Ecosystem services provided by the Baltic Sea ... - Naturvårdsverket

SWEDISH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Report 5873 • Ecosystem services provided by the Baltic Sea and Skagerrak
Economic Marine Information
Hypoxia Dearth of oxygen < 1-2 mg/l. Hypoxia makes organisms flee (if they
can).
ICES International Council for the Exploration of the Seas The organisation
that coordinates and promotes marine research in the North Atlantic,
including the Baltic Sea and Skagerrak. 1600 scientists from 20 countries
working through ICES gather information about the marine ecosystem which
is then developed into unbiased, non-political advice.
Intraspecific Among individuals of the same species.
IMO International Maritime Organisation The specialized agency of the
United Nations. IMO’s main task is to develop and maintain a comprehensive
regulatory framework for shipping.
Indicator species Organisms that, by their presence, abundance, or chemical
composition, demonstrate a distinctive aspect of the character or quality of the
environment.
Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) A practice in which the byproducts
(wastes) from one species are recycled to become inputs (fertilizers,
food) for another. Fed aquaculture (e.g. fish, shrimp) is combined with inorganic
extractive (e.g. seaweed) and organic extractive (e.g. shellfish) aquaculture
to create balanced systems for environmental sustainability and economic
stability (product diversification and risk reduction) and social acceptability
(better management practices).
The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’
Ballast Water and Sediments The convention was adopted in 2004 and
comprises all ships in international traffic. On board these ships the ballast
water shall be exchanged in areas where the depth is at least 200 m at a
minimum distance of 50 nautical miles from shores, or treat the ballast water
by approved treatment systems preventing harmful species and pathogens to
exceed stipulated limits. Due to limited depth in both the Baltic Sea and
Skagerrak, Sweden cannot fully comply with the requirements of the Ballast
Water Convention until 2016, when all ships are required to provide internal
systems of ballast water handling.
Invasive alien species A non-indigenous species that, by movement by human
agency, has been introduced outside its natural distribution and whose
introduction and/or spreading threatens indigenous species or habitats.
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Established by the
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological
Organization (WMO) in 1988. IPCC’s role is to determine the impact
of and possible responses to climate change. In 2007 the IPCC shared, with Al
Gore, the Nobel Peace Prize for disseminating knowledge about man-made
climate change.
IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural
Resources The world's main authority on the conservation status of species.
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (1963) The red list is the world's
most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and
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