COMMeMOratiVe ISSue - Illuminating Engineering Society

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Legacy Sponsors Holophane I n 1898, Otis Mygatt founded the Holophane Company in New York City, buying the original optical glass patents from Prof. Andre Blondel and Spiridion Psaroudaki. The name Holophane is derived from two Greek words, holos, meaning “whole or entire,” and phanein, meaning “to appear.” Thus the word “holophane” was defined as “to appear entirely shining.” In 1905, the general manager of Holophane, Van Rensselaer Lansingh, collaborated with Louis B. Marks in the founding of the IES in the Holophane offices in NYC. Several of the charter members were Holophane employees, including Prof. Andre Blondel. Lansingh became the first treasurer, later general secretary, and then president of the Society. At least five presidents of the IES have been Holophane employees. The company’s glass manufacturing facilities were established in Newark, Ohio, in 1900, and the early prismatic glass pieces were used to control gas mantles, carbon lamps, gas burners, and acetylene and oil lamps. Early refractors were used for gas streetlights, while reflectors were used in interior applications to enhance the efficiency of the gas mantles. During the early 1900s, Holophane engineers developed the initial method to measure both light intensity and distribution at one of the first photometric laboratories in the country, showcasing the famous Dibden photometer, the only one in the US with such a large range of capacity. By 1910, Holophane reflectors had become so popular that lamp manufacturers adopted the practice of advertising Holophane reflectors on every lamp carton and recommending their use with tungsten lamps. A company booklet dated 1918 specifies the goals of street lighting: “To provide safety from collision, safety from attack, and convenience in recognizing the passer-by.” These goals were achieved by utilizing the company’s refractors, “giving highly efficient results.” Since its founding Holophane has innovated a myriad of innovative new products. Among them were significant industry firsts, such as: WallpackTM, cobrahead refractor, glass fluorescent lens, 2 X 4 injection molded fluorescent lens, integrally ballasted industrial luminaire, direct/indirect HID unit for industrial and retail, high-mast luminaire, high-mast lowering device, off-highway luminaire, UL listed hazardous area lighting, low-brightness efficient fluorescent lens, Equivalent Spherical Illumination lens, innovative specialty lighting for food processing and automobile paint inspection, high-wattage continuously dimmable HID electronic ballast, and thermal management system for T5 lamps. During WWII the company was awarded an Army/Navy “E” award for developing a signaling lens for the Navy that transmitted light in a frequency invisible to the human eye. In 1973 Holophane began designing and manufacturing its own HID Electromagnetic ballasts providing full lamp output, low watts loss and improved thermal characteristics for its own luminaires. The combination of borosilicate glass, optical design expertise, high performance ballasts, innovative product leadership and its own employee sales force has given Holophane a successful, highly respected position in the lighting marketplace. Some of the prestigious installations utilizing the company’s products include: Westminster Abbey, NBC Radio City Studios (the first inbuilt lighting in a ceiling), US House of Representatives and Senate assembly areas, Olympic Ice Hockey Stadium in Lake Placid, Queen Elizabeth Way in Ontario, Notre Dame Athletic Convocation Center, Boeing 747 assembly facility, Newark Airport (NJ), San Francisco Airport, Dames Point Bridge in Jacksonville, Koin Tower in Portland, State Street in Chicago, The Embarcadero in San Francisco, street lighting for the Atlanta Olympics, and millions of other indoor, outdoor, and specialty lighting projects worldwide. Holophane Company became part of what is now Acuity Brands Inc. in July 1999. January 2006 41
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T E. Leavenworth Elliott ‘Five years ago it was almost impossible for a consulting illuminating engineer to get into an architect’s office’ Van Rensselaer Lansingh Louis B. Marks Edward L. Nichols John W. Lieb Walter D’Arcy Ryan ‘It has been Proposed to form a College of New York and at Cornell, Louis Bell at Dartmouth and Van Rensselaer Lansingh at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. They had among the best of the technical educations that could be acquired in the U.S. at the end of the 19 th century. For many, their entry into busi- century, many major American cities were in the midst of a construction boom that would transform urban skylines and many industries—lighting among them. 1900-1905 Lighting in the five years just before the founding of the Illu- duced improvements that had fueled the see-saw of dominance for 20 years. It was not clear at the time what would become the dominant form of “artificial light” and the question of the most efficacious and economical source was far from settled. But as competitive as other forms Society...’ ness and professional practice was marked by the Panic of 1893 and the serious economic de- minating Engineering Society was provided by technologies as varied as would ever be avail- of lighting were, incandescent electric lighting was growing the fastest. In 1905, 40 million pression that followed. Sparked able. Depending on locale, con- incandescent lamps were sold in by a run on treasury gold and struction and availability, any of the U.S., and the total spent on By David DiLaura Lighting’s preeminent historian describes how visionaries, risk takers, practitioners, academics and businessmen banded together in 1905-06 to create the IES the failure of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, there was wide-spread panic. Bank failures resulted, followed by other railroad bankruptcies and stock price collapses. The resulting these lighting sources might be found in use: • • • Kerosene lighting Gas lighting Incandescent gas lighting with mantles electric lighting for the year was greater than $120 million. This state of lighting technology meant that the men involved in lighting needed to have a command of and experience with a economic depression lasted more • Arc lighting wide range of technologies. than five years; it was by far the • Flame-arc lighting At the turn of the 20 th century, Most of the men who were the organizers, founders and early members of the Illuminating Engineering Society were born as the American Civil War was ending, or not long after. Their parents raised families in a society transformed by war. Most of the men involved came from Northern families and so with the post-war prosperity were able to obtain good educations. Louis B. Marks, for example, was educated at City most serious financial crisis to have hit the U.S. up to that time, and the lighting industry was not above this turmoil. But recovery began near the end of the decade. One mark of this was the increase in construction activity. By the turn of the • • • • Incandescent electric lighting Moore tube discharge lighting Cooper-Hewitt mercury-vapor discharge lighting Acetylene lighting The competition between gas lighting and electric incandescent lighting was fierce and pro- electricity was provided by socalled central stations: buildings housing dynamos powered by steam engines and the necessary gear to control the electric power. Central stations owned the wiring that distributed the electric power and sold the final electric applianc- 42 www.iesna.org LD+A January 2006 43
Page 1 and 2: January 2006 L i g h t i n g D e s
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COMMeMOratiVe ISSue - Illuminating Engineering Society

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