Policy Act of 2005 will also<br />
help give tangible incentives to move<br />
towards higher value, more efficient<br />
offerings. However the speed of<br />
change towards these products will<br />
be dependent on the structure and<br />
enforceability of the various codes<br />
adopted by the various state and<br />
regulatory bodies.<br />
Powers: The passage of the energy<br />
bill will support the industry from<br />
a number of perspectives, one of<br />
which is creating a higher national<br />
awareness of energy efficiency and<br />
its relationship to productivity. We<br />
believe higher standards combined<br />
with end user awareness will be of<br />
significant support in expanding<br />
the total lighting industry. Our best<br />
opportunity for a growing and healthier<br />
industry is reaching the end-user<br />
and educating them to the importance<br />
and impact of good lighting on<br />
their activities and businesses.<br />
Petras: As watts-per-sq ft levels<br />
are reduced, it will be the new<br />
lighting system solutions that will<br />
provide high-quality lighting. This<br />
means the integration of not only<br />
the most efficient light sources and<br />
ballasts, but also advanced materials,<br />
optical delivery techniques and<br />
integrated control systems. Today’s<br />
products will have a tough time<br />
meeting tomorrow’s needs.<br />
Willard L. Warren, PE,<br />
LC, Fellow IESNA, is<br />
the principal of Willard<br />
L. Warren Associates, a<br />
consulting firm serving industry,<br />
government and utility clients<br />
in lighting and energy conservation.<br />
24 www.iesna.org
G R E E N I D E A S<br />
Sustainability for the<br />
Next Century By Denise Fong<br />
even exist today. If the light sources<br />
don’t exist, the fixtures don’t exist<br />
either. Perhaps the materials to make<br />
the light fixtures don’t exist. Perhaps<br />
we will move from primarily steel and<br />
aluminum fixtures to a new synthetic<br />
ing on the level of activity on a particular<br />
day What if the network that<br />
controls the lights could also read<br />
power and gas meters, or track buses<br />
and inform people when the next bus<br />
will arrive at their stop<br />
ways to incorporate it Is it possible<br />
for every work space to have access<br />
to daylight<br />
How will reduced access to and<br />
availability of raw materials impact<br />
the lighting industry The most suc-<br />
then avoid disposal fees, continuing<br />
the cycle of savings.<br />
Companies that address cradle-tograve<br />
issues before the government<br />
requires compliance will be ahead<br />
of their competition. Wouldn’t it be<br />
material made from an agricultural<br />
Where will research take us<br />
cessful firms will be forward-think-<br />
great if the concept of waste was<br />
crop—something that could be com-<br />
And how will it impact our design<br />
ing companies that view recycling<br />
obsolete 100 years from now<br />
When presented with the prospect<br />
ronmentally compromised areas of<br />
posted at the end of its life instead<br />
Will we devise a methodology to<br />
and remanufacturing as benefits<br />
Will the lighting industry (manu-<br />
of writing a “green” column for the<br />
our country due to industrial pollu-<br />
of deposited in a landfill. What if fix-<br />
describe light in terms of how we see<br />
and not hardships imposed by gov-<br />
facturers, engineers, and design-<br />
100th Anniversary issue, there was<br />
tion. With the ground literally wiped<br />
tures were routinely remanufactured<br />
at night that is distinct from what we<br />
ernment. Companies that find ways<br />
ers) be leaders in the movement to<br />
a momentary panic. What could I<br />
“clean,” how will corporate America<br />
Perhaps someday buildings will truly<br />
use today I think this will be neces-<br />
to transform waste from another<br />
“green,” or will they merely be fol-<br />
possibly write that would reflect the<br />
rebuild (“Clean” is a relative term<br />
sary to make the next leap in energy<br />
industry into the raw materials they<br />
lowers Time will tell. I wish I could<br />
past 100 years and look forward to<br />
the next 100<br />
I imagine that this issue will be<br />
chock full of wonderful stories that<br />
reminisce about historic moments<br />
and changes in this industry. Not<br />
being old enough to look back very<br />
far (she said “tongue in cheek”), I<br />
decided to look forward.<br />
in this case, as the buildings may<br />
be gone but the pollution caused<br />
by some industries was spread as a<br />
result of the flooding.)<br />
When companies rebuild, will it be<br />
business as usual, looking at shortterm<br />
profit at the expense of local<br />
families who live near industrial<br />
plants that pass their pollution onto<br />
Wouldn’t it be<br />
great if the<br />
concept of waste<br />
was obsolete 100<br />
years from now<br />
efficiency and source control.<br />
Light AND VISIBILITY<br />
As our population ages, acknowledging<br />
that we see differently as we<br />
get older must be incorporated into<br />
a broader range of building types<br />
and site design. It’s not just the “old<br />
folk’s home” that needs more light.<br />
need will be in the forefront of their<br />
industry. Rather than perceive recycling<br />
as a cumbersome task, these<br />
companies will come out ahead by<br />
turning waste generated by other<br />
companies into a revenue stream.<br />
These third-party companies will<br />
be around in 100 years to find out.<br />
Denise Fong, IALD, LC, LEED®AP,<br />
is principal of Candela Lighting<br />
Design and Consulting, Seattle,<br />
WA.<br />
We’ve seen massive destruction<br />
others Or will decision makers step<br />
And is it really more light that is<br />
of the earth’s built environment with<br />
back and seek ways to build cleaner<br />
be wireless—including the lighting.<br />
necessary Perhaps what’s needed<br />
Hurricane Katrina, Hurricane Rita,<br />
plants with less waste and fewer<br />
(This may not be a comforting thought<br />
is better visibility, and we need to<br />
the Indian Ocean tsunami and the<br />
toxic by-products<br />
to electrical engineers reading this!)<br />
rethink what that is. It seems clear<br />
7.6 earthquake in Pakistan, not to<br />
Will those plants manufacture<br />
How will the lighting design com-<br />
that “better visibility” cannot be<br />
mention the war in Iraq and conflicts<br />
“green” materials Will they pay a<br />
munity respond to these changes<br />
defined by footcandles.<br />
in other places around the globe.<br />
living wage with decent health insur-<br />
For example, if you were tasked with<br />
How will we develop lighting<br />
Natural disasters can’t be prevented<br />
ance Will we look at the land and build<br />
designing the lighting for a city that<br />
designs that help people heal more<br />
and the power of Mother Nature can’t<br />
where buildings can be sustained, or<br />
was impacted by a major natural<br />
rapidly Recent studies indicate that<br />
be denied. Thousands of lives have<br />
rebuild in places that will again be<br />
disaster and there was no stock of<br />
access to daylight allows patients<br />
been lost and families destroyed, but<br />
susceptible to Mother Nature<br />
existing equipment to work around or<br />
to recover from surgery faster with<br />
the resilience of people is undeni-<br />
maintenance department entrenched<br />
fewer drugs and less reported pain.<br />
able. In fact, only weeks after Katrina<br />
Lighting Impacts<br />
in its “standards,” how would you<br />
“Green” health care facility design<br />
hit, individuals began coming for-<br />
Where does the lighting industry<br />
approach the design Could you<br />
can also be a powerful recruitment<br />
ward with ideas and dreams of how<br />
fit into this picture I see many chal-<br />
design an environment that was com-<br />
tool. For example, when a new hospi-<br />
to rebuild.<br />
lenges that only make this industry<br />
fortable and safe for people, inviting<br />
tal in Canada published an article in the<br />
While it’s difficult to think there<br />
more exciting to be a part of.<br />
and exciting, and still preserve views<br />
local newspaper about green features<br />
may be a silver lining in any of these<br />
When I compare the light sources<br />
of the stars Opportunities to address<br />
designed into the hospital, it received<br />
events, the opportunity to rebuild a<br />
available 100 years ago with what we<br />
light source control, color, distribu-<br />
unsolicited employment applications<br />
better, safer and more sustainable<br />
use today, and then project that same<br />
tion and intensity would all be viewed<br />
from all over the country.<br />
place is looking us right in the eye.<br />
rate of change into the next 100 years,<br />
from a fresh perspective.<br />
As we begin to understand day-<br />
Some of the areas destroyed by<br />
the only thing that seems certain is that<br />
What if you could customize the<br />
light and how it impacts our new<br />
Katrina were the poorest, most envi-<br />
the light sources of the future don’t<br />
lighting for different districts depend-<br />
spaces, will we find more effective<br />
26 www.iesna.org January 2006 27
Legacy Sponsors<br />
Cooper Lighting<br />
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ooper Lighting, a division of Cooper Industries,<br />
Ltd., is headquartered in Peachtree City,<br />
Georgia. The origins of Cooper Lighting<br />
date back to 1956 when the Halo Lighting Company, the<br />
pioneer in recessed and track lighting, was founded with the<br />
philosophy of manufacturing lighting fixtures which would<br />
be attractive, simple to install and easy to service. From the<br />
modest beginnings of a one-room facility with six product<br />
lines, Cooper Lighting has grown to numerous product lines<br />
and a position of international industry leader.<br />
Today, Cooper Lighting is a fast growing, responsive<br />
company utilizing intensive market research and innovative<br />
product development to manufacture high quality, versatile<br />
products, which give value to their customers. The company<br />
is the leading manufacturer of track and recessed lighting<br />
and one of the largest fixture manufacturers of incandescent,<br />
fluorescent, and H.I.D luminaires. Cooper Lighting is<br />
comprised of many strong brands including Halo, Metalux,<br />
Lumark, Sure-Lites, McGraw-Edison, Fail-Safe, Iris, Neoray,<br />
Corelite, Shaper, Lumiere, MWS, DLS, Invue, RSA,<br />
Streetworks and their newest brand, Ametrix. Cooper<br />
Lighting currently has expanded to eight domestic and four<br />
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distribution and customer service.<br />
In response to growing trends including sustainable<br />
design issues and changing energy legislation, Cooper<br />
Lighting introduced numerous new innovative products<br />
across 17 brands this year including a new line of<br />
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In addition to the extensive rollout of new products,<br />
Cooper Lighting also offers a number of educational<br />
resources including Energy ReSOURCE, a dedicated<br />
team of professionals that track the most critical issues<br />
of legislation affecting the industry. Summaries are<br />
currently available on the company’s website, http://www.<br />
cooperlighting.com/content/source/energy_legislation.<br />
htm. In addition, the company headquarters is home to The<br />
SOURCE, a state-of-the-art education center offering CEU<br />
credited courses and services, educating over 5,000 students<br />
and professionals yearly. New classes being offered in 2006<br />
include: Maximizing Sustainability & Energy Efficiency for<br />
Industrial, Manufacturing, Warehouse & Exterior Spaces<br />
(Mar. 1-3); Maximizing Sustainability & Energy Efficiency<br />
for Retail & Hospitality Applications (May 17-19); and<br />
Maximizing Sustainability & Energy Efficiency in Schools,<br />
Offices & Healthcare Applications (Sept. 20-22). Visit<br />
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Lighting Fundamentals is available three times during the<br />
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excellent refresher course for industry professionals.<br />
Cooper Lighting’s heritage of strong brand identity and<br />
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Cooper Lighting’s goal is to maintain their position as an<br />
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new energy-effective technologies that bring value to their<br />
customers and meet energy and environmental concerns of<br />
the community.<br />
To learn more, visit www.cooperlighting.com.<br />
January 2006 29
e s e a r c h<br />
M A T T E R S<br />
To help the IESNA “celebrate the past and imagine the future,”<br />
five scientists from the Lighting Research Center offer their perspectives<br />
on where lighting research is headed. John Bullough<br />
explores when to use lighting, not just how much; Yukio Akashi<br />
explains how research can help drive sustainable design; Mariana Figueiro<br />
notes that lighting’s impact goes beyond visible light; Conan O’Rourke looks<br />
at the future of fluorescent lighting; and John Van Derlofske says lighting for<br />
our roadways must convey meaningful information to drivers.<br />
From “How much” to<br />
In the century ahead, time will<br />
“When”<br />
matter in research and application.<br />
John D. Bullough<br />
Our increasingly brighter nighttime<br />
The IESNA has long produced sky, for example, reduces our ability<br />
guidelines for lighting in various<br />
applications, via its Lighting mining if and when to turn lights<br />
to understand our universe; deter-<br />
Handbook and recommended practices.<br />
Most recommendations focus important question. We know that<br />
off outdoors (curfews) will be an<br />
on the appropriate quantity of light morning light exposure has a different<br />
effect on the human circadian<br />
for buildings and roadways. Efforts<br />
to quantify the illumination necessary<br />
for visual performance filled the tical lighting. [6] Shrinking energy<br />
system than night exposure to iden-<br />
20th century. [1-3] Even with recent resources will make controls more<br />
efforts in lighting quality, recommendations<br />
still use numbers like lation. The IESNA must exercise<br />
significant in every lighting instal-<br />
luminance ratios. The 20th century wisdom in encouraging research to<br />
also taught us that not all footcandles<br />
are equivalent. Some lamps lighting is appropriate in the world<br />
study when, not only how much,<br />
outperform others for rendering colors;<br />
life illuminated entirely by low<br />
of the next century.<br />
pressure sodium, despite its efficacy,<br />
[4] would not be so enjoyable. Lighting<br />
Towards Sustainable<br />
Various color-related indices help us Yukio Akashi<br />
understand lighting better than if we In the last century, the effects of<br />
know only the quantity. Often, common<br />
expectations about appropri-<br />
were studied on the basis of bio-<br />
light levels on visual performance<br />
ate relationships between light and physics. Those studies established<br />
color can guide us, evidenced by the models in which visual performance<br />
Kruithof curve in today’s Handbook. for a given luminance contrast was<br />
More recently, we’ve learned how described as a plateau and an escarpment<br />
as a function of illuminance. [1]<br />
different lamps outdoors can impact<br />
peripheral visibility, even at the same IESNA’s illuminance recommendations<br />
are not determined by nighttime level. [5]<br />
visual<br />
performance alone, but rather are<br />
subject to many other forces. [7] Until<br />
fluorescent lamps replaced incandescents<br />
in the 1940s, practical<br />
illuminances tended to fall on the<br />
escarpment. Afterward, illuminances<br />
reached the plateau, where performance<br />
is less sensitive to changes in<br />
illuminance. Since then, illuminance<br />
standards have been affected by<br />
economic and energy concerns.<br />
Obviously, sustainable lighting<br />
will play a major role in the coming<br />
century. One way to facilitate this is<br />
to reduce illuminances for regular<br />
tasks without impairing visual performance.<br />
A recent demonstration study<br />
using a simple retrofit task-ambient<br />
lighting technique addressed<br />
this question. [8] This demonstration<br />
study reduced ambient illuminance<br />
by removing one lamp from every<br />
three-lamp fixture while maintaining<br />
task illuminance. This de-lamping<br />
resulted in a change in ambient illuminance<br />
from 550 lx to 350 lx. Workers<br />
accepted this illuminance reduction<br />
after a short period, although they<br />
initially did not prefer it. The same<br />
demonstration study suggested that<br />
the use of a lamp with relatively<br />
more short-wavelength components<br />
significantly helped maintain room<br />
brightness. Room brightness is an<br />
essential element of lighting quality,<br />
as many studies have suggested. [9]<br />
To further facilitate acceptance<br />
of sustainable lighting design for<br />
new construction and other applications,<br />
we must implement measures<br />
that enhance room brightness while<br />
30 www.iesna.org
R E S E A R C H M AT T E R S<br />
lowering illuminance. [10] Thus, the<br />
true measure of sustainable lighting<br />
might be showing that we can have<br />
the best of both worlds—that is,<br />
we can have acceptable brightness<br />
and lower illuminance. Research that<br />
bears this out could go a long way<br />
toward helping sustainable lighting<br />
gain widespread acceptance.<br />
Health and Well-being<br />
Mariana G. Figueiro<br />
Over the past century, much<br />
research has focused on understanding<br />
how lighting affects human<br />
health and well-being. Lewy et al. [11]<br />
began this trend with the discovery<br />
that bright white light ceased nighttime<br />
production of the hormone<br />
melatonin. More recently, a clearer<br />
understanding has emerged about<br />
light’s characteristics affecting the<br />
circadian system. These differ considerably<br />
from those affecting the<br />
visual system. [12-14] The discovery<br />
of a novel photoreceptor in the eye<br />
[15]<br />
was a breakthrough, and we now<br />
know that white (polychromatic)<br />
light is a relatively weaker circadian<br />
stimulus than blue (nearly monochromatic)<br />
light. [16-18]<br />
In the next century, we will need<br />
to understand better the temporal<br />
characteristics of light exposure and<br />
their effects on the circadian system.<br />
