COMMeMOratiVe ISSue - Illuminating Engineering Society

C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T
Calculations
David DiLaura 1981, U.S.
Advances procedures for point-by-point calculations. Develops lighting
software for hand-held programmable calculators and then personal
computers.
Optics/Color
Augustine Fresnel 1823, France
Invents what’s now known as the
Fresnel lens. It’s used ubiquitously
in lighting equipment.
Albert H. Munsell 1905, U.S.
Develops a practical, widely used
system of color notation and specification.
Ward Harrison 1920, U.S.
Develops a system of empirical coefficients of utilization and a method
for their use in lighting design.
J. Roy Jones & John Neidhardt 1951, U.S.
Develop the “zonal system” for specifying luminaire distributions to determine
their coefficients of utilization.
Bill F. Jones 1959, U.S.
Proposes the system of “cavities” to describe a room for lighting calculations.
It becomes the “zonal cavity” system adopted by the IES.
Merle Keck 1980s-90s, U.S.
Develops a computer program that addresses visibility in roadway
lighting design.
Johann H. Lambert 1760, Germany
Writes the first complete system of illuminating engineering concepts
and calculations.
Philip O’Brien 1955-60, U.S.
Develops modern radiative transfer techniques in lighting calculations
(the earliest applications of analog and digital computers to the
computations of factors required to calculate CUs for luminaires). These
are incorporated in the “zonal cavity” system adopted by the IES.
Wentworth Potter 1940s, U.S.
Does early work on room coefficients of utilization. Sets up full-scale
rooms to measure CUs. During World War II, develops a signaling mirror
(with the cross in the middle) so that soldiers on the ground could aim the
reflected sunlight accurately toward aircraft.
David MacAdam U.S.
Develops system for differentiation of colors
known as “MacAdam Ellipses,” which when
G.H. Stickney 1910, U.S.
Authors paper entitled “Color Values of Light
from Electric Lamps” in IES Transactions.
applied to the CIE Chromaticity Diagram describes
minimum differences required for colors
to be differentiated.
Gunter Wyszecki 1950s-82,
Canada
As a researcher at the National
Robert McPhail 1950s, U.S.
Research Council, influential
Invents the conical light controlling prism for
use with fluorescent lamps—a design which has
been widely copied and imitated in commercial
lighting equipment.
contributor to color science, particularly
through two books on colorimetry and photometry
co-authored with Deane Judd and
W.S. Stiles.
Vision (related directly to lighting)
Willard Allphin U.S.
and disability glare research, instrumentation and
Authors Primer of Lamps and Lighting.
computation.
H. Richard Blackwell 1946-59, U.S.
Sylvester K. Guth 1948-63, U.S.
Conducts experiments relating standard task
Develops methods for evaluating discomfort
contrast and luminance to detection performance.
glare.
The work extends to realistic tasks and development
of a system for specifying illuminance criteria.
System adopted by the IES in 1958.
L.L. Holladay 1920s, U.S.
Develops glare formulae. His early experiments
Gertrude R. Ferree 1920s, U.S.
on discomfort glare stand for decades and prove to
A doctor of psychology, she studies how lighting have practical application to typical lighting situations.
affects how people see color. Later works on lighting
design of the Holland Tunnel.
Arthur Konig 1891
Glenn Fry 1950-60, U.S.
Does large-scale measurement of spectral response
Helps establish the scientific foundations
of human vision at high and low light lev-
of optometry and vision-related
els. Determines the relative brightness of different
matters related directly to lighting. wavelengths. Data is used by Perley Nutting in the
Areas of expertise include discomfort first analytic determination of the lumen.
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