We will also need to quantify<br />
the magnitude of light’s effects on<br />
the circadian system in different<br />
contexts. We must translate findings<br />
from animal models to humans<br />
appropriately, and we must better<br />
understand the robustness of light’s<br />
effect on the human circadian system<br />
in environments where light<br />
is applied. We have found robust,<br />
positive effects of light on sleep<br />
quality and rest/activity rhythms in<br />
some populations (e.g., older adults<br />
[19]<br />
, Alzheimer’s disease patients [20]<br />
and premature infants. [21] ) However,<br />
it is not completely clear how light<br />
affects others. The effects of electric<br />
light on farmers, for example,<br />
will likely differ from those on computer-aided<br />
draftspersons. We must<br />
understand the contextual effects<br />
of light before anyone can judge<br />
how light impacts human health and<br />
well-being.<br />
Fluorescent Technology<br />
Conan O’Rourke<br />
The last 100 years encompasses<br />
the entire history of fluorescent<br />
lamps, as it does for most light<br />
sources. Fluorescent lamps have<br />
come to dominate many commercial<br />
and industrial applications.<br />
In the late 1930s fluorescent lamps<br />
became a viable commercial product<br />
available in daylight, white, gold,<br />
red, blue, pink and green, and had a<br />
rated life of 1500 hours. They came<br />
in tubular shapes (1 and 1 1/2 in.<br />
diameters) and in lengths of 18 to<br />
36 in. The daylight and white lamps<br />
had efficacies of 30 to 35 lumens per<br />
watt. [22]<br />
Over the years there have been<br />
advancements in all aspects of lamp<br />
design. Today, fluorescent lamps are<br />
offered in many shapes and sizes.<br />
Lamp diameters have decreased<br />
January 2006 31
R E S E A R C H M AT T E R S<br />
(T2, T4, T5); other diameters (T9,<br />
T10, T17) are being explored. Lamp<br />
shapes have changed dramatically.<br />
They started out as linear shapes,<br />
then “U” and circular shapes were<br />
added. When compact fluorescent<br />
lamps were introduced, the number<br />
of lamp shapes grew. This is<br />
where the most change is seen<br />
today. Fluorescent lamps last longer,<br />
extended by improvements<br />
in electrode and emissive coating<br />
design, as well as optimization of the<br />
amounts and types of gases used in<br />
the lamps. Today we see rated lamp<br />
lives exceeding 30,000 hours.<br />
Recently, the lamp industry has<br />
felt pressure to be more environmentally<br />
conscious. Fluorescent<br />
lamp manufacturers felt this directly,<br />
due to the mercury in their lamps.<br />
This has led to lamps containing<br />
lower amounts of mercury.<br />
Looking forward, advances in fluorescent<br />
technology will be affected<br />
by manufacturers’ continued pressure<br />
to increase performance while<br />
minimizing environmental impacts.<br />
These pressures will change the fluorescent<br />
lamp of today into the lamp<br />
of tomorrow. Advances in electrode<br />
coatings, mercury-free gas fill and<br />
electrodeless lamps will likely find<br />
their way into commercially available<br />
products over the next century.<br />
Lighting for Information<br />
on Roadways<br />
John Van Derlofske<br />
Visibility elements are critical in<br />
roadway transportation, whether<br />
fixed street lighting, vehicle lighting,<br />
markings, signs or signals. Much<br />
research over the past century has<br />
focused on the visibility of these<br />
elements; after all, one can’t read a<br />
sign one can’t see. However, of equal<br />
importance is the visual information<br />
that is provided. A sign that is<br />
clearly visible but unreadable is of<br />
little use.<br />
Conveying accurate information<br />
about the risk drivers face at any<br />
moment is vital. The model of risk<br />
homeostasis theory (RHT), a model<br />
of driver behavior that is contentious<br />
to some, [23] states that a driver’s<br />
actual risk is strongly correlated to<br />
the perceived risk, and that behavior<br />
32 www.iesna.org
R E S E A R C H M AT T E R S<br />
changes to match perceived risk. [24]<br />
For example, a driver might speed<br />
up on a well-lit roadway to keep the<br />
level of risk constant, thus negating<br />
any potential safety benefits from<br />
the lighting. However, if perceived<br />
risk is poorly correlated with actual<br />
risk, accidents may increase or traffic<br />
flow may be reduced. [25] A fundamental<br />
goal for engineering is not<br />
necessarily just to improve visibility,<br />
but rather to increase the correlation<br />
between actual and perceived<br />
risk. Critics of RHT are still willing to<br />
accept that changes in driver behavior<br />
are the result of changes in perceived<br />
risk. [23] Therefore, reducing<br />
errors in perceived risk is still a valid<br />
approach, regardless of the validity<br />
of RHT.<br />
As we move into the future,<br />
emphasis will be increasingly placed<br />
on making roadways safer while<br />
using fewer resources. Technology<br />
such as intelligent transportation<br />
systems and advanced forwardlighting<br />
systems may enable this<br />
to occur, [26, 27] but not in the old<br />
paradigm of visibility alone. A new<br />
engineering approach will have to<br />
treat roadway visibility as a system<br />
of interacting elements and optimize<br />
it to provide meaningful information.<br />
The next century of research in<br />
roadway transportation lighting will<br />
focus squarely on this issue.<br />
References<br />
1. Rea MS, Ouellette MJ. 1991. LR&T<br />
23:139.<br />
2. Weston HC. 1945. The Relationship<br />
Between Illumination and Visual<br />
Efficiency. London: HMSO.<br />
3. Blackwell HR. 1959. IE 54:317.<br />
4. Rea MS, Bullough JD. 2004. LD+A<br />
34(9):51.<br />
5. He Y et al. 1997. JIES 26:125.<br />
6. Figueiro MG. 2003. LD+A 33(2):17.<br />
7. Boyce PR. 1996. JIES 25:41.<br />
8. Akashi Y, Boyce PR. [in press].<br />
Energy Build.<br />
9. Veitch, JA, Newsham, GR. 1998.<br />
JIES 27:107.<br />
10. Akashi Y. 2003. LD+A 33(7):12.<br />
11. Lewy AJ et al. 1980. Science<br />
210:1267.<br />
12. Rea MS et al. 2002. LR&T 34:177.<br />
13. Brainard GC et al. 2001. J.<br />
Neurosci. 21:6405.<br />
14. Thapan K et al. 2001. J. Physiol.<br />
535:261.<br />
15. Berson DM et al. 2002. Science<br />
295:1070.<br />
16. Figueiro MG et al. 2004.<br />
NeuroReport 15:313.<br />
17. Rea MS et al. [in press]. Brain<br />
Res. Rev.<br />
18. Figueiro MG et al. 2005.<br />
Neuroendocrinol. Lett. 26.<br />
19. Figueiro MG. Rea MS. 2005. Proc.<br />
CIE Midterm Mtg (May 18-21).<br />
20. Van Someren EJW et al. 1997.<br />
Biol. Psychiatry 41: 955.<br />
21. Rivkees SA et al. 2004. Pediatrics<br />
113:833.<br />
22. Cleaver OP et al. 1938. Trans. IES<br />
33:918.<br />
23. Robertson, LS, Pless IB. 2002. Br.<br />
Med. J. 324:1151.<br />
24. Wilde G. 1994. Target Risk.<br />
Toronto: PDE Publications.<br />
25. Rea MS. 2003. Lighting for<br />
Information. Presentation at FHWA<br />
Roundtable Mtg., August 19,<br />
Washington.<br />
26. ITS America. 2002. Intelligent<br />
Transport Systems and the Future.<br />
www.itsa.org<br />
27. Hamm M. 2001. PAL 2001, 8:368.<br />
John Bullough is a lighting scientist<br />
and adjunct assistant<br />
professor. Research includes<br />
psychological and biological<br />
effects of light and transportation<br />
lighting.<br />
Yukio Akashi is a senior research<br />
scientist and adjunct assistant<br />
professor. Research includes<br />
human factors in energy-efficient<br />
lighting, security lighting,<br />
and transportation lighting.<br />
Mariana Figueiro is a program<br />
director and adjunct assistant<br />
professor. Research includes<br />
photobiology, human factors,<br />
and energy-efficient lighting.<br />
Conan O’Rourke is a technical<br />
director and director of<br />
the National Lighting Product<br />
Information Program (NLPIP).<br />
Research includes energyefficient<br />
lighting and product<br />
testing.<br />
John Van Derlofske is a senior<br />
research scientist, research<br />
assistant professor, and head<br />
of transportation lighting.<br />
Research includes brightness<br />
perception and mesopic visual<br />
benefits of headlamps.<br />
Upper, left to right: John Van Derlofske,<br />
Yukio Akashi, John Bullough. Lower, left to<br />
right: Mariana Figueiro, Conan O’Rourke.<br />
January 2006 33
Legacy Sponsors<br />
GE<br />
T<br />
he IESNA was founded by visionary<br />
leaders who foresaw both the need<br />
and the opportunity to bring together<br />
those who would shape the future of lighting in North<br />
America. In the same way, General Electric company was<br />
founded and developed by visionaries who dreamed of a<br />
better way of life, driven by technology and innovation.<br />
It was in 1876, the centennial of America, that<br />
Thomas Alva Edison opened a new laboratory in Menlo<br />
Park, New Jersey, where new electrical devices would<br />
originate. It was here that perhaps Edison’s greatest<br />
invention – the first practical incandescent lamp – was<br />
made. This source of light fueled his vision for lighting<br />
the world, and became the cornerstone for the Edison<br />
General Electric Company. Of course, a source of light<br />
needs an electrical distribution system. In 1882, Edison<br />
started operating the Pearl Street Station, the first central<br />
generating station to light New York City.<br />
General Electric Company was formed in 1892 with<br />
the consolidation of the Thomson-Houston and the Edison<br />
General Electric Companies. And the stream of inventions<br />
and technical advancements are a tribute to the ingenuity<br />
and dedication of teams of people and the leaders who have<br />
provided the direction and opportunities for growth. GE is<br />
proud of its heritage in lighting, having provided key patents<br />
in every major light source family.<br />
Starting with the incandescent lamp, innovation has<br />
been the foundation of our past and the key to our future.<br />
Throughout the company, “imagination breakthroughs”—<br />
innovative “game-changers”—promise to dramatically<br />
impact not only our business, but also the way we all live.<br />
From jet engines to power generation, financial services<br />
to plastics, and medical imaging to news and information,<br />
GE employees worldwide are dedicated to turning<br />
imaginative ideas into leading products and services that<br />
help solve some of the world’s toughest problems. GE’s<br />
ecomaginationsm commitment is providing a new and<br />
exciting way to think about GREEN. Ecomagination<br />
focuses our imagination and capabilities on addressing<br />
today’s environmental challenges and developing<br />
tomorrow’s solutions. GE is doubling Green R&D<br />
investment to $1.5 billion by 2010, and is introducing<br />
more ecomagination products each year.<br />
Thomas Edison’s inventive spirit continues to guide our<br />
performance in everything we pursue. This rich tradition of<br />
progressive thinking has not only made General Electric the<br />
company it is today, but it will also provide the foundation<br />
for the way we work for decades to come.<br />
January 2006 35
CA R E E R S & H I R I N G<br />
Portrait of<br />
the Perfect<br />
Candidate<br />
By Paul Pompeo<br />
As IESNA enters its second century,<br />
let’s look into our crystal ball<br />
and try to envision the make-up of<br />
the “perfect” job candidate within<br />
the lighting industry.<br />
“The ideal candidates require a<br />
combination of strong technical capabilities<br />
and superior ‘soft’ skills, including<br />
high creativity, excellent project<br />
management skills and solid business<br />
acumen,” says Michelle Barbarone,<br />
human resources manager for<br />
Advance. “Successful candidates also<br />
need to demonstrate an ability to think<br />
beyond the product, market or industry<br />
at hand...almost looking at their<br />
market from the ‘outside in’ rather<br />
than from the ‘inside out.’”<br />
Larry Miller, senior vice president<br />
of human resources with Acuity<br />
Brands Lighting, says he looks “for<br />
creativity, a bias toward risk-taking<br />
and work/life balance.” Miller adds,<br />
“The paradigms have changed. Top<br />
employees must be individually<br />
resourceful and know how to function<br />
on teams. They must have intuitive<br />
judgment, but also be fact-based<br />
decision makers. They never maintain<br />
the status quo, but seek continuous<br />
improvement. They work ‘on’ the<br />
business, not ‘in’ the business.”<br />
With that as a framework, let’s<br />
look at some of the ingredients in<br />
our recipe for the perfect candidate<br />
of the future.<br />
Education<br />
Education is more than just classroom<br />
learning and degrees, say several<br />
industry veterans. “Our business<br />
is very technical and requires<br />
individuals who can ‘think on their<br />
feet,’ “ says Jon Memsic, director<br />
of national accounts and regional<br />
sales vice president for Holophane.<br />
“They need the ability and desire to<br />
learn new computer programs, as<br />
well as complete complex lighting<br />
design layouts for the consulting<br />
engineers.”<br />
Terry Fraser, general manager<br />
with Thomas Lighting, adds that his<br />
company “is looking for candidates<br />
with a college degree and a background<br />
that includes participation in<br />
extra-curricular activities that exhibit<br />
leadership and public speaking competencies.<br />
I think the biggest issue<br />
facing candidates today is desire<br />
for continuing education. We’re not<br />
looking to hire people who think that<br />
now that they’ve completed their<br />
formal education, they can forget<br />
about further educational pursuits.<br />
We look for candidates that want<br />
to increase their formal education,<br />
whether through an extended major,<br />
or an M.B.A., as well as striving for<br />
industry related credentials.”<br />
Chris Tedesco of Prisma Architectural<br />
Lighting adds that “receiving technical<br />
training on topics such as ASHRAE/<br />
IESNA 90.1, Title 24, and LEED standards<br />
and qualifications, as well as<br />
understanding the newest emerging<br />
sources and optical technologies<br />
will be extremely important.” Finally,<br />
Paresh Shah, a respected professional<br />
in the lighting design community,<br />
stresses the importance of the LC.<br />
“Lighting professional certification will<br />
be a great plus.”<br />
Lighting Design<br />
Design, along with engineering,<br />
is really the straw that stirs the drink<br />
in the lighting industry. Not surprisingly,<br />
experts say the skill set<br />
E.M. Forster once said, ‘One person with<br />
passion is better than 40 people merely<br />
interested’<br />
must blend the twin pillars of lighting—art<br />
and science. Jim Benya,<br />
principal with Benya Design, argues<br />
that “candidates must combine a<br />
practical education in lighting technology,<br />
computer methods, design<br />
and design production skills, and<br />
develop a grounding philosophy in<br />
design approach. To date, our higher<br />
education programs lack the ability<br />
to teach design—something we<br />
must learn to do to generate the candidates<br />
we need [for the future].”<br />
David Orgish, senior lighting<br />
designer with Peter & Myer Design<br />
Collaborative, says aspiring designers<br />
should be equally facile in dealing with<br />
36 www.iesna.org
CA R E E R S & H I R I N G<br />
both technical and creative issues.<br />
“Lighting design has changed dramatically<br />
in the past 15 years. As lighting<br />
design has gained prominence as<br />
a specialty, the focus of many entrylevel<br />
candidates has shifted toward<br />
technical competence. This has led,<br />
somewhat indirectly, to a decrease in<br />
the creative or compositionally driven<br />
considerations that are inherent in<br />
a successful lighting design project.<br />
In that regard, the perfect candidate<br />
would be someone who not only possesses<br />
the technical skills to work<br />
with the fundamentals of light, but<br />
someone who possesses the creative<br />
abilities to compose with the medium<br />
in a visually dynamic way.”<br />
John Nadon, business unit brand<br />
manager with Zumtobel Staff Lighting<br />
Inc., discusses a personal career path<br />
that could serve as a model for other<br />
designers. “I am spoiled in that I got<br />
the best start possible in design, and<br />
I look for a similar background in<br />
designers. I studied theater design<br />
and specialized in lighting design<br />
based on nothing more than my own<br />
interest. I loved playing with light,<br />
and the more I played the more I<br />
learned. I realized off-the-shelf products<br />
wouldn’t do everything I needed.<br />
I got to hand-make lighting fixtures<br />
to solve lighting problems. I worked<br />
also during summers for an electrical<br />
contractor.”<br />
Nadon recommends that designers<br />
embrace the idea of sales. “While<br />
I loved the design part, doing sales<br />
as well as design lets you see the<br />
practical issues that architects, interior<br />
designers and contractors face.<br />
You see that just thinking in lighting<br />
design terms is simply not enough.”<br />
While technical skill and artistic<br />
flair are paramount, Shah says<br />
designers shouldn’t underestimate<br />
the importance of a global network<br />
of personal contacts. “Design is now<br />
more of an international process<br />
than it has ever been. The ‘skunk<br />
works’ concept still applies, but now<br />
it is worldwide! A designer needs<br />
to have national and international<br />
January 2006 37
CA R E E R S & H I R I N G<br />
sources in terms of contacts—particularly<br />
suppliers and vendors of<br />
components used for the design of<br />
a product.”<br />
Lighting Systems<br />
One growth area in the industry<br />
has been lighting systems, as products<br />
get integrated and automation<br />
becomes a more frequent part of a<br />
lighting (and building) package. Over<br />
the last decade, new technology has<br />
enabled the development of these<br />
“smart” products. Jim Sekinger,<br />
director of business development,<br />
digital systems for Advance, feels<br />
this has “increasingly required end<br />
users to consider the entire system in<br />
place rather than just its components<br />
(e.g., ballasts, lamps, fixtures, controls,<br />
etc). As the market continues<br />
to embrace and drive such initiatives<br />
as LEED, smart buildings and other<br />
comprehensive approaches to energy<br />
efficiency and sustainability, company<br />
representatives will need to be<br />
knowledgeable in systems, as well as<br />
in their own specific product lines.”<br />
Passion<br />
E.M. Forster once said, “One person<br />
with passion is better than 40<br />
people merely interested.” Ralph<br />
Waldo Emerson said, “Enthusiasm<br />
is one of the most powerful engines<br />
of success. When you do a thing, do<br />
it with all your might. Put your whole<br />
soul into it. Stamp it with your own<br />
personality. Be active, be energetic<br />
and faithful, and you will accomplish<br />
your object. Nothing great was ever<br />
achieved without enthusiasm.”<br />
The last ingredient in our recipe<br />
for the perfect lighting candidate of<br />
the future may seem like an intangible,<br />
but passion is a critical characteristic,<br />
according to many industry<br />
leaders. “I am not big on credentials<br />
but rather on individuals who are<br />
passionate about lighting and understand<br />
the value that good lighting<br />
brings to everyone’s life,” says Larry<br />
Powers, president/CEO of Genlyte<br />
Group. “We need people who want<br />
to learn all there is to learn about<br />
good lighting and then be able to<br />
teach and sell what they know to<br />
others. Our industry has become<br />
too focused on price and we need to<br />
focus more on quality and innovation.<br />
If we can find individuals who<br />
are enthusiastic about what they do<br />
they will generally be successful.”<br />
Prisma’s Tedesco says he “recently<br />
had a conversation with a CEO of a<br />
well known European lighting manufacturer.<br />
His recipe for success is, ‘In<br />
business, as in life, one must have<br />
passion, patience and perseverance<br />
when striving for their goals.’ He felt<br />
that success is inevitable—it’s only a<br />
matter of time. I thought about this<br />
for a moment and agreed completely.<br />
Of the three ingredients, the first,<br />
passion, is probably the most important—and<br />
valuable—for employer<br />
and employee, alike. This passion<br />
should be held for one’s organization,<br />
for the product and service that<br />
this organization delivers, and most<br />
importantly for the specific responsibility<br />
that the individual is charged<br />
with. In sales, this is the ‘aura’ left<br />
behind long after a salesperson<br />
leaves a client’s office; it is the lingering<br />
impression of the individual as<br />
well as the product and organization<br />
that he or she represents.”<br />
The question is, how do you apply<br />
passion to what you are doing right<br />
now If you’re in a position in lighting<br />
where you don’t feel that passion,<br />
seek a different position within<br />
your company. If there is nothing<br />
within your company that fires that<br />
enthusiasm in you, then change<br />
companies. If you cannot find it in<br />
lighting, then change industries. The<br />
superior candidates of the future will<br />
possess a genuine enthusiasm—not<br />
a pseudo “rah-rah” attitude but a<br />
true passion—for what they do. In<br />
the years ahead, the axiom “successful<br />
people do what they love”<br />
will never be more true.<br />
Paul Pompeo is principal<br />
with The Pompeo<br />
Group in Albuquerque,<br />
NM, a leading executive<br />
recruiting firm in the lighting<br />
and electrical industry. Pompeo<br />
spent 16 years with Search West<br />
Inc. before starting his own firm<br />
in March of 2003. In 2004 he<br />
became the president of the<br />
IESNA/Rio Grande section (New<br />
Mexico). He can be reached at<br />
paul@pompeo.com or www.<br />
pompeo.com<br />
Make your<br />
VOICE<br />
HEARD!<br />
Join an IESNA<br />
committee:<br />
Fax (212) 248-5017<br />
38 www.iesna.org
Legacy Sponsors<br />
Holophane<br />
I<br />
n 1898, Otis Mygatt founded the Holophane<br />
Company in New York City, buying the<br />
original optical glass patents from Prof. Andre<br />
Blondel and Spiridion Psaroudaki. The name Holophane is<br />
derived from two Greek words, holos, meaning “whole or<br />
entire,” and phanein, meaning “to appear.” Thus the word<br />
“holophane” was defined as “to appear entirely shining.”<br />
In 1905, the general manager of Holophane, Van Rensselaer<br />
Lansingh, collaborated with Louis B. Marks in the founding<br />
of the IES in the Holophane offices in NYC. Several of the<br />
charter members were Holophane employees, including Prof.<br />
Andre Blondel. Lansingh became the first treasurer, later<br />
general secretary, and then president of the <strong>Society</strong>. At least five<br />
presidents of the IES have been Holophane employees.<br />
The company’s glass manufacturing facilities were<br />
established in Newark, Ohio, in 1900, and the early prismatic<br />
glass pieces were used to control gas mantles, carbon lamps,<br />
gas burners, and acetylene and oil lamps. Early refractors were<br />
used for gas streetlights, while reflectors were used in interior<br />
applications to enhance the efficiency of the gas mantles.<br />
During the early 1900s, Holophane engineers developed<br />
the initial method to measure both light intensity and<br />
distribution at one of the first photometric laboratories in the<br />
country, showcasing the famous Dibden photometer, the only<br />
one in the US with such a large range of capacity.<br />
By 1910, Holophane reflectors had become so popular<br />
that lamp manufacturers adopted the practice of advertising<br />
Holophane reflectors on every lamp carton and recommending<br />
their use with tungsten lamps. A company booklet dated 1918<br />
specifies the goals of street lighting: “To provide safety from<br />
collision, safety from attack, and convenience in recognizing the<br />
passer-by.” These goals were achieved by utilizing the company’s<br />
refractors, “giving highly efficient results.”<br />
Since its founding Holophane has innovated a myriad<br />
of innovative new products. Among them were significant<br />
industry firsts, such as: WallpackTM, cobrahead refractor,<br />
glass fluorescent lens, 2 X 4 injection molded fluorescent lens,<br />
integrally ballasted industrial luminaire, direct/indirect HID<br />
unit for industrial and retail, high-mast luminaire, high-mast<br />
lowering device, off-highway luminaire, UL listed hazardous<br />
area lighting, low-brightness efficient fluorescent lens,<br />
Equivalent Spherical Illumination lens, innovative specialty<br />
lighting for food processing and automobile paint inspection,<br />
high-wattage continuously dimmable HID electronic ballast,<br />
and thermal management system for T5 lamps.<br />
During WWII the company was awarded an Army/Navy<br />
“E” award for developing a signaling lens for the Navy that<br />
transmitted light in a frequency invisible to the human eye.<br />
In 1973 Holophane began designing and manufacturing its<br />
own HID Electromagnetic ballasts providing full lamp output,<br />
low watts loss and improved thermal characteristics for its own<br />
luminaires. The combination of borosilicate glass, optical design<br />
expertise, high performance ballasts, innovative product leadership<br />
and its own employee sales force has given Holophane a successful,<br />
highly respected position in the lighting marketplace.<br />
Some of the prestigious installations utilizing the company’s<br />
products include: Westminster Abbey, NBC Radio City<br />
Studios (the first inbuilt lighting in a ceiling), US House of<br />
Representatives and Senate assembly areas, Olympic Ice<br />
Hockey Stadium in Lake Placid, Queen Elizabeth Way in<br />
Ontario, Notre Dame Athletic Convocation Center, Boeing 747<br />
assembly facility, Newark Airport (NJ), San Francisco Airport,<br />
Dames Point Bridge in Jacksonville, Koin Tower in Portland,<br />
State Street in Chicago, The Embarcadero in San Francisco,<br />
street lighting for the Atlanta Olympics, and millions of other<br />
indoor, outdoor, and specialty lighting projects worldwide.<br />
Holophane Company became part of what is now Acuity<br />
Brands Inc. in July 1999.<br />
January 2006 41
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T<br />
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T<br />
E. Leavenworth Elliott<br />
‘Five years ago it was almost impossible for a<br />
consulting illuminating engineer to get into an<br />
architect’s office’<br />
Van Rensselaer Lansingh<br />
Louis B. Marks<br />
Edward L. Nichols<br />
John W. Lieb<br />
Walter D’Arcy Ryan<br />
‘It has been Proposed to form a<br />
College of New York and at Cornell,<br />
Louis Bell at Dartmouth and<br />
Van Rensselaer Lansingh at the<br />
Massachusetts Institute of Technology.<br />
They had among the best<br />
of the technical educations that<br />
could be acquired in the U.S. at<br />
the end of the 19 th century.<br />
For many, their entry into busi-<br />
century, many major American<br />
cities were in the midst of a construction<br />
boom that would transform<br />
urban skylines and many<br />
industries—lighting among them.<br />
1900-1905<br />
Lighting in the five years just<br />
before the founding of the Illu-<br />
duced improvements that had<br />
fueled the see-saw of dominance<br />
for 20 years. It was not clear at<br />
the time what would become<br />
the dominant form of “artificial<br />
light” and the question of the<br />
most efficacious and economical<br />
source was far from settled. But<br />
as competitive as other forms<br />
<strong>Society</strong>...’<br />
ness and professional practice<br />
was marked by the Panic of 1893<br />
and the serious economic de-<br />
minating <strong>Engineering</strong> <strong>Society</strong><br />
was provided by technologies as<br />
varied as would ever be avail-<br />
of lighting were, incandescent<br />
electric lighting was growing<br />
the fastest. In 1905, 40 million<br />
pression that followed. Sparked<br />
able. Depending on locale, con-<br />
incandescent lamps were sold in<br />
by a run on treasury gold and<br />
struction and availability, any of<br />
the U.S., and the total spent on<br />
By David DiLaura<br />
Lighting’s preeminent historian describes how<br />
visionaries, risk takers, practitioners, academics<br />
and businessmen banded together in 1905-06<br />
to create the IES<br />
the failure of the Philadelphia<br />
and Reading Railroad, there was<br />
wide-spread panic. Bank failures<br />
resulted, followed by other<br />
railroad bankruptcies and stock<br />
price collapses. The resulting<br />
these lighting sources might be<br />
found in use:<br />
•<br />
•<br />
•<br />
Kerosene lighting<br />
Gas lighting<br />
Incandescent gas lighting<br />
with mantles<br />
electric lighting for the year was<br />
greater than $120 million.<br />
This state of lighting technology<br />
meant that the men involved<br />
in lighting needed to have a command<br />
of and experience with a<br />
economic depression lasted more<br />
•<br />
Arc lighting<br />
wide range of technologies.<br />
than five years; it was by far the<br />
•<br />
Flame-arc lighting<br />
At the turn of the 20 th century,<br />
Most of the men who were<br />
the organizers, founders<br />
and early members<br />
of the <strong>Illuminating</strong> <strong>Engineering</strong><br />
<strong>Society</strong> were born as the American<br />
Civil War was ending, or not<br />
long after. Their parents raised<br />
families in a society transformed<br />
by war. Most of the men involved<br />
came from Northern families<br />
and so with the post-war prosperity<br />
were able to obtain good<br />
educations. Louis B. Marks, for<br />
example, was educated at City<br />
most serious financial crisis to<br />
have hit the U.S. up to that time,<br />
and the lighting industry was not<br />
above this turmoil.<br />
But recovery began near the<br />
end of the decade. One mark of<br />
this was the increase in construction<br />
activity. By the turn of the<br />
•<br />
•<br />
•<br />
•<br />
Incandescent electric lighting<br />
Moore tube discharge lighting<br />
Cooper-Hewitt mercury-vapor<br />
discharge lighting<br />
Acetylene lighting<br />
The competition between gas<br />
lighting and electric incandescent<br />
lighting was fierce and pro-<br />
electricity was provided by socalled<br />
central stations: buildings<br />
housing dynamos powered by<br />
steam engines and the necessary<br />
gear to control the electric power.<br />
Central stations owned the wiring<br />
that distributed the electric power<br />
and sold the final electric applianc-<br />
42 www.iesna.org<br />
LD+A January 2006 43
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T<br />
Company and its licensees made<br />
the refractive glass globes that<br />
had become widely used and<br />
critically important to electric<br />
lighting. Metal reflectors made<br />
by companies such as the Federal<br />
Electric Company, Benjamin<br />
Electric Manufacturing Company,<br />
and I. P. Frink, were even<br />
more widely used. A few men<br />
tion devoted exclusively to lighting.<br />
Both groups had been distracted<br />
by the tremendous growth<br />
in their industries—growth in areas<br />
other than lighting—and lighting<br />
was not getting leadership<br />
from either organization. A bellwether<br />
of this was the inability of<br />
either group to agree on a single<br />
standard of luminous intensity to<br />
be used in photometry.<br />
The most difficult question discussed that<br />
evening was the matter of the organization’s<br />
name. Not everyone was convinced that it<br />
should contain the word ‘engineer’<br />
es to customers that used the electricity.<br />
The first central station in<br />
the U.S. was built in San Francisco<br />
in 1879 and powered the Brush arclighting<br />
system. Companies owned<br />
central stations and were usually<br />
given an exclusive license by<br />
a manufacturer of lighting equipment<br />
for a territory. Lamps were<br />
not purchased from manufacturers;<br />
they were not available from<br />
retailers or wholesalers. Lamps<br />
were sold by the major lamp manufacturers<br />
almost exclusively to central<br />
station operators.<br />
The group that founded the <strong>Society</strong><br />
and helped it flourish consisted<br />
of men from five areas of<br />
lighting. The men who operated<br />
central stations and those who<br />
worked for the lamp manufacturers<br />
constituted two groups of professionals<br />
involved in lighting.<br />
Gas companies had been shocked<br />
into renovating their product and<br />
service as the competition from<br />
electric lighting grew. The men of<br />
these companies formed a third,<br />
entirely separate group involved in<br />
lighting.<br />
A fourth group was those that<br />
worked for the many companies<br />
that manufactured lighting appliances.<br />
The Holophane Glass<br />
from companies that made combination<br />
fixtures—a gas burner<br />
and a socket for an incandescent<br />
lamp—were also involved.<br />
The fifth and certainly smallest<br />
group was consultants and<br />
designers of lighting systems,<br />
academics and other scientists.<br />
Not surprisingly, these were<br />
among the most instrumental in<br />
founding the <strong>Society</strong>. The most<br />
prominent men in this group<br />
were Louis Marks, Louis Bell,<br />
Norman Macbeth, Clayton Sharp<br />
and Herbert Ives.<br />
The professional societies most<br />
having to do with lighting at that<br />
time were the American Institute<br />
of Electrical Engineers and the<br />
American Gas Light Association.<br />
In many ways their inattention to<br />
lighting prompted the perceived<br />
need for a professional organiza-<br />
First Meeting and<br />
Officers<br />
In October of 1905, Louis Marks,<br />
then an independent consultant,<br />
contacted his colleague Van Rensselaer<br />
Lansingh at the Holophane<br />
Glass Company about forming a<br />
new society devoted to lighting.<br />
Their conversations eventually<br />
included E. Leavenworth Elliott<br />
who was about to begin publishing<br />
what he called “a technical<br />
journal devoted to the use of artificial<br />
light,” The <strong>Illuminating</strong> Engineer.<br />
They wanted to determine<br />
whether there was enough interest<br />
to form such a society, and so<br />
from Lansingh’s Holophane office<br />
the three issued the following letter<br />
to about 30 men in New York<br />
City and the surrounding area<br />
that they knew were interested in<br />
lighting. Responses were to be directed<br />
to Marks.<br />
227 Fulton Street.<br />
New York, December 13, 1905.<br />
Dear Sir:-<br />
It has been proposed to form<br />
a <strong>Society</strong> of <strong>Illuminating</strong> Engineers,<br />
composed of those people<br />
44 www.iesna.org
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T<br />
who are especially interested<br />
in the question of light and its<br />
distribution. For this purpose,<br />
the undersigned have asked a<br />
number of those most prominently<br />
interested in such questions<br />
to meet at the Hotel Astor,<br />
44th Street and Broadway, this<br />
city, on Thursday evening, December<br />
21, at 6:30 o’clock, to<br />
talk over the formation of such a<br />
society and to discuss whatever<br />
is necessary to accomplish this<br />
purpose. We trust you will be<br />
able to attend this meeting and<br />
would ask that you kindly let Mr.<br />
L. B. Marks, 202 Broadway, New<br />
York City, know beforehand so<br />
that arrangements for an informal<br />
dinner may be made. The<br />
price of this dinner will be $1.00<br />
each.<br />
Trusting that we may have the<br />
pleasure of meeting you at that<br />
time, we are,<br />
Very truly yours,<br />
L. B. Marks,<br />
E. Leavenworth Elliott,<br />
Van Rensselaer Lansingh.<br />
P.S.-The dinner will be purely<br />
informal and business suits will<br />
be in order.<br />
Among the list of those contacted<br />
were Prof. Charles P. Matthews;<br />
Prof. Edward L. Nichols;<br />
Proctor Dougherty; Albert Spies;<br />
John W. Lieb; and W.D. Weaver.<br />
Charles P. Matthews was teaching<br />
at Purdue University and was<br />
very active in photometry, having<br />
developed one of the first flux<br />
integrators. He had published extensively<br />
on lighting topics and<br />
his interest in a new organization<br />
would have been natural.<br />
Prof. Edward L. Nichols had<br />
been one of Marks’ instructors<br />
while he was at Cornell University<br />
earning his master’s degree.<br />
He was a nationally recognized<br />
leader in physics and an important<br />
figure in electrical engineering<br />
and lighting. His status<br />
and influence made him an obvious<br />
person to invite. Though<br />
Nichols was unable to attend the<br />
meeting, he was enthusiastic.<br />
Lansingh knew Proctor Dougherty<br />
from his days at MIT and<br />
Dougherty’s connection with the<br />
federal government must have<br />
been considered promising.<br />
The response from Albert Spies,<br />
editor of The Electrical Age, was<br />
measured but supportive.<br />
At the time of Mark’s invitation,<br />
John W. Lieb was an important<br />
veteran of electric incandescent<br />
lighting, president of the<br />
American Institute of Electrical<br />
Engineers, the most famous central<br />
station engineer in the lighting<br />
industry and immensely influential.<br />
He would become vice<br />
president and general manager<br />
of the New York Edison Company.<br />
Lieb had been sent to Milan,<br />
Italy, to oversee the technical<br />
aspects of establishing Edison<br />
Central Stations. Lieb stayed 10<br />
years, becoming well known<br />
throughout Europe. He returned<br />
in 1894 to work in the New York<br />
Edison Company. Lieb was enthusiastic<br />
but was aware of potential<br />
political problems.<br />
The response from W.D. Weaver,<br />
editor of Electrical Word, was<br />
considerably more measured and<br />
reserved than any other; arguing<br />
that it was premature to form a<br />
new organization, and describing<br />
several political problems that<br />
would likely arise should a new<br />
organization be formed. Weaver<br />
predicted a turf war between the<br />
American Institute of Electrical<br />
Engineers and any new organization<br />
that promoted the idea<br />
that specialists should be doing<br />
the lighting work that was then<br />
be done by electrical engineers.<br />
As it happened, though his letter<br />
stated he would not be able to attend,<br />
he did attend—indicating<br />
perhaps the importance of the<br />
development.<br />
Twenty-five men gathered at<br />
the Astor Hotel in response to the<br />
invitation of Marks, Elliott and<br />
Lansingh. At that meeting, called<br />
to order by Lansingh, Marks’s<br />
position as instigator and leader<br />
was recognized and he was<br />
elected as temporary chairman.<br />
Elliott was elected to serve as<br />
temporary secretary. This later<br />
appointment was fortunate, for<br />
the details about this and subsequent<br />
meetings appeared in<br />
Elliott’s The <strong>Illuminating</strong> Engineer.<br />
Marks stated that the purpose<br />
of the meeting should be to<br />
determine the object of the pro-<br />
LD+A January 2006 45
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T<br />
posed society and its relation to<br />
what he referred to as “its sister<br />
institution, the American Institute<br />
of Electrical Engineers.”<br />
That there was a need for a<br />
new organization appears to<br />
have been obvious to all present.<br />
Three of the response letters that<br />
Marks received talked of a movement<br />
to establish illuminating<br />
engineering. The “<strong>Illuminating</strong><br />
<strong>Engineering</strong> Movement” would<br />
soon become something that<br />
professionals discussed and later<br />
historians recognized. Work that<br />
was clearly recognized as illuminating<br />
engineering—separate<br />
from electrical engineering—was<br />
growing and all indications were<br />
that growth would be maintained.<br />
W. D’Arcy Ryan, one of<br />
the meeting’s attendees, stated:<br />
“Five years ago it was almost<br />
impossible for a consulting<br />
illuminating engineer to<br />
get into an architect’s office.<br />
Three years ago the work had<br />
increased to such an extent<br />
that I was obliged to drop all<br />
other work and follow illuminating<br />
engineering exclusively.<br />
I have now six assistant engineers<br />
and every one of us is<br />
on the go...”<br />
The most difficult question discussed<br />
that evening was the matter<br />
of the organization’s name.<br />
Not everyone was convinced that<br />
it should contain the word “engineer”—the<br />
thought being that it<br />
was elite and would antagonize<br />
the American Institute of Electrical<br />
Engineers. Elliott and Otis<br />
Mygatt, founder of the Holophane<br />
Glass Company, argued that<br />
part of the purpose of the new<br />
organization was to further the<br />
movement to establish lighting<br />
specialists—illuminating engineers—and<br />
the name of the organization<br />
should reflect that.<br />
The meeting ended with all<br />
present agreeing that a Committee<br />
on Organization, consisting<br />
of seven of those present, would<br />
draft a constitution and by-laws<br />
and propose a name for the new<br />
organization. Evidently, everyone<br />
involved considered the matter of<br />
establishing a new organization<br />
appropriate and timely, not needing<br />
a great deal of research: the<br />
committee was to have its report<br />
ready in two weeks and the next<br />
meeting was scheduled to take<br />
place at that time.<br />
On Wednesday evening, January<br />
10, 1906, at the Hotel Astor,<br />
another meeting was convened<br />
“to complete the formation of a<br />
society devoted to the Science<br />
and Art of Illumination.” The<br />
report of the Committee on Organization<br />
was read and adopted<br />
without change. The contents<br />
had evidently been vetted<br />
by many interested parties and<br />
changes made before the meeting.<br />
Officers were then elected:<br />
L.B. Marks president, A.A. Pope<br />
and C.H. Sharp vice presidents,<br />
V.R. Lansingh treasurer and<br />
E.L. Elliott secretary. Tellingly,<br />
Marks was elected by acclamation,<br />
while the other offices had<br />
several candidates and required<br />
balloting. In addition to officers,<br />
a board of managers was also<br />
elected: W.D. Weaver, A.H. Elliott.<br />
W.S. Kellogg, E.C. Brown,<br />
F.N. Olcott and W. D’Arcy Ryan.<br />
The meeting ended with the<br />
agreement that the next meeting<br />
would take place on Tuesday<br />
evening, February 13, again at<br />
the Astor Hotel.<br />
First Meeting,<br />
First Year<br />
The meeting scheduled for February<br />
13, 1906 took place at the<br />
Hotel Astor and was the first full<br />
technical meeting of the <strong>Illuminating</strong><br />
<strong>Engineering</strong> <strong>Society</strong>. In<br />
the intervening month, more than<br />
150 members were enrolled in the<br />
new organization, and interest in<br />
establishing branches in other<br />
American cities was immediate.<br />
At this meeting L.B. Marks delivered<br />
his presidential address,<br />
46 www.iesna.org
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T<br />
outlining “the present state of<br />
the science and art of illumination,”<br />
the scope of the new <strong>Society</strong>,<br />
its aims and objects, and<br />
the relation of the new society<br />
to other organizations. Marks<br />
summary of the present state of<br />
lighting focused on two issues:<br />
the problem of discomfort glare<br />
and providing better value for<br />
the consumer’s dollar. On discomfort<br />
glare he noted that:<br />
“Though much attention<br />
has recently been given to<br />
the subject of globes, shades<br />
and reflectors, the fact still remains<br />
that unshaded or inadequately<br />
shaded lamps are the<br />
rule rather than the exception.<br />
In considering the present status<br />
of the science and art of<br />
illumination there is perhaps<br />
no question that is in need of<br />
more immediate attention<br />
than this one. The practice<br />
of placing lights of excessive<br />
intrinsic brightness within<br />
the ordinary field of vision is<br />
so common as to cause great<br />
apprehension among those<br />
who have studied the question<br />
from a physiological point of<br />
view that our eyesight is suffering<br />
permanent injury.”<br />
Marks had done research with<br />
current U.S. Census Reports,<br />
Union Carbide (Acetylene) and<br />
Standard Oil, and listed the following<br />
consumer costs of lighting<br />
for 1905:<br />
•<br />
•<br />
Electric light $120 million<br />
Coal and water gas $40 million<br />
•<br />
•<br />
•<br />
Natural gas $1.7 million<br />
Acetylene $2.5 million<br />
Oil $60 million<br />
The total, about $220 million,<br />
was probably an underestimate.<br />
About the scope of the society,<br />
Marks noted that:<br />
“The term ‘engineering,’ as<br />
used in the name of this <strong>Society</strong>,<br />
unless viewed in its broad<br />
sense, is to a certain extent a<br />
misnomer, as the <strong>Society</strong> will<br />
deal with some phases of illumination<br />
that may not properly<br />
be said to come within the<br />
distinct field of engineering,<br />
such for instance as the physiological<br />
side of the question.<br />
The <strong>Society</strong> will be interested<br />
in every phase of the subject<br />
of illumination whether from<br />
an engineering point of view<br />
or otherwise, and will throw<br />
its doors quite as wide open to<br />
the layman as to the professional.<br />
It will not, however,<br />
deal with questions relating<br />
to the production or distribution<br />
of the energy from which<br />
the light produced.”<br />
The discussion of Marks presidential<br />
address was long and<br />
detailed. Those present included<br />
representatives from all sectors<br />
of the lighting industry: electric<br />
and gas suppliers, equipment<br />
manufacturers, consultants and<br />
academics. Enthusiasm arose<br />
from every corner. The meeting<br />
and its participants drew the<br />
attention of the press. The following<br />
morning an editorial ap-<br />
peared in the New York Tribune<br />
entitled The Art of Lighting.<br />
On January 28, 1907, the headquarters<br />
was moved from the<br />
temporary space that had been<br />
provided by the Holophane Glass<br />
Company, to an office in the <strong>Engineering</strong><br />
Societies’ Building,<br />
at 29 West 39th Street. The first<br />
annual meeting was held on<br />
January 7, 1907. By then the organization<br />
had established itself<br />
nationally, with sections in New<br />
England, Chicago, Pittsburgh,<br />
Philadelphia and New York.<br />
Membership stood at 815 at the<br />
time of that first anniversary<br />
meeting and the first year’s budget<br />
had been $4000.<br />
The <strong>Society</strong> began publishing<br />
immediately. Volume 1, Number<br />
1 of the Transactions of the <strong>Illuminating</strong><br />
<strong>Engineering</strong> <strong>Society</strong><br />
appeared in February 1906. In<br />
the 11 months of its first publication<br />
year, the <strong>Society</strong> printed<br />
more than 400 pages of technical<br />
presentations and discussions<br />
dealing with all aspects of<br />
lighting. It has done so continuously<br />
for 100 years.<br />
About the Author: David L.<br />
DiLaura, Fellow IESNA (Member<br />
1968), has taught illuminating engineering<br />
at the University of Colorado,<br />
Boulder, for more than 20<br />
years. His development of mathematical procedures<br />
and lighting software programs—used universally<br />
by manufacturers and designers—laid the groundwork<br />
for lighting software used today. Prof. DiLaura<br />
recently published a translation of Johann Heinrich<br />
Lambert’s “Photometria” and is author of the new<br />
book, A History of Light and Lighting. A past IESNA<br />
Medal recipient, he also serves as the editor of LEU-<br />
KOS, the online journal of the IESNA.<br />
LD+A January 2006 47
Legacy Sponsors<br />
Osram Sylvania<br />
O<br />
SRAM SYLVANIA, the North American<br />
subsidiary of OSRAM GmbH that<br />
manufactures SYLVANIA branded lamps,<br />
ballasts, precision materials and components, had its<br />
beginnings in the early 1900s. In 1901 in Middleton,<br />
Mass., Frank A. Poor purchased a half-interest in Merritt<br />
Manufacturing Company, a small firm that refilled burnedout<br />
light bulbs. Later, Poor bought out his partner and<br />
moved the plant to Danvers, Mass., changing the name of<br />
the company to Bay State Lamp Company.<br />
In 1909, Poor formed Hygrade Lamp Company to sell<br />
new incandescent lamps made by Bay State. Hygrade was<br />
producing nearly 3,000 units a day by 1911.<br />
Meanwhile, Novelty Incandescent Lamp Company had<br />
been organized in 1905 in St. Marys and Emporium, Pa.,<br />
which attracted the attention of General Motors. General<br />
Motors purchased control of Novelty in 1910 and hired<br />
Bernard G. Erskine to head the operation.<br />
By 1916, Hygrade in Massachusetts had discontinued<br />
filling burned-out lamps, and moved to larger quarters in<br />
Salem, Mass. where new light bulb production reached<br />
11,000 per day.<br />
In 1922, Erskine and two partners bought the Novelty<br />
Lamp Company from GM and created the Nilco Lamp<br />
Works. Lamp production was located at the St. Marys,<br />
Pa., plant. In 1924, Nilco formed the Sylvania Products<br />
Co. to enter the radio tube field. Hygrade also began<br />
manufacturing radio tubes in 1929 in Salem, Mass.<br />
In 1931, Nilco, Sylvania and Hygrade merged to<br />
form Hygrade Sylvania Corporation. The new firm’s two<br />
plants were soon producing 90,000 lamps and 50,000<br />
radio tubes each day.<br />
By 1932, the first research on fluorescent lamps had<br />
been started. The end of the decade saw the advent of the<br />
first linear fluorescent lamps. The new lamp was a major<br />
breakthrough in lighting technology, producing much<br />
more lumens per watt and lasting much longer than the<br />
incandescent lamp. Public interest grew when the fluorescent<br />
was first exhibited at the 1939 New York World’s Fair.<br />
Unfortunately, no lighting fixtures were commercially<br />
available for the new light source. In 1940, Sylvania opened<br />
the world’s first fluorescent fixture plant in Ipswich, Mass. A<br />
year later, in Danvers, Mass., the company opened what was<br />
then the world’s largest fluorescent lamp factory.<br />
In 1949, Sylvania Canada Limited was launched with<br />
the establishment of a head office in Montreal, Quebec and<br />
a fluorescent plant in Drummondville, Quèbec.<br />
After World War II, Sylvania Electric was acquired<br />
in 1959 by General Telephone, who wanted a strong<br />
manufacturing subsidiary to fuel the expansion of the<br />
telephone business.<br />
In 1971, the company’s name was changed to GTE<br />
Sylvania Incorporated. Its parent, General Telephone &<br />
Electronics Corporation, reorganized its manufacturing<br />
operations into five worldwide business groups. GTE<br />
Electrical Products was formed in 1980 and Lighting<br />
became part of that group.<br />
In early 1993, OSRAM GmbH purchased GTE’s North<br />
American lighting and related precision materials operations<br />
and OSRAM SYLVANIA was formed. From its humble<br />
beginnings in 1901, the company, headquartered in Danvers,<br />
Mass., has been transformed into a truly international<br />
enterprise and become a worldwide supplier of lamps,<br />
ballasts, and precision materials.<br />
January 2006 49
I E S : A H I S T O RY<br />
I E S : A H I S T O RY<br />
Mission<br />
The IESNA seeks to improve<br />
the lighted environment<br />
by bringing together those<br />
with lighting knowledge<br />
and by translating that<br />
knowledge into actions that<br />
benefit the public.<br />
VIsion<br />
The IESNA will build upon<br />
a century of excellence to<br />
create the premier lighting<br />
community dedicated<br />
to promoting the art and<br />
science of lighting to its<br />
members, allied professional<br />
organizations and<br />
the public.<br />
Collaboration<br />
IESNA regularly works with other organizations, including:<br />
• American <strong>Society</strong> of Heating, Refrigerating and<br />
•<br />
•<br />
•<br />
•<br />
•<br />
•<br />
Air-Conditioning Engineers<br />
International Association of Lighting Designer<br />
International Association of Lighting Management Companies<br />
International Dark-Sky Association<br />
Lighting Research Center<br />
Lighting Research Office<br />
National Council on Qualifications for the<br />
Lighting Professions<br />
•<br />
National Electrical Contractors Association<br />
In collaboration with these organizations, the <strong>Society</strong> develops<br />
publications and other programs for lighting professionals.<br />
KEY Figures<br />
Individual Members: 8,873<br />
Corporate Members: 349<br />
Founded: January 10, 1906<br />
Periodicals:<br />
Lighting Design + Application (LD+A)<br />
LEUKOS, The Journal of the<br />
<strong>Illuminating</strong> <strong>Engineering</strong> <strong>Society</strong><br />
Regions and Sections<br />
IESNA is comprised of 124 sections, including 26 student sec-<br />
‘Clean<br />
Sweepers’<br />
Louis<br />
Like most professional associations, IESNA bestows a<br />
Q<br />
A<br />
number of awards for both technical achievement and service<br />
to the <strong>Society</strong>. The IESNA “Big 4,” as they are sometimes<br />
called, are the Medal Award; the Louis B. Marks Award; the<br />
Distinguished Service Award; and Fellow Designation.<br />
4<br />
Can you name the only six individuals in the 100-year<br />
history of the IESNA to receive all four awards<br />
Charles Amick (1975, 1995, 1985, 1955)<br />
Howard Brandston (1999, 2005, 1985, 1983)<br />
Ian Lewin (1997, 2003, 1992, 1978)<br />
Joseph Murdoch (2004, 2002, 1988, 1979)<br />
Stephen Squillace (1985, 2000, 1984, 1975)<br />
George Taylor (1971, 1987, 1969, 1953)<br />
IES Presidents<br />
1906-1930<br />
B. Marks 1906<br />
Clayton H. Sharp 1907<br />
Louis Bell 1908<br />
William H. Gartley 1909<br />
E.P. Hyde 1910<br />
A.E. Kennelly 1911<br />
Van Rensselaer Lansingh 1912<br />
Preston S. Millar 1913<br />
Charles O. Bond 1914<br />
A.S. McAllister 1914-1915<br />
Charles P. Steinmetz 1915-1916<br />
William J. Serrill 1916-1917<br />
G.H. Stickney 1917-1918<br />
George A. Hoadley 1918-1919<br />
S.E. Doane 1919-1920<br />
George H. Harries 1920-1921<br />
George S. Crampton 1921-1922<br />
Ward Harrison 1922-1923<br />
C.L. Law 1923-1924<br />
E.C. Crittenden 1924-1925<br />
M. Luckiesh 1925 -1926<br />
H.H. Higbie 1926-1927<br />
Norman Macbeth 1927-1928<br />
tions, within 10 regions throughout North America.<br />
M.C. Huse 1928-1929<br />
The years indicate receipt of the Medal, Marks, DSA and Fellow Awards,<br />
respectively.<br />
H.H. Magdsick 1929-1930<br />
IESNA retrospective<br />
50 www.iesna.org<br />
LD+A January 2006 51
I E S : A H I S T O RY<br />
I E S : A H I S T O RY<br />
Fifty-three years separated publication of the First Edition<br />
of the IES Lighting Handbook in 1947 and the most recent<br />
version, the Ninth Edition, published in 2000. More<br />
than 100 contributing specialists—engineers, architects, physicists,<br />
decorators, artists and ophthalmologists—offered their<br />
expertise to the First Edition. Three times that number were<br />
involved by the time of the Ninth Edition.<br />
Indeed, the evolution of the Handbook reflects the changes that<br />
have taken place in the lighting profession. The initial emphasis<br />
on “quantity” (in the form of recommended illuminances) has<br />
information and of time-tested application techniques is recognized<br />
as the best foundation for future advancement. It is conceived<br />
by the <strong>Society</strong> that this Handbook will provide its readers<br />
with the essential information required in their daily work...”<br />
—Robert W. McKinley<br />
2000—The Editor Writes...<br />
“Many of us believe that the ninth edition<br />
of the IESNA Lighting Handbook represents<br />
a watershed in lighting practice.<br />
IES Presidents<br />
1930-1955<br />
W.F. Little 1930-1931<br />
Julius Daniels 1931-1932<br />
J.W. Barker 1932-1933<br />
J.L. Stair 1933-1934<br />
A.L. Powell 1934-1935<br />
L.A.S Wood 1935-1936<br />
given way to a philosophical shift toward “quality.”<br />
Over the past 20 years there has been a<br />
G.B. Regar 1936-1937<br />
Quantity<br />
What follows is a look back at what the editor of the First Edition<br />
(Robert W. McKinley) and the editor of the Ninth Edition<br />
(Mark S. Rea) had to say in the respective Prefaces to the Handbook<br />
about the effort they had just spearheaded.<br />
1947—The Editor Writes...<br />
“Through the years since 1906, the <strong>Illuminating</strong> <strong>Engineering</strong><br />
<strong>Society</strong> has been publishing the findings of the leaders in the<br />
fields of lighting application and research. In addition to the 41<br />
movement in lighting practice from illuminating<br />
engineering to lighting design,<br />
a movement from calculations of illuminance<br />
to judgments of aesthetics, a movement<br />
from quantity to quality. For the first time, the IESNA has,<br />
through this edition, formalized recommendations of lighting<br />
quality, reflecting this movement in lighting practice.<br />
“These formal recommendations are provided in a matrix<br />
entitled the IESNA Lighting Design Guide. The Guide includes<br />
H.B. Dates 1937-1938<br />
D.W. Atwater 1938-1939<br />
L.H. Graves 1939-1940<br />
A.D. Cameron 1940-1941<br />
Willard Brown 1941-1942<br />
R. B. Brown, Jr. 1942-1943<br />
Howard M. Sharp 1943-1944<br />
S.B. Williams 1944-1945<br />
& Quality<br />
T h e I E S N A H a n d b o o k<br />
volumes of its journal, the I.E.S. Film, and the many lighting installation<br />
data sheets, pamphlets and books prepared under its<br />
sponsorship, there is today so much excellent literature on lighting<br />
published by others that it has become exceedingly difficult<br />
to keep abreast of advancement along the ever-expanding lighting<br />
horizon. For one person to collect and digest the findings of<br />
the past half-century of progress would require a life-time of<br />
research. Nevertheless, an understanding of the basic technical<br />
recommendations on important lighting design criteria such<br />
as eye-source-task geometry, flicker, color, and glare. They are<br />
provided alongside the traditional recommendations of illuminance<br />
for a wide variety of applications. The intent of the Guide<br />
is to broaden the perspective of lighting practitioners and to direct<br />
them to specify higher quality lighting...”<br />
—Mark S. Rea<br />
A.F. Wakefield 1945-1946<br />
G.K. Hardacre 1946-1947<br />
R.W. Staud 1947-1948<br />
L.E. Tayler 1948-1949<br />
C.H. Goddard 1949-1950<br />
Walter Sturrock 1950-1951<br />
S.G. Hibben 1951-1952<br />
E.M. Strong 1952-1953<br />
A.H. Manwaring 1953-1954<br />
D.M. Jones 1954-1955<br />
THE YEAR WAS<br />
1906<br />
An earthquake and fire<br />
destroy San Francisco<br />
on April 18, killing 530<br />
and causing $350 million<br />
worth of damage.<br />
Congress adopts the<br />
Preservation of American<br />
Antiquities Act, designed<br />
primarily to protect historic<br />
sites for posterity.<br />
President Theodore<br />
Roosevelt is awarded<br />
The Nobel Peace Prize.<br />
Women’s rights pioneer<br />
Susan B. Anthony and<br />
painter Paul Cezanne die.<br />
52 www.iesna.org<br />
LD+A January 2006 53
I E S : A H I S T O RY<br />
I E S : A H I S T O RY<br />
Regions<br />
Canadian Region<br />
Bluenose<br />
Fiddlehead<br />
Montreal<br />
National Captial<br />
Northumberland<br />
Toronto<br />
Winnipeg<br />
Carleton University<br />
Northeastern Region<br />
Central New York<br />
Down East<br />
Long Island<br />
Mid-Hudson Valley<br />
Mohawk Hudson<br />
New England<br />
New Jersey<br />
New York<br />
Rhode Island<br />
Western New England<br />
Rensselaer Polytechnic<br />
Institute<br />
University of Hartford<br />
University of New Hampshire<br />
East Central Region<br />
Blue Ridge<br />
Capital<br />
Lehigh Valley<br />
Maryland<br />
& Sections<br />
Philadelphia<br />
Susquehanna<br />
Tidewater Virginia<br />
Virginia<br />
Drexel University<br />
Penn State Universtity<br />
Great Lakes Region<br />
Buckeye<br />
Cleveland<br />
Indiana<br />
Miami Valley<br />
Michigan<br />
Ohio Valley<br />
Pittsburgh<br />
Rochester<br />
Summit City<br />
Toledo Area<br />
Western Michigan<br />
Western New York<br />
Eastern Michigan University<br />
Indiana University<br />
Kent State University<br />
University of Michigan<br />
Midwest Region<br />
Blackhawk<br />
Central Kansas<br />
Chicago<br />
Great Plains<br />
Flint Hills<br />
Heart Of America<br />
Iowa<br />
Madison<br />
Milwaukee<br />
St. Louis<br />
Twin Cities<br />
Kansas State University<br />
Milwaukee School of<br />
<strong>Engineering</strong><br />
So. Illinois University<br />
University of Illinois<br />
University of Kansas<br />
University of Minnesota<br />
University of Wisconsin at<br />
Stevens Point<br />
Northwest Region<br />
British Columbia<br />
Chinook<br />
Northern Gateway<br />
Northern Lights<br />
Oregon<br />
Puget Sound<br />
Vancouver Island<br />
University of Oregon<br />
Southern Region<br />
East Carolina<br />
Georgia<br />
Greater Triad<br />
Mid-South<br />
Palmetto<br />
Piedmont<br />
Smoky Mountain<br />
Tar Heel<br />
Tennessee Valley<br />
NC A&T University<br />
Southeastern Region<br />
Alabama<br />
Central Florida<br />
Gulf Coast<br />
Intracostal<br />
Mississippi<br />
Northeast Florida<br />
Puerto Rico<br />
Southeast Florida<br />
West Florida<br />
Auburn University<br />
South Pacific<br />
Coast Region<br />
Arizona<br />
Southern Arizona<br />
Golden Gate<br />
Hawaii<br />
Inland Empire<br />
Las Vegas<br />
Los Angeles<br />
Mission<br />
Mother Lode<br />
Orange<br />
San Diego<br />
Sierra Nevada<br />
Utah<br />
University of Southern Cal.<br />
Southwestern Region<br />
Alamo<br />
Arkansas<br />
Central Oklahoma<br />
Mexico<br />
New Orleans<br />
North Texas<br />
Rio Grande<br />
Rocky Mountain<br />
San Jacinto<br />
Texas Capital<br />
West Texas<br />
Texas A&M University<br />
Texas Christian University<br />
Universidad Nacional<br />
Autonoma<br />
University of Colorado<br />
University of Houston<br />
University of Texas at Austin<br />
Italics Denote Student Chapter<br />
IES Presidents<br />
1955-1980<br />
R.F. Hartenstein 1955-1956<br />
M.N. Waterman 1956-1957<br />
K.M. Reid 1957-1958<br />
George J. Taylor 1958-1959<br />
J.B. Browder 1959-1960<br />
R.G. Slauer 1960-1961<br />
J.R. Chambers 1961-1962<br />
G.F. Dean 1962-1963<br />
J.D. Mitchell 1963-1964<br />
Charles L. Amick 1964-1965<br />
W.P. Lowell, Jr. 1965-1966<br />
C.C. Keller 1966-1967<br />
A.S. Tylor 1967-1968<br />
John J. Neidhart 1968-1969<br />
R.M. Zabel 1969-1970<br />
T. Llew Cordle 1970-1971<br />
J.W. Griffith 1971-1972<br />
Robert T. Dorsey 1972-1973<br />
G.W. Clark 1973-1974<br />
George H. Cornish 1974-1975<br />
Kurt Franck 1975-1976<br />
Carl J. Long 1976-1977<br />
David H. Patterson 1977-1978<br />
Will S. Fisher 1978-1979<br />
John E. Flynn 1979-1980<br />
Traian Vuia, Romanian inventor,<br />
builds the world’s first selfpropelled<br />
heavier-than-air aircraft.<br />
The 1906 Ford Model N,<br />
America’s most popular<br />
car, sells for $500.<br />
Supreme Court<br />
Justice William<br />
Brennan is born.<br />
Renowned architect<br />
Stanford White is killed<br />
by New York playboy<br />
Harry K. Thaw.<br />
The muffuletta<br />
(sandwich) is<br />
invented in New<br />
Orleans.<br />
Mark Twain writes<br />
What Is Man<br />
54 www.iesna.org<br />
LD+A January 2006 55
I E S : A H I S T O RY<br />
I E S : A H I S T O RY<br />
The International<br />
Illumination Design Awards<br />
program turns 33 in 2006.<br />
A look at how we got here<br />
On the Way To THE<br />
IIDA<br />
Projects are submitted; judges meet; projects advance<br />
through the Section, Region and International levels; designers<br />
are feted at the IESNA conference luncheon; and<br />
their work is featured in LD+A. It all runs like clockwork, right<br />
Today, perhaps the answer is yes. But the journey to this point has<br />
been half the fun. Here’s at glimpse at how the <strong>Society</strong>’s earlier<br />
award programs spawned the IIDA.<br />
The Lighting Competition<br />
•<br />
•<br />
The <strong>Society</strong>’s official awards competition until 1973.<br />
Projects are evaluated against each other, rather than judged<br />
on their own merits. The competition begins losing prestige<br />
and fails to attract significant project submissions.<br />
•<br />
A rival program emerges, as the New York Section of the IESNA<br />
creates the Lumen Awards in 1968. The Lumens are meant to<br />
recognize the designer, rather than the project. First-year recipients<br />
include Jules Fisher, David Mintz and Lesley Wheel.<br />
By 1971, the Lumens warrant 12 pages of coverage in LD+A.<br />
Lighting Design Awards<br />
•<br />
The Lighting Design Awards replace the Lighting Competition<br />
in 1974. The announcement is made by the IES Lighting<br />
Competition Committee in the February 1973 issue of LD+A.<br />
• The new program is not a “competition”; rather it offers the<br />
chance to celebrate a designer’s submission. In addition, owners<br />
of the installation are to receive awards, as well.<br />
•<br />
At the heart of the new program is a three-part design criteria<br />
(design, problem/solution and contribution to the lighting<br />
art) to which the nominator must relate the installation<br />
in question.<br />
•<br />
The entry form includes a daunting 25 questions related to<br />
the above three criteria. In an analysis of the new program in<br />
LD+A, June 1974, entitled, “The LDA program-some patience<br />
please,” editor Chuck Beardsley writes “much of the difficulty<br />
this year can be attributed to a failure to answer adequately<br />
the 25 criteria questions—if at all. In fact, many nominators<br />
submitted a script and disregarded the criteria entirely. This<br />
approach was acceptable under the rules of the old IES Lighting<br />
Competition but misses the point of the new program...”<br />
•<br />
The program is implemented at the Section, Region and International<br />
levels, while awards of Distinction, Excellence and<br />
Merit are given—the basic framework still in use today.<br />
•<br />
The first year of the Lighting Design Awards results in 71<br />
nominations from 26 sections; 21 submissions advance for<br />
final judging.<br />
•<br />
Designers Ralph Hopkinson and Newton Watson become the<br />
first Award of Distinction recipients for their lighting of the<br />
London Stock Exchange.<br />
IIDA<br />
•<br />
reflect the “international character of the program.”<br />
•<br />
The Lighting Design Awards are recast in 1984 as the IIDAs to<br />
The new name also removes any confusion about the magazine’s<br />
role in the prior LDA program. As Beardsley wrote in<br />
1974, “the LDA program is related to LD+A, the magazine, in<br />
name only. The magazine’s staff plays no role in judging or<br />
managing the program.”<br />
•<br />
Ultimately, the rigid criteria of the LDA nominating process<br />
are relaxed. Today, a maximum 250-word project description<br />
and 10 images are required.<br />
• Today, the IIDA program composes four parallel programs honoring<br />
indoor, outdoor, residential and energy/environmental design.<br />
• In 2005, more than 500 IIDA entries were received; 16 received<br />
international awards.<br />
IES Presidents<br />
1980-2006<br />
Donald R. Marcue 1980-1981<br />
Stephen S. Squillace 1981-1982<br />
Lewis S. Sternberg 1982-1983<br />
Howard M. Brandston 1983-1984<br />
James E. Jewell 1984-1985<br />
Rita M. Harrold 1985-1986<br />
Robert V. Day 1986-1987<br />
Richard C. LeVere 1987-1988<br />
Roger L. Knott 1988-1989<br />
Stephen L. Spier 1989-1990<br />
Donald C. Thomas 1990-1991<br />
Jerry W. White, Jr. 1991-1992<br />
Russell D. Churchill 1992-1993<br />
Joseph B. Murdoch 1993-1994<br />
Jack L. Lindsey 1994-1995<br />
Thomas M. Brownlee 1995-1996<br />
Diarmuid J. McSweeney 1996-1997<br />
David J. Geyman 1997-1998<br />
Joseph M. Good, III 1998-1999<br />
Ian Lewin 1999-2000<br />
Martyn K. Timmings 2000-2001<br />
Pamela K. Horner 2001-2002<br />
Randy Reid 2002-2003<br />
Ronnie Farrar 2003-2004<br />
Craig A. Bernecker 2004-2005<br />
Alan L. Lewis 2005-2006<br />
900 athletes from 20 countries<br />
participate in the Olympics in<br />
Athens, Greece.<br />
Britain takes the Sinai.<br />
The Chicago White Sox defeat<br />
the Chicago Cubs in the World<br />
Series.<br />
Royal Canadian<br />
Navy is formed.<br />
A cyclone named<br />
Regina tears the city of<br />
Alberta, Canada apart<br />
in three minutes.<br />
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LD+A January 2006 57
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T<br />
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T<br />
Lamp Technology<br />
Ami Argand 1782, France<br />
Invents what came to be called the “Argand<br />
Burner,” which used a circular wick to<br />
bring more oxygen to a flame, resulting in a<br />
significant increase in light output. Uses the then-new<br />
theory of combustion by oxygen proposed by Lavoisier.<br />
Adds the use of glass chimneys for lamps.<br />
ThE PIONEERS<br />
As the <strong>Society</strong> turns 100, we present<br />
91 individuals who helped shape the industry<br />
It has always been intended that a list of notable lighting personages<br />
be a part of the IESNA’s Centennial activities. However, lighting did<br />
not begin on January 10, 1906, nor has it been limited to the <strong>Society</strong><br />
since then. The founders of the <strong>Society</strong> built on the research, development<br />
and effort of those who had been there before them.<br />
An initial list of lighting notables was developed by the past presidents<br />
of the <strong>Society</strong> led by Richard LeVere. This was developed further<br />
by the History and Heritage Committee, under the leadership of<br />
Viggo Bech Rambusch, and by members of the Centennial Committee.<br />
Valuable contributions of names were made by Prof. David Di-<br />
Laura and more recent individuals were suggested by past president<br />
Pam Homer. A number of others made suggestions, extensive or brief,<br />
but always helpful.<br />
A Centennial Subcommittee, asked to present a final<br />
list, identified a total of 77 lighting notables and, based<br />
on their area of achievement, separated them into<br />
nine groups. The groups are lamp technology; luminaire<br />
development; measurement; calculation;<br />
optics/color; vision; education; application; and<br />
design. Where they could be identified, the year<br />
of each pioneer’s work and the country in which it<br />
took place are included. The subcommittee members<br />
also identified 14 industrialists responsible for<br />
founding some of the first companies in the industry.<br />
Not everyone on the following list is from North<br />
America and not everyone was a part of the llluminating<br />
<strong>Engineering</strong> <strong>Society</strong>. But each individual has,<br />
in some way, influenced what we do today in our<br />
work in light and vision and has helped us in the<br />
ways in which we bring the benefits of lighting to<br />
the user public.<br />
Robert Coble 1955, U.S.<br />
Produces highly translucent aluminum oxide (Lucalox),<br />
enabling the development of high-pressure<br />
sodium lamps, which helped transform roadway<br />
lighting.<br />
William Coolidge 1909, U.S.<br />
Develops ductile tungsten wire, which represented a<br />
radical change in incandescent lamp efficacy.<br />
Peter Cooper-Hewitt 1902, U.S.<br />
Involved in the development of low-pressure mercury<br />
discharge lamps.<br />
Thomas Edison 1879-82, U.S.<br />
The Wizard of Menlo Park invents<br />
the first practical, commercial<br />
incandescent lamp and supporting<br />
electric generation equipment<br />
to produce the first incandescent<br />
lighting system.<br />
Elmer G. Fridrich 1954, U.S.<br />
Discovers and uses the tungsten-halogen<br />
cycle within a quartz bulb to produce<br />
a new incandescent lamp. This greatly<br />
improves lumen maintenance.<br />
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LD+A January 2006 59<br />
Argand Coble Coolidge Hewitt Edison Fridrich Germer Holonyak Inman Thayer Langmuir Louden Schmidt Murdock Reiling Swan Waymouth Weisbach Yablochkov Blondel Dobras Stair Bunsen Dibdin Judd Kruss Nickerson Nutt
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T<br />
Edmund Germer 1926, Germany<br />
Gilbert Reiling 1959-64, U.S.<br />
Measurement<br />
Designs and patents the modern fluores-<br />
Develops the metal halide high-<br />
Robert Bunsen 1843, Germany<br />
Perley G. Nutting 1907, U.S.<br />
cent lamp. Proposes that the long glass dis-<br />
pressure discharge lamp.<br />
Develops the so-called “grease-<br />
Proposes using values of spectral luminous<br />
charge tubes be coated with phosphors that<br />
spot photometer” used in virtually<br />
efficiency, with the spectral power distribu-<br />
would be excited by ultraviolet radiation of a low pres-<br />
all photometry for 50 years.<br />
tion of sources, to define light in a complete<br />
sure mercury discharge.<br />
Joseph Swan 1878, England<br />
physical way. Adopted by the CIE in 1923.<br />
Invents and produces an incandescent<br />
William Dibdin 1889, England<br />
Nick Holonyak 1962, U.S.<br />
lamp using a filament made by squirt-<br />
Develops the first gonio-photometer (he<br />
Ernest Rousseau 1885, Belgium<br />
Creates the first practical light emitting<br />
ing dissolved cellulose through a die and<br />
called it a “radial photometer”) for the ex-<br />
Develops the first distribution photometer<br />
diode with a visible spectrum.<br />
forming a firm, uniform thread.<br />
tensive measurement of spatial distribu-<br />
and what is now known as the Rousseau Di-<br />
tions of light sources (gas and electric in-<br />
agram to determine the total lumen output<br />
George E. Inman & Richard N. Thayer<br />
John F. Waymouth 1960-70, U.S.<br />
candescent).<br />
of a light source from its luminous intensity<br />
1936, U.S.<br />
Pioneers the use of discharge lamps.<br />
distribution.<br />
Invent the practical fluorescent lamp.<br />
Deane Judd 1927-69, U.S.<br />
Carl Auer von Welsbach 1890, Austria<br />
While at the National Bureau of<br />
W.S. Stiles 1925-1961, England<br />
Irving Langmuir 1913, U.S.<br />
Develops the incandescent gas mantle. This great-<br />
Standards, extends the industry’s<br />
At the National Physical Labo-<br />
Instrumental in the discovery and application of gas<br />
ly improves the efficacy of gas lighting, revitalizing<br />
knowledge of vision and helps codi-<br />
ratory, studies human vision to<br />
films that led to gas-filled incandescent lamps (and<br />
that industry.<br />
fy colorimetry and photometry at national and<br />
develop standards dealing with<br />
much-improved efficacy). Wins the Nobel Prize in<br />
international levels.<br />
light and color.<br />
Chemistry in 1932.<br />
Pavel Yablochkov 1876, France<br />
Invents the first, simple, practical elec-<br />
Hugo Kruss 1898, Germany<br />
Benjamin Thomson 1794, Germany<br />
William Louden & Kurt Schmidt<br />
tric-arc lighting system (no moving parts,<br />
Develops the first gonio-photometer.<br />
Develops first systematic photometric as-<br />
1962, U.S.<br />
using alternating current). This triggers<br />
sessment of light sources and their economic<br />
Develop the high-pressure sodium<br />
wide-spread use of outdoor electric-arc lighting.<br />
Dorothy Nickerson U.S.<br />
evaluation based on light output.<br />
lamp.<br />
A color technologist with the<br />
U.S. Department of Agriculture,<br />
Jules Gabriel Violle 1884, France<br />
William Murdock 1798, England<br />
creates color system known as<br />
Proposes an “absolute standard of light”—a<br />
Creates the first practical gas lighting sys-<br />
the Nickerson Color Fan. The<br />
fixed luminous area of platinum at its melt-<br />
tem using the distillation of gas from coal<br />
“fan” came in the form of a small booklet that<br />
ing point. Eventually adopted in 1948 for the<br />
and piping the result to burners.<br />
fanned out to display 262 color samples coded<br />
SI unit of luminous intensity.<br />
to numbers in the Munsell color system.<br />
Luminaire Development<br />
Andre Blondel 1897, France<br />
Designs and patents the prismatic globe for controlling light,<br />
greatly increasing the area from which it appears to be emitted.<br />
The result: lower source luminance without a loss in efficiency.<br />
Quenton Dobras U.S.<br />
Develops the parabolic wedge louver including small-cell (1/2 by<br />
1/2 by 1/2 in.) plastic prototypes for the lighting fixture industry.<br />
J.L. Stair 1920-36, U.S.<br />
Authors influential articles<br />
on topics ranging from equipment<br />
maintenance to louvered<br />
lighting in IES Transactions.<br />
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LD+A January 2006 61
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T<br />
Calculations<br />
David DiLaura 1981, U.S.<br />
Advances procedures for point-by-point calculations. Develops lighting<br />
software for hand-held programmable calculators and then personal<br />
computers.<br />
Optics/Color<br />
Augustine Fresnel 1823, France<br />
Invents what’s now known as the<br />
Fresnel lens. It’s used ubiquitously<br />
in lighting equipment.<br />
Albert H. Munsell 1905, U.S.<br />
Develops a practical, widely used<br />
system of color notation and specification.<br />
Ward Harrison 1920, U.S.<br />
Develops a system of empirical coefficients of utilization and a method<br />
for their use in lighting design.<br />
J. Roy Jones & John Neidhardt 1951, U.S.<br />
Develop the “zonal system” for specifying luminaire distributions to determine<br />
their coefficients of utilization.<br />
Bill F. Jones 1959, U.S.<br />
Proposes the system of “cavities” to describe a room for lighting calculations.<br />
It becomes the “zonal cavity” system adopted by the IES.<br />
Merle Keck 1980s-90s, U.S.<br />
Develops a computer program that addresses visibility in roadway<br />
lighting design.<br />
Johann H. Lambert 1760, Germany<br />
Writes the first complete system of illuminating engineering concepts<br />
and calculations.<br />
Philip O’Brien 1955-60, U.S.<br />
Develops modern radiative transfer techniques in lighting calculations<br />
(the earliest applications of analog and digital computers to the<br />
computations of factors required to calculate CUs for luminaires). These<br />
are incorporated in the “zonal cavity” system adopted by the IES.<br />
Wentworth Potter 1940s, U.S.<br />
Does early work on room coefficients of utilization. Sets up full-scale<br />
rooms to measure CUs. During World War II, develops a signaling mirror<br />
(with the cross in the middle) so that soldiers on the ground could aim the<br />
reflected sunlight accurately toward aircraft.<br />
David MacAdam U.S.<br />
Develops system for differentiation of colors<br />
known as “MacAdam Ellipses,” which when<br />
G.H. Stickney 1910, U.S.<br />
Authors paper entitled “Color Values of Light<br />
from Electric Lamps” in IES Transactions.<br />
applied to the CIE Chromaticity Diagram describes<br />
minimum differences required for colors<br />
to be differentiated.<br />
Gunter Wyszecki 1950s-82,<br />
Canada<br />
As a researcher at the National<br />
Robert McPhail 1950s, U.S.<br />
Research Council, influential<br />
Invents the conical light controlling prism for<br />
use with fluorescent lamps—a design which has<br />
been widely copied and imitated in commercial<br />
lighting equipment.<br />
contributor to color science, particularly<br />
through two books on colorimetry and photometry<br />
co-authored with Deane Judd and<br />
W.S. Stiles.<br />
Vision (related directly to lighting)<br />
Willard Allphin U.S.<br />
and disability glare research, instrumentation and<br />
Authors Primer of Lamps and Lighting.<br />
computation.<br />
H. Richard Blackwell 1946-59, U.S.<br />
Sylvester K. Guth 1948-63, U.S.<br />
Conducts experiments relating standard task<br />
Develops methods for evaluating discomfort<br />
contrast and luminance to detection performance.<br />
glare.<br />
The work extends to realistic tasks and development<br />
of a system for specifying illuminance criteria.<br />
System adopted by the IES in 1958.<br />
L.L. Holladay 1920s, U.S.<br />
Develops glare formulae. His early experiments<br />
Gertrude R. Ferree 1920s, U.S.<br />
on discomfort glare stand for decades and prove to<br />
A doctor of psychology, she studies how lighting have practical application to typical lighting situations.<br />
affects how people see color. Later works on lighting<br />
design of the Holland Tunnel.<br />
Arthur Konig 1891<br />
Glenn Fry 1950-60, U.S.<br />
Does large-scale measurement of spectral response<br />
Helps establish the scientific foundations<br />
of human vision at high and low light lev-<br />
of optometry and vision-related<br />
els. Determines the relative brightness of different<br />
matters related directly to lighting. wavelengths. Data is used by Perley Nutting in the<br />
Areas of expertise include discomfort first analytic determination of the lumen.<br />
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LD+A January 2006 63
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T<br />
Samuel P. Langley 1888, U.S.<br />
credited with 11 U.S. patents and writes 28 books<br />
First to systematically measure relative spectral and 860 technical articles.<br />
response of human vision and show that different<br />
wavelengths had different visual power.<br />
Hurbert Claude Weston 1926-45, England<br />
Conducts extensive, realistic experiments to determine<br />
visual speed and accuracy of visual per-<br />
Matthew Luckiesh 1911-48, U.S.<br />
Referred to as the “Father of the formance as functions of task size, contrast and<br />
Science of Seeing,” he is involved luminance. Develops first systematic model for visual<br />
performance.<br />
with vision, optics, measurements,<br />
light sources and virtually every<br />
aspect of lighting applications. Is<br />
Education<br />
Application<br />
Louis Bell 1902, U.S.<br />
James R. Cravath 1906-10, U.S.<br />
Produces first widely used general textbook on lighting, The Art of His writings on residence lighting, illuminating<br />
engineering in small cities,<br />
Illumination. Also a founding member of the IES.<br />
fixture design and store lighting, among<br />
H.H. Higbie 1920s-30s U.S.<br />
other topics, appear frequently on the<br />
Authors papers in IES Transactions on illumination of reading rooms pages of IES Transactions.<br />
(libraries) and how glass affects daylighting.<br />
Warren Edman 1960s, U.S.<br />
Parry Moon & Domina E. Spencer<br />
Develops theory and practice of highmast<br />
lighting systems for roadway inter-<br />
1930s-40s, U.S.<br />
At MIT, they study lighting in empty rooms. Create the change lighting. Extends this concept to<br />
first photorealistic images using radiosity methods.<br />
other large nighttime work areas.<br />
Spencer<br />
C.E. Knox 1907, U.S.<br />
George W. Patterson 1896, U.S.<br />
Participates in what might have<br />
Translates from the French and augments the first widely used textbook<br />
on photometry, A Treatise on Industrial Photometry. The book is lighting project”—the <strong>Engineering</strong> So-<br />
constituted the first “major electric<br />
used in many early electrical engineering departments in the U.S.<br />
cieties Building in New York City, the<br />
one-time offices of the IES.<br />
Russell C. Putnam 1950s, U.S.<br />
Head of the <strong>Illuminating</strong> <strong>Engineering</strong> program at Case Mary Weber U.S.<br />
Institute of Technology (now Case Western Reserve University).<br />
Develops classroom and other educational facili-<br />
helps establish practical criteria for<br />
A residential lighting pioneer, she<br />
ties lighting, for example full-scale mock-ups where students could try portable lamp shade dimensions and<br />
out lighting ideas.<br />
light transmissions.<br />
Everett Strong 1940s, U.S.<br />
Furthers electrical engineering education while at Cornell University.<br />
Design<br />
John Flynn & Sam Mills 1970s, U.S.<br />
Authors of Architectural Lighting<br />
Graphics, a pioneering reference for<br />
the design of lighting elements such<br />
Flynn<br />
as coves, spot lighting and luminaire<br />
The Industrialists<br />
Those who formed pioneering lighting companies.<br />
Founders<br />
Company<br />
Bernhard & Moses Blitzer Lightolier<br />
A.D. Curtis<br />
Curtis Lighting<br />
Thomas Edison<br />
General Electric<br />
Edwin F. Guth<br />
St. Louis Brass Co.<br />
(renamed Edwin F.<br />
Guth Co.)<br />
Harvey Hubbell<br />
Hubbell Lighting<br />
Samuel B. Herst<br />
Peerless Lighting<br />
placement. Flynn and a team of researchers also<br />
publish an influential series of papers on the psychological<br />
effects of lighting.<br />
Samuel G. Hibben U.S.<br />
Designs early special electric lighting effects for<br />
monuments such as the Statue of Liberty and the<br />
Golden Gate Bridge. Works on solutions to military<br />
lighting problems and experiments with lights responding<br />
to a whole spectrum of needs, from underwater<br />
explorations to artificial plant growth.<br />
Thomas Jefferson 1780s-early 1800s, U.S.<br />
Employs daylighting techniques in the<br />
design of the Virginia Capitol and the University<br />
of Virginia.<br />
Richard Kelly 1930s, U.S.<br />
Helps found the lighting design profession by starting<br />
his own practice before entering college. Projects include<br />
the Kimball Museum of Fine Arts, the Yale Center at British<br />
Art and Studies and the Seagram Building.<br />
Stanley McCandless 1930s, U.S.<br />
In his book, A Method of Lighting the Stage, the<br />
Yale professor articulates what’s now known as the<br />
four-point McCandless Technique.<br />
Robert W. McKinley 1947, U.S<br />
Serves as editor of the first IES Handbook. Also, a leading<br />
expert in the use of passive solar energy and internationally<br />
recognized authority on glass and glazing.<br />
W. D’Arcy Ryan early 1900s, U.S.<br />
Considered the greatest practitioner of<br />
outdoor lighting of the age. He lights Niagara<br />
Falls in 1907 and designs and installs the<br />
lighting for the entire Pan Pacific International<br />
Exhibition of 1915 in San Francisco and the Century<br />
of Progress Exposition at Chicago in 1933. Believed<br />
to be the first person in the U.S. to hold the title “illuminating<br />
engineer.”<br />
John Waldram 1953, England<br />
Authors the groundbreaking paper “Studies in Interior<br />
Lighting.”<br />
Anton & John Kliegl Kliegl Brothers<br />
Lighting<br />
John W. Lieb<br />
Electrical Testing<br />
Laboratories<br />
Otis Mygatt<br />
Holophane Company<br />
Edison Price<br />
Edison Price Lighting<br />
Frode C.V. Rambusch Rambusch<br />
Decorating Company<br />
F.W. Wakefield<br />
Wakefield Lighting<br />
64 www.iesna.org<br />
LD+A January 2006 65
I M A G I N I N G T H E F U T U R E<br />
What They’d Like<br />
to Light<br />
A group of lighting<br />
designers describe<br />
their ‘dream projects’<br />
“In your wildest dreams, if you had the chance to<br />
light one thing, what would it be” LD+A recently<br />
put that tantalizing question to 10 lighting designers.<br />
Their responses ranged from the ultra-specific (“a<br />
herd of bison in Yellowstone Park”) to the broadly abstract<br />
(“nature”), while one designer dreams simply of seeing<br />
one of her existing designs actually implemented.<br />
LD+A January 2006 67
I M A G I N I N G T H E F U T U R E<br />
Paul Deeb, Vox Arts<br />
I would choose something very large and abandoned,<br />
or very large and industrial (and not too new<br />
or clean). Potential candidates would be abandoned<br />
strip mines, electric power plants, refineries and<br />
factories. Something that looks like the inside of a<br />
1950s’ TV set on a massive scale. Lighting is an inherently<br />
abstract art. As designers using this medium,<br />
our more imaginative moments tend to exist<br />
in a largely ephemeral context or fall within the<br />
penumbra of architecture’s solar grandeur. It would<br />
be a visceral and exciting challenge to ring beauty<br />
from the bell of industrial blight, and perhaps for a<br />
moment escape the gravitational pull of our architectural<br />
sun.<br />
Rodrigo Manriquez,<br />
The SmithGroup<br />
I would capture the effect of waves crashing into<br />
the sand at dusk. A programmable lighting system<br />
would up-light the surf as it approaches the shore,<br />
slightly increasing in intensity and hue. I would<br />
accent the foam at the surface with flashing white<br />
light to achieve a similar effect of the cloud cover<br />
during a lightning storm. While emphasizing the<br />
instant when the waves impact the ocean floor, the<br />
result would orchestrate a big bang of brightness.<br />
Larry Wilson, Rink<br />
Design Partnership, Inc.<br />
The slowly roaming herds of<br />
dark mahogany bison, sometimes<br />
50 strong, in Yellowstone<br />
National Park. In the fresh December<br />
snow, I would illuminate<br />
the herd at the fading golden<br />
light of dusk. I would softly graze<br />
the herd in warm amber light,<br />
while tracking several magnificent<br />
specimens with follow spots<br />
as they move across the horizon.<br />
The light would be low, almost<br />
perpendicular, to the ground creating<br />
long abstract shadows mysteriously<br />
glistening in the fresh<br />
snow. As night falls, my dimming<br />
light would create a surrealistic<br />
scene of prehistoric forms disappearing,<br />
one by one, into the<br />
purple blue night.<br />
Channing P. Lillo, RSA <strong>Engineering</strong><br />
I would like to design a large exterior aurora borealis<br />
display in a winter theme park. The aurora<br />
borealis, in my opinion, is the most spectacular<br />
lighting display and natural wonder that we have,<br />
and to try and duplicate its random, almost hypnotic,<br />
shifting patterns and colors would be an incredible<br />
challenge.<br />
Pamela Hull Wilson,<br />
PHW Architectural<br />
Lighting Design<br />
I would produce a glowing<br />
fleet of internally lighted blimps,<br />
which would bring enjoyment to<br />
the crowds below.<br />
68 www.iesna.org
I M A G I N I N G T H E F U T U R E<br />
David Orgish, Peters &<br />
Myer, Lighting Studio of<br />
O’Mahony & Myer<br />
It is a totally imaginary project,<br />
a library, a community center, or<br />
just a plain white box. It is always,<br />
though, one in which lighting<br />
is the quintessential perceptual<br />
experience. No distractions, just<br />
form, space and light. It is within<br />
the context of this “dream project”<br />
that I put Flynn’s work about<br />
subjective impressions to the<br />
test. I paint Kelly’s layers of light<br />
across surfaces in different ways<br />
to affect perception and Turrell’s<br />
colors provide depth/emotion.<br />
Derek Porter, Derek<br />
Porter Studio/Director,<br />
MFA Lighting Program,<br />
Parsons The New School<br />
for Design<br />
I would choose to light a beautiful<br />
“circumstance.” To light “one<br />
thing” emphasizes the illuminated<br />
subject (thing) as being the primary<br />
consideration in measuring<br />
an exceptional design, thus limiting<br />
opportunity. As an alternative,<br />
“circumstance” directs focus<br />
to subtle relationships between<br />
time and place that influence an<br />
experience. This opportunity exists<br />
everywhere, regardless of subject<br />
specificity. Shifting our value<br />
systems from the socially desired<br />
grand monument to more modest<br />
and tangible nuances of our daily<br />
activities will allow opportunity<br />
for long lasting impressions that<br />
dreams could never fulfill.<br />
Giulio Pedota, Schuler Shook<br />
It is in the presence of nature’s beauty we are reminded<br />
that we are humans belonging to a much<br />
bigger world. Therefore, in my wildest dreams, I<br />
would light nature by recreating the sun’s effect,<br />
well into the night. I would light all the mountains<br />
as Cape Town’s Table Mountain is illuminated at<br />
night—except with different colors, mimicking the<br />
sunset and the moon. I would light all the trees and<br />
flowers on every street; I would even illuminate the<br />
sea. All nature, illuminated without pretense, with<br />
dignity, prolonging its diurnal beauty into the night<br />
to become all visible when we turn off the lights.<br />
Daniel E. Edenbaum,<br />
Drago Illumination<br />
I have always wanted to do the lighting for a rock<br />
concert. Ever since my high school and college<br />
days in theatrical lighting, when I listen to music<br />
I will sometimes imagine lighting patterns and effects,<br />
usually in a stage concert setting. I use my<br />
mind’s eye and interpret the music into light. I got<br />
a taste of this once when I had an opportunity to<br />
design a special show for the Benjamin Franklin<br />
Bridge’s 75th Anniversary. To light a rock concert,<br />
especially for one of my favorite bands, would definitely<br />
be a dream come true.<br />
Julie Panassow,<br />
The Lighting Practice, Inc.<br />
I would like to see the installation of a lighting<br />
design we created for an urban renewal project<br />
along Baltimore Avenue in West Philadelphia. We<br />
created a master plan and guidelines for lighting<br />
improvements at various levels for this commercial<br />
and residential corridor. The design ideas include<br />
integrating lighting in landscape elements,<br />
adding lighting for landmarks and art installations,<br />
changing out misapplied store front lighting<br />
and adding pedestrian lighting.<br />
LD+A January 2006 69
I M A G I N I N G T H E F U T U R E<br />
We asked an eclectic mix of<br />
lighting professionals to fill<br />
in the blank of the following<br />
statement: ‘If I were lighting<br />
czar for a day, the one thing I<br />
would change is_____’<br />
King (or Queen)<br />
for a Day<br />
Power corrupts. Absolute power<br />
corrupts absolutely—except in this<br />
case. With a wave of our magic<br />
wand, LD+A has bestowed omnipotence<br />
on 12 lighting professionals from the design,<br />
manufacturing and academic communities<br />
and asked them to change just one<br />
thing in the lighting industry. Here’s what<br />
our “lighting czars” would decree.<br />
LD+A January 2006 73
I M A G I N I N G T H E F U T U R E<br />
Mark Roush<br />
I would have all footcandle meters destroyed, and<br />
ban and consequently erase all references of watts<br />
from all texts, papers, software and written pages<br />
referencing lighting. Rather I would substitute poetic<br />
references to seeing, observation, and enhancing<br />
beauty through visual stimulation, hierarchy and<br />
focus. Hopefully my one-day effort would eliminate<br />
the crutches used by the lighting-challenged and<br />
begin a new effort toward the elimination of mediocrity<br />
and the promulgation of extraordinary lighting<br />
throughout the land.<br />
Paulette Hebert,<br />
University of Louisiana at Lafayette<br />
I would arrange for lighting education for all “doit-yourselfers.”<br />
They would be required to enroll in<br />
a free lighting workshop before purchasing any exterior<br />
lighting fixtures. Home improvement stores<br />
would be required to periodically host these lighting<br />
seminars. Qualified lighting professionals and<br />
educators would be the paid instructors. Consumers<br />
and retail outlets currently have limited information<br />
but an increased availability of fixtures with high<br />
lumen packages and high levels of energy consumption.<br />
HGTV aggressively promotes home renovations<br />
by consumers. The lighting workshop would cover<br />
sustainability, security, safety, aesthetic, biological<br />
and light pollution concerns.<br />
Ted Mather,<br />
Ted Mather Lighting Design<br />
That’s easy. Make fixture costs available on line.<br />
They can be “list price” or something, but I think<br />
it’s a total pain to have to call a rep every time I’m<br />
considering a fixture for a project. I can get a price<br />
for a computer, a car, or cat food on line, but not the<br />
gear I spec on a job!<br />
Kevin W. Houser,<br />
University of Nebraska-Lincoln<br />
I would change the early stages of the architectural<br />
design process. The lighting designer is seldom<br />
included at a project’s inception, when a building<br />
exists as only an adaptable collection of ideas. The<br />
inevitable result is that, later in the process, lighting<br />
is reduced to an applied technology; it is considered<br />
as a product. Great lighting is a result of inspired<br />
collaborations where light itself is conceived as a<br />
primary element.<br />
Bill Brown, Bill Brown Sales/A.L.P.<br />
Lighting Components<br />
As a component supplier to lighting OEMs, I would<br />
mandate that fixture manufacturers do a better job<br />
of educating their employees and the community<br />
about lighting. Lighting influences the way we perceive<br />
our world. It is a tremendously powerful, dynamic<br />
medium, with rapidly changing technology<br />
and benefits of which the general public remains<br />
largely unaware. Just as the acoustical industry has<br />
sold “sound conditioning” and the HVAC industry<br />
has sold “air conditioning,” we need to educate the<br />
public about “light conditioning.”<br />
Wanda J. Barchard, Burt Hill<br />
I would outlaw substitutions. This might knock<br />
some understanding of the “design intent” into the<br />
other team on the end of the “tug-of-war rope” who<br />
we struggle with every day. No one will admit prime<br />
responsibility for substituting the specification, but<br />
we know it’s the electrical distributor, electrician or<br />
the general contractor. We work long and hard to coordinate<br />
the design and educate the owner as to what<br />
they can expect, but that wily individual whispers in<br />
their ear, “save that first cost,” and if the owner had<br />
bought in to the initial design, he ends up dissatisfied<br />
with the end results, and we get the blame!<br />
74 www.iesna.org
I M A G I N I N G T H E F U T U R E<br />
Paul Gregory, Focus Lighting, Inc.<br />
I would require all students working towards a<br />
degree in Architecture or Interior Design to take<br />
five courses in lighting. The truth is, “All you see is<br />
reflected light.” You do not see the columns, the steel<br />
or the leather; you only see the light that bounces<br />
off it into your eye. Architects and interior designers<br />
need a basic understanding and appreciation of light<br />
as a major design element. They need to understand<br />
that light is as important of a design tool as the finishes<br />
the interior designer chooses or the structure<br />
and volume the architect designs.<br />
David D. Rodstein, Rodstein Design<br />
I would stop people from making hasty, myopic<br />
decisions. One cannot see cause and effect since<br />
consequences occur over a long time period. Quick<br />
fixes that compound previous mistakes would be<br />
stopped when a total redesign is necessary. Today’s<br />
problems often result from yesterday’s solutions.<br />
Consider these lighting analogies: Only increasing<br />
lamp wattages to increase light levels results in energy<br />
costs and visual discomfort levels going up; triphosphor<br />
lamps dramatically improve color at the<br />
expense of iridescent reflectors.<br />
Naomi Miller,<br />
Naomi Miller Lighting Design<br />
I would change the structure of the industry so<br />
that there were fewer layers of companies between<br />
the specifier, the contractor, the representative, the<br />
distributor and the end user. I’d then get rid of the<br />
“packaging” games that jack up prices of specified<br />
products by having realistic prices for lighting and<br />
controls products posted on websites. That way, the<br />
end-user, specifier and contractor could check that<br />
they were receiving fair prices.<br />
Fred Oberkircher,<br />
Texas Christian University<br />
I would change the scale of our vision. Our ability<br />
to significantly improve our world has been lost in<br />
the commodity market. We think too small! Think<br />
“light” not “lighting.” Because of my “powers,” I<br />
would assemble the CEOs representing the industry—the<br />
entire industry from lamps to bio-luminescence,<br />
from solid state to light art, freed from their<br />
corporate constraints to delve into the power that<br />
light has on our lives. And then act on that power.<br />
Mark Corcoran, OSRAM SYLVANIA<br />
I would require that the items on the following “To<br />
Do” list be completed:<br />
1. Educate all consumers on sustainability issues<br />
resulting in a huge surge in sales for energy saving<br />
and environmentally responsible products.<br />
2. Command that all transactions between B2B<br />
partners be conducted via electronic transactions to<br />
maximize speed, productivity and accuracy.<br />
3. Teach all parties within the lighting industry to<br />
speak the same technical language and utilize a set<br />
of standard procedures for all transactions.<br />
4. Design a line of merchandising racks that are<br />
always fully stocked and never need cleaning.<br />
5. Develop an integrated advertising campaign that<br />
is customized for every customer and has measurable<br />
results.<br />
Sam Gumins, Luxo<br />
I would abolish daylight. Forget Far East imports;<br />
imagine how much more profitable we lighting companies<br />
would be if not for the direct competition of<br />
the sun. We’d sell at least twice as many fixtures,<br />
exponentially more lamps. We’d get prime exhibit<br />
space at LIGHTFAIR (no more Daylighting Pavilion).<br />
Our lighting calculations would be infinitely<br />
easier. It may sound outlandish, but as a Scandinavian<br />
company, we’ve learned firsthand that for many<br />
months of the year, daylight is over-rated, even unnecessary.<br />
(If I could change one other thing, I would remove<br />
the letter “c” from czar. It’s frankly confusing.)<br />
LD+A January 2006 75
N February 5-8: EPRI Lighting<br />
Research Office’s 6th International<br />
Lighting Research<br />
Symposium: Light and Color,<br />
will be held at Grosvenor<br />
Resort, Orlando, FL. Contact:<br />
For more information go to<br />
www.lightingresearchoffice.<br />
org and to register via email,<br />
send information to meeting<br />
@epri.com<br />
N February 22-24: Designed<br />
for newcomers to the lighting<br />
industry, GE’s Fundamentals<br />
of Commercial and Industrial<br />
Lighting conference provides<br />
basic product and application<br />
training for commercial<br />
and industrial lighting. Topics<br />
include: lighting terminology;<br />
lighting measurements and<br />
color; an overview of major<br />
light source families and systems;<br />
and application modules<br />
for retail, office, industrial<br />
and outdoor lighting. Contact:<br />
Call 1-800-255-1200 or visit<br />
www.gelighting.com/na/business_lighting/education_resources/conferences/<br />
N March 13-15: Intertech’s<br />
fourth annual Phosphor Global<br />
Summit will return to the<br />
Hilton San Diego Resort, San<br />
Diego, CA. In addition to the<br />
speaker program of more than<br />
20 industry innovators, there<br />
will be two pre-conference<br />
seminars. Contact: Stephanie<br />
Edwards, conference director,<br />
Tel: 207-781-9605 or visit<br />
www.intertechusa.com/<br />
phosphors.html<br />
N March 16-17: GE’s healthcare<br />
lighting conference is<br />
designed for facility managers,<br />
maintenance supervisors<br />
and other professionals who<br />
are involved in specifying or<br />
maintaining lighting systems<br />
in a healthcare setting. The<br />
content features energy and<br />
maintenance cost reduction<br />
strategies and the identification<br />
of high-quality lighting<br />
criteria for public spaces, patient<br />
rooms and more specialized<br />
medical treatment areas.<br />
Topics include: new developments<br />
in lighting systems<br />
and controls; outdoor lighting<br />
for safety and security; and<br />
energy legislation and lamp<br />
disposal updates. Contact:<br />
Call 1-800-255-1200 or visit<br />
www.gelighting.com/na/<br />
business_lighting/education_<br />
resources/conferences/<br />
N March 29-30: GE’s retrofits<br />
and other energy saving strategies<br />
conference is designed<br />
to provide and compare solutions<br />
for a variety of lighting<br />
retrofit projects. Through lecture<br />
and hands-on workshops,<br />
this seminar will focus on the<br />
evaluation of simple lamp<br />
retrofits, lamp and ballast substitutions,<br />
luminaries retrofit<br />
kits and energy-saving system<br />
add-on devices. Contact: Call<br />
1-800-255-1200 or visit www.<br />
gelighting.com/na/business_<br />
lighting/education_resources/<br />
conferences/<br />
N April 19-21: GE’s Fundamentals<br />
of Commercial and<br />
Industrial Lighting conference<br />
provides basic product<br />
and application training for<br />
commercial and industrial<br />
lighting. See (February 22-24)<br />
description.<br />
N April 26-27: Directed<br />
toward hotel owners and<br />
operators, GE’s hospitality<br />
lighting conference discusses<br />
lighting design and room<br />
air-conditioning strategies<br />
with a special emphasis on<br />
meeting the key needs of<br />
guest comfort and financial<br />
performance through energy<br />
reduction strategies. Sessions<br />
include: industry trends,<br />
outdoor lighting for safety<br />
and security, national energy<br />
rebates and tax incentives,<br />
and lighting solutions for<br />
guest rooms, meeting rooms<br />
and common areas. Contact:<br />
Call 1-800-255-1200 or visit<br />
www.gelighting.com/na/business_lighting/education_resources/conferences/<br />
N May 2-3: GE’s retail lighting<br />
conference is geared towards<br />
professionals who specify<br />
retail lighting or supervise the<br />
maintenance of lighting in department,<br />
grocery, specialty<br />
or mass merchandise stores<br />
comprise the target audience<br />
for this conference. With<br />
presentations in full-scale<br />
retail settings and interactive<br />
sessions, participants experience<br />
effective demonstrations<br />
of state of the art lighting<br />
alternatives and learn about<br />
lighting solutions for their<br />
own applications. Contact:<br />
Call 1-800-255-1200 or visit<br />
www.gelighting.com/na/<br />
business_lighting/education_<br />
resources/conferences/<br />
N June 8-9: GE’s conference<br />
for residential contractors is<br />
open to all trade area partners<br />
for the homebuilder industry,<br />
specifically residential<br />
contractors and electricians.<br />
Product updates for high<br />
quality and energy-efficient<br />
lighting, electrical distribution,<br />
structured wiring, security<br />
systems and more will<br />
be presented. Contact: Call<br />
1- 800-255-1200 or visit www.<br />
gelighting.com/na/business_<br />
lighting/education_resources/<br />
conferences/<br />
N June 26-27: GE’s healthcare<br />
lighting conference is<br />
designed for facility managers,<br />
maintenance supervisors<br />
and other professionals who<br />
are involved in specifying or<br />
maintaining lighting systems<br />
in a healthcare setting. See<br />
(March 16-17) description.<br />
N June 28-30: GE’s Fundamentals<br />
of Commercial and<br />
Industrial Lighting conference<br />
provides basic product<br />
and application training for<br />
commercial and industrial<br />
lighting. See (February 22-24)<br />
description.<br />
Events KEY<br />
N = tradeshows & conferences<br />
ß= educational opportunities<br />
For all Industry Events visit<br />
www.iesna.org<br />
Future<br />
Events<br />
Email:<br />
jmkobes@iesna.org<br />
EVENTS<br />
LD+A January 2006 81
NEW MEMBERS<br />
Membership Committee Chair Paul Mercier announced the IESNA gained two Sustaining Members and<br />
91 members (M), associated and student members in November.<br />
Sustaining Members<br />
Mulvey + Banani Lighting, Toronto, ON Canada<br />
Ruud Lighting Canada Corp., Mississauga, ON Canada<br />
Canadian Region<br />
Steriana M. Bradi, Canlyte, Inc., Etobicoke, ON<br />
Campbell Corbet, Mulvey + Banani Lighting, Toronto, ON<br />
Michel Y. Gendron (M), Dessau-Soprin, Longueuil, QC<br />
Mehdi Laieb, Ombrages - les Consultants FBG, Inc.,<br />
Quebec, QC<br />
Guy Lavallee, Cyclone Lighting, St. Jerome, QC<br />
Pasquale Metallo, LAPAS Consulting Engineers Ltd.,<br />
Toronto, ON<br />
Luis E. Rocha, Lightstudio, Inc., Burlington, ON<br />
Chris T. Scott, Osram Sylvania Ltd., Mississauga, ON<br />
Carleton University<br />
Janrs Hayes, Ryan McLennan, Philam Nguyen, Grant Olkawa<br />
East Central Region<br />
Peter Abdollahi (M), Renaissance Lighting, Inc.,<br />
Herndon, VA<br />
Philip M. Garvey, Pennsylvania State University,<br />
University Park, PA<br />
Matt S. Greiner (M), ConEdison Solutions, Arlington, VA<br />
Richard J. Hood, EBL Engineers, LLC, Baltimore, MD<br />
Brian F. Malloy, McHugh <strong>Engineering</strong> Associates, Inc.,<br />
Fort Washington, PA<br />
Thomas Myers (M), Lutron, Coopersburg, PA<br />
Glenn P. Tilley, Holophane Company, Dover, PA<br />
Douglass R. Werner, STV, Inc., Douglassville, PA<br />
Randall K. Wright, United States Sign Council, Bristol, PA<br />
The Pennsylvania State University<br />
Yena K. Han<br />
Great Lakes Region<br />
Kerry J. Freeborn, Lighting Sales, Inc, Beachwood, OH<br />
Donald M. Guize (M), Integrated Building Concepts,<br />
P.C., Buffalo, NY<br />
Matt K. Minard (M), Lighting Sales, Inc., Beachwood, OH<br />
Bruce R. Roberts (M), Mentor on the Lake, OH<br />
Benjamin A. Rosenkrans, Philips Lighting, Bath, NY<br />
Terri A. Thornton (M), Paramount Industries, Inc.,<br />
Croswell, MI<br />
South Pacific Coast Region<br />
Gary L. Ambach (M), Hawaiian Electric Company,<br />
Honolulu, HI<br />
Joe R. Arechavaleta (M), Gentec Inc., Phoenix, AZ<br />
Meggan A. Kessler (M), Holophane, Elk Grove, CA<br />
Alicia N. McLaughlin, Lighting Association of San<br />
Diego, San Diego, CA<br />
Dean Umberger (M), City of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ<br />
Midwest Region<br />
Maria A. D. Azevedo, USG Corporation, Libertyville, IL<br />
Robert J. Jeffers (M), GRG Inc., Milwaukee, WI<br />
Jon Limbacher (M), Enterprise Lighting, McFarland, WI<br />
Jennifer L. McVey, Lenexa, KS<br />
Fred Stohl (M), Holophane, Sun Prairie, WI<br />
Richard W. Ward (M), Czarnecki <strong>Engineering</strong>, Inc.,<br />
Pewaukee, WI<br />
Milwaukee Area Technical College<br />
Anna K. Krajcik<br />
Ranken Technical College<br />
Kevin E. Dossett, Aaron T. Ecknnrdt, Rudy R. Foiles,<br />
Christopher A. Greeling, Zach W. Hufnagel, Jason<br />
W. Lake, Ryan J. Meuth, Greg S. Miller, Miles Z.<br />
Montague, Greg J. Ostrenga, Michael P. Schlautman,<br />
Gerald Squalls, John G. Thyer, Tim D. Tibbetts, Daniel<br />
R. Veile, Scott M. Ventimiglia, Mike Whited , Jacob<br />
D. Wieneke<br />
Southern Illinois University<br />
Nicole l. Wynkoop<br />
Unviersity of Wisconsin-Milwaukee<br />
Joshua A. Bazett-Jones<br />
Southeastern Region<br />
Cassandra M. Faulkner, The University of Alabama,<br />
Tuscaloosa, AL<br />
Robert R. Greenland (M), Wilger Testing Company,<br />
Inc., Sarasota, FL<br />
Frank J. Lilly (M), Lutron Electronics Co., Inc., Saint<br />
Cloud, FL<br />
Ken Zambito (M), Orlando Utilities Commission,<br />
Orlando, FL<br />
Northeastern Region<br />
James Aitken (M), Invisible Circus LLC, Brooklyn, NY<br />
Joel M. Baker (M), Progressive <strong>Engineering</strong>, Inc., East<br />
Hartford, CT<br />
Nancy Lok (M), Domingo Gonzalez Associates, New<br />
York, NY<br />
Paul K. O’Donnell (M), Genlyte Sales, Fall River, MA<br />
Leo F. Smith, Citizens For Conservation of Light and<br />
Energy, Suffield, CT<br />
Karl Thorndike (M), Foremost Mfg. Co., Inc., Uniion, NJ<br />
Northwest Region<br />
Ginette D. Chin (M), HNTB, Bellevue, WA<br />
Jason P. DeCunzo (M), De Cunzo Design Associates,<br />
Missoula, MT<br />
Mike Goulding (M), PDC, Inc., Fairbanks, AK<br />
Yvon Pelletier, Prolux Lighting, Calgary, AB<br />
Jay Riel, Ritenburg & Associates, Saskatoon, SK<br />
Art Institute of Seattle<br />
Pamella J. Kniaz<br />
Southwestern Region<br />
Rexanne Harless (M), Rexanne Harless Lighting<br />
Design and Consulting, Dallas, TX<br />
Philip L. Inderwiesen, Needville, TX<br />
Mary J Justus (A), Alison & Company,Carrollton,TX<br />
Jerry M. Lopez (M), URS Corp., Denver, CO<br />
Texas Christian University<br />
Ericka Bailey, Meghan Jacobowsk<br />
Southern Region<br />
David E. Canup (M), Canup <strong>Engineering</strong>, Inc.,<br />
Memphis, TN<br />
Cindy L. Daniels, Triangle <strong>Engineering</strong> Associates, Cary, NC<br />
Esma B. Dengiz, Savannah College of Art and Design,<br />
Savannah, GA<br />
Chad B. Lackey, Greensboro <strong>Engineering</strong>, Greensboro, NC<br />
Julia C. Neville, Newcomb & Boyd Lighting Design<br />
Group, Atlanta, GA<br />
International<br />
Laura Bellia (M), DETEC, Universita degli Studi di<br />
Napoli, Napoli, Italy<br />
Yeh Chia-Ming, CWI Lighting Design, Inc., Taipei, Taiwan<br />
Steven Tanyoto A.S. (M), PT Karsasahabat Inkatama,<br />
Jakarta, Indonesia<br />
Rogier van der Heide (M), Arup Lighting, Amsterdam,<br />
Netherlands<br />
82 www.iesna.org
SUSTAINING MEMBERS<br />
The following companies have elected to support the <strong>Society</strong> as Sustaining<br />
Members which allows the IESNA to fund programs that benefit all segments<br />
of the membership and pursue new endeavors, including education projects,<br />
lighting research and recommended practices. The level of support is classified<br />
by the amount of annual dues, based on a company’s annual lighting revenues:<br />
Copper: $500 annual dues<br />
Lighting revenues to $4 million<br />
(Copper members are listed in one<br />
issue of LD+A each year, as well as<br />
in the IESNA Annual Report.)<br />
Silver: $1,000 annual dues<br />
Lighting revenues to $10 million<br />
Gold: $2,500 annual dues<br />
Lighting revenues to $50 million<br />
Platinum: $5,000 annual dues<br />
Lighting revenues to $200 million<br />
Emerald: $10,000 annual dues<br />
Lighting revenues to $500 million<br />
Diamond: $15,000 annual dues<br />
Lighting revenues over $500<br />
million<br />
DIAMOND<br />
Cooper Lighting<br />
General Electric Co.<br />
Lithonia Lighting<br />
OSRAM SYLVANIA Products, Inc.<br />
Philips Lighting Co.<br />
EMERALD<br />
Holophane Corporation<br />
PLATINUM<br />
Day-Brite Capri Omega<br />
Lightolier<br />
Lutron Electronics Co, Inc.<br />
GOLD<br />
A.L.P. Lighting Components Co.<br />
Altman Lighting Inc<br />
The Bodine Company<br />
Canlyte Inc.<br />
Con-Tech Lighting<br />
Duke Power Co.<br />
Edison Price Lighting, Inc.<br />
Finelite, Inc.<br />
Florida Power Lighting Solutions<br />
Gardco Lighting<br />
Indy Lighting, Inc.<br />
Kenall Mfg Co.<br />
The Kirlin Company<br />
Kurt Versen Co.<br />
LexaLite Int’l Corp<br />
Lighting Services Inc<br />
LiteTouch, Inc.<br />
Louis Poulsen Lighting<br />
LSI Industries, Inc.<br />
Lucifer Lighting Co.<br />
Martin Professional, Inc.<br />
Musco Sports Lighting, Inc.<br />
Niagara Mohawk Power Corp<br />
Prudential Lighting Corp<br />
RAB Lighting, Inc.<br />
San Diego Gas & Electric<br />
SPI Lighting<br />
Vista Professional Outdoor Lighting<br />
The Watt Stopper Inc.<br />
Zumtobel Staff Lighting, Inc.<br />
SILVER<br />
Altuglas International, Arkema Inc.<br />
Associated Lighting Representatives. Inc.<br />
Axis Lighting Inc.<br />
Bartco Lighting, Inc.<br />
Barth Electric Co., Inc.<br />
Beta Lighting, Inc.<br />
Birchwood Lighting, Inc.<br />
BJB Electric Corporation<br />
Border States Electric Supply<br />
Bulbrite Industries, Inc.<br />
Celestial Products<br />
City of San Francisco<br />
Con Edison of New York<br />
Custom Lighting Services, LLC<br />
Custom Lights, Inc.<br />
Day Lite Maintenance Co.<br />
Eastern Energy Services, Inc.<br />
Eclipse Lighting, Inc.<br />
Elko Ltd<br />
Elliptipar<br />
Enmax<br />
Enterprise Lighting Sales<br />
ETC Architectural<br />
Eye Lighting Industries<br />
Eye Lighting Int’l of NA<br />
Fiberstars<br />
Focal Point<br />
Gammalux Systems<br />
H E Williams, Inc.<br />
HDLC<br />
<strong>Illuminating</strong> Technologies, Inc.<br />
Kramer Lighting<br />
Lee Filters<br />
Legion Lighting Co.<br />
Leviton Mfg. Co. Inc.<br />
Lightology LLC<br />
LiteTech<br />
Litecontrol Corp<br />
Litelab Corp<br />
Litetronics Int’l Inc.<br />
Lowel Light Manufacturing<br />
Lumascap USA Inc.<br />
Manitoba Hydro<br />
Manning Lighting<br />
Metalumen Manufacturing, Inc.<br />
OCEM/Multi Electric Mfg. Inc.<br />
Optical Research Associates<br />
Paramount Industries, Inc.<br />
Peter Basso Associates, Inc.<br />
Portland General Electric<br />
Prescolite, Inc.<br />
Reflex Lighting Group, Inc.<br />
Richard McDonald & Associates, Ltd.<br />
- Calgary<br />
Richard McDonald & Associates, Ltd.<br />
- Edmonton<br />
Ruud Lighting Canada Corp.<br />
Sentry Electric Corporation<br />
Shakespeare Composites & Structures<br />
Southern California Edison<br />
Sternberg Vintage Lighting<br />
Strand Lighting, Inc.<br />
StressCrete King Luminaire Co.<br />
Tennessee Valley Authority<br />
Universal Electric Ltd.<br />
US Architectural Lighting/Sun Valley<br />
Lighting<br />
Utility Metals<br />
Velux America Inc.<br />
WJ Whatley Inc.<br />
WAC Lighting, Co.<br />
Wisconsin Public Service Corp<br />
Wybron, Inc.<br />
Xenon Light, Inc.<br />
IES SUSTAINING<br />
MEMBERS<br />
As of November 2005<br />
January 2006 83
IES FYI<br />
Section Outreach Programs<br />
During the past year, sections have held 99th birthday parties where members gathered to reminisce and assembled<br />
interesting facts about lighting in their area to be assembled into a “Book of Lighting Records.”<br />
In addition, 20 IESNA sections are participating in the public outreach program during the Centennial year to showcase<br />
the importance of lighting in their communities. These Outreach Programs are resulting in a constructive engagement<br />
between the public, decision makers, and design professionals – leading to increased awareness, appreciation, and understanding<br />
of how lighting can enhance the quality of life in a community.<br />
One of these sections will receive the Members Choice Award during the Members Lunch, on Tuesday, January 10, 2006, at the<br />
Centennial Conference. The following summaries provide a glimpse into the innovative programs developed at the Section level.<br />
Blue Ridge Section (Blacksburg,<br />
VA)–To bring an awareness of proper<br />
lighting techniques, the section will<br />
teach a course in lighting for 120 architectural<br />
students at Virginia Tech.<br />
British Columbia Section–Assisted<br />
with fundraising for the “Lights of<br />
Hope,” an annual holiday season<br />
event of illuminating the exterior of a<br />
historic building. Donated an IESNA<br />
Lighting Library to BCIT in Richmond,<br />
BC and provided guest lecturers for a<br />
Lighting and Color Class. Exchanged<br />
ideas about lighting technology and<br />
design with industrial design students<br />
at Emily Carr College who then<br />
designed a lighting fixture around a<br />
single compact fluorescent lamp.<br />
and the Calgary Science Centre in an<br />
advisory capacity to promote the<br />
temporary illumination of the tower<br />
(625 foot tall structure) and increase<br />
public awareness of the joint centennials<br />
of the IESNA and the Province<br />
of Alberta, Canada.<br />
Cleveland Section–Working with<br />
the Soldiers and Sailors Memorial<br />
Foundation to insure a historically<br />
accurate recreation of the lighting,<br />
and partnering with the Western<br />
Reserve Historical <strong>Society</strong> and the<br />
Smithsonian Institute on a history of<br />
lighting exhibit.<br />
East Carolina Section (Raleigh,<br />
NC)–Will assist the North Carolina<br />
Firefighters in fundraising for the<br />
by working with partners in design<br />
societies and the local utility to promote<br />
energy conscious design.<br />
National Capital Section(Ottawa,<br />
Canada)–Developing rules for a community<br />
contest for holiday lighting displays;<br />
presenting a lighting workshop<br />
for local students in design studies;<br />
and developing a presentation on light<br />
as a part of the science curriculum in<br />
local grade schools.<br />
New York Section–Bringing an understanding<br />
of exterior nighttime lighting<br />
to the inhabitants of the city by creating<br />
a “Night Seeing Map”; using the<br />
MTA New York subway system to<br />
illustrate the history of lighting; working<br />
with the New York Hall of Science<br />
Capital Section (Washington, proper illumination of the Fallen in updating various exhibits on the science<br />
DC)–Developing courses on Firefighters Memorial, and will<br />
of lighting; assisting Project Find<br />
“Understanding Light Energy” and<br />
“Light as Art,” that will be targeted<br />
for the 4th and 5th grade curriculums<br />
of the local public schools.<br />
offer guidance to the contractor<br />
referring to the IESNA guidelines<br />
and recommended practices to<br />
properly feature the facial expressions<br />
of the sculpture.<br />
Community Center in New York City<br />
in securing fundraising to update the<br />
lighting in the senior citizen center; and<br />
working with the Queen’s Museum of<br />
Art to update their Panorama of the<br />
Chicago Section–Students will<br />
City of New York.<br />
shadow lighting professionals from Michigan Section (Detroit)–<br />
the section for a day, and will have Purchasing lighting for 10 homes being Northern Gateway Section<br />
the opportunity to rotate with three<br />
different lighting professionals to<br />
experience different aspects of a<br />
lighting project.<br />
Chinook Section (Calgary, Canada)–<br />
Will work with Bentall’s Management<br />
built by Habitat for Humanity. The section<br />
will also solicit IESNA members to<br />
volunteer to build a home.<br />
Montreal Section–Teaching a basic<br />
lighting course for electrical contractors<br />
and promoting energy efficiency<br />
(Edmonton, Canada)–To honor the<br />
High Level Bridge and its association<br />
with the centennial celebration<br />
of the Province, the section is<br />
working on securing funds for the<br />
temporary illumination of a portion<br />
of the bridge.<br />
86 www.iesna.org
Ohio Valley Section–Partnering with<br />
local organizations to secure funding<br />
for a Product Fair that will promote<br />
the IESNA and the benefits of<br />
using the practices and principles<br />
of IESNA in both commercial and<br />
residential lighting design.<br />
Oregon Section–Promoting interest<br />
in the IESNA by working with a local<br />
TV station to hold a contest whereby<br />
residents identify the location of the<br />
IESNA logo, projected in different<br />
areas around town.<br />
Philadelphia Section–Enlightened<br />
Philadelphia–A two-step educational<br />
outreach program designed<br />
to teach about the benefits of lighting<br />
for both future professionals<br />
in training and practicing professionals<br />
and to raise the visibility<br />
of the IESNA in the professional<br />
academic community.<br />
Pittsburgh Section–Partnered with<br />
the Electric League of Western<br />
Pennsylvania to create Green Light<br />
Pittsburgh whose mission is to<br />
foster a better understanding of<br />
sustainability as it pertains to the<br />
lighting industry.<br />
San Jacinto Section (Houston,<br />
TX)–Section and Alumni funds<br />
will be contributed to underwrite<br />
the illumination of the dormitories<br />
at the University of Houston in<br />
school colors.<br />
St. Louis Section–Is establishing<br />
a student scholarship fund, underwriting<br />
NOVA on the local PBS<br />
station, establishing a LC Library,<br />
partnering with the local USGBC<br />
and IFMA chapters to increase the<br />
visibility of the IESNA and conduct-<br />
LD+A in<br />
2006<br />
There’s some<br />
breaking news<br />
here at LD+A.<br />
First,<br />
pleased<br />
we’re<br />
to<br />
report that the<br />
2006 LD+A<br />
Media Kit has<br />
received a Silver Award in the 2005<br />
All-Media contest sponsored by<br />
Association Trends. Congratulations<br />
go to associate art director Petra<br />
Domingo, who designed the media<br />
kit, and marketing manager Sue<br />
Foley, who produced the content.<br />
Second, as you’ve probably<br />
noticed by now, this issue marks<br />
the debut of the redesigned<br />
LD+A magazine. Last fall, IESNA<br />
commissioned an independent<br />
Editorial Guidance Survey conducted<br />
by The Wayman Group.<br />
Thanks to all readers who<br />
responded to the survey. The<br />
survey addressed topics including<br />
article content and length;<br />
the number of articles published<br />
in each issue; and the magazine’s<br />
design/aesthetic appeal. We used<br />
a 1-4 rating scale to force respondents<br />
to commit to a positive or<br />
negative rating, as opposed to a<br />
ing a free RP-3 or DG-5 seminar<br />
to members of local Planning and<br />
Zoning Commissions.<br />
Susquehanna Section (Harrisburg,<br />
PA)–Presentation to the Pennsylvania<br />
Association of School Board<br />
Associate art director Petra Domingo<br />
and art director Samuel Fontanez.<br />
1-5 scale, whereby respondents<br />
can “hedge” by choosing a three.<br />
The results were quite positive<br />
(75 percent say LD+A “strikes the<br />
right balance” between technical<br />
and non-technical content; 83<br />
percent say feature stories are<br />
“about the right length,” etc.).<br />
The average design rating<br />
was 3.2 (a solid B average) and<br />
the overall satisfaction rating<br />
was a rather robust 89 percent,<br />
but only 31 percent gave us the<br />
top mark of four, so there was<br />
clearly room for improvement.<br />
This redesign incorporates many<br />
of your comments gleaned from<br />
the reader survey. The original<br />
design concept was developed<br />
by our former art director<br />
and then honed by our current<br />
design team—Samuel Fontanez,<br />
art director, and Petra Domingo,<br />
associate art director<br />
’Nuff said. A magazine redesign<br />
is like a telling a joke. If you have to<br />
explain it, then it doesn’t work.<br />
Paul Tarricone, Editor<br />
Administrators on both the importance<br />
and function of lighting educational<br />
facilities and of lighting<br />
education in school curriculums.<br />
Toledo Section–Will build an<br />
illuminated float and participate<br />
in the Maumee Holiday Evening<br />
Parade. The theme of the float will<br />
be the IESNA and its Centennial<br />
Celebration.<br />
LD+A January 2006 87
IES FYI<br />
Second Public Review<br />
of Healthcare RP<br />
BSR/IESNA RP-29-05, Lighting for Hospitals and Health<br />
Care Facilities, is the Standard Practice that describes lighting<br />
concepts and design solutions for various health care<br />
facilities with a focus on patient sensibilities and comfort.<br />
Design considerations and lighting recommendations are<br />
presented for most every type of hospital environment<br />
Members In The News<br />
Acuity Brands, Atlanta, GA, was awarded the highest<br />
rating for its support and policies relating to employees<br />
in the National Guard and Reserves. The award was<br />
presented by ESGR (Employer Support of the Guard and<br />
Reserve), an agency of the Department of Defense, during<br />
a ceremony at company headquarters in Atlanta.<br />
ESGR awards its 5-Star Statement of Support to<br />
employers who “go above and beyond what is required by<br />
from birthing rooms to the autopsy suite. RP-29-05 has just<br />
been significantly revised by its authoring committee in<br />
response to comments received during a first public review<br />
conducted earlier in 2005. RP-29-05 will replace an existing<br />
IESNA document and is being submitted for approval as an<br />
ANSI standard. Second public review dates ends January<br />
24. Review copies of the newly revised draft standard ($25<br />
per copy) may be obtained from Rita Harrold at Tel: 212-<br />
248-5000 ext. 115 or email: rharrold@iesna.org<br />
law,” and less than<br />
one percent qualifies<br />
for this recognition.<br />
At Acuity Brands, this<br />
includes salary supplements,<br />
continued benefits,<br />
education, training<br />
and the appointment<br />
of an official advocate,<br />
a role filled by John<br />
K. Morgan, executive<br />
vice president of Acuity Brands and president of Acuity<br />
Brands Lighting.<br />
Vernon J. Nagel, chairman, president<br />
and CEO of Acuity Brands, adds his<br />
signature to the ESGR Award. Front<br />
row, far left, is John K. Morgan,<br />
president and CEO of Acuity Brands<br />
Lighting.<br />
Wybron, Inc., Colorado Springs, CO, promoted Kara<br />
O’Grady to northeastern sales manager.<br />
Lutron Electronics, Coopersburg, PA, announced the<br />
winners of the “Better Light – Better Rooms” lighting and<br />
room makeover sweepstakes, which ran in 119 lighting<br />
showrooms nationwide from April 1 – June 30, 2005. The<br />
grand prize winner received $2500 in Lutron products,<br />
$2500 in lighting fixtures and design services from Energy<br />
Plus Wholesale Lighting in Santa Rosa, CA, and $15,000<br />
towards a room makeover. In addition to the grand prize,<br />
Lutron awarded one first prize winner $5000 toward<br />
Lutron lighting control products and 25 second place winners<br />
a Maestro IR remote control dimmer.<br />
Leviton Manufacturing Company, Little Neck, NY, and<br />
the Sensors and Controls Division of Texas Instruments<br />
Incorporated, have entered into a strategic alliance that<br />
will focus on the co-development of products that provide<br />
protection against the hazard of arc faults, high power<br />
electrical discharges that occur between two or more<br />
conductors in electrical wiring.<br />
88 www.iesna.org