Ecosystem services provided by the Baltic Sea ... - Naturvårdsverket

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SWEDISH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Report 5873 • Ecosystem services provided by the Baltic Sea and Skagerrak Economic Marine Information and species. As part of the Swedish Environmental Goal # 10 long-term protection shall be provided for at least 50 % of marine environments of high conserva- Marine Protected Areas Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are valuable tools for conserving natural and cultural marine resources as part of an ecosystem approach to management. Although the Swedish Environmental Code includes no specific instruments for the protection of marine areas, all coastal and marine areas inside the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) are comprised by its general legislation on area protection. Outside the territorial border, in the EEZ, area protection can be achieved within the Natura 2000 network. Below is a list of protective measures available under Swedish legislation. Nature Reserve The establishment of nature reserves is based on criteria developed by SEPA and the county administrative boards “for the purpose of preserving biological diversity, protecting and preserving valuable natural environments or satisfying the need of areas for outdoor recreation” (the Environmental Code). National parks and nature reserves must have management plans that include practical steps for maintenance and monitoring. Within nature reserves, county administrative boards can regulate fishing for the purpose of habitat protection. Natura 2000 Natura 2000 is a network of sites with high conservation interest in the EU. The aim is to prevent destruction of natural habitats and to protect animals and plants from extinction. The sites are identified for inclusion in the network under the provisions of the Birds and Habitats Directives. National Park National Parks are established by the Government. According to the Environmental Code the purpose of a national park is to preserve “a large contiguous area of a certain landscape type in its natural state or essentially unchanged”. National parks must have management plans that include practical steps for maintenance and monitoring. Biotope protection According to the Environmental Code, biotope protection can be achieved for certain marine biotopes including cold-water coral reefs and other biogenic reefs, shallow bays and inlets as well as shores and marine habitats harbouring populations of threatened species or of particular importance for threatened species. Fishery restrictions Fisheries regulation such as gear restrictions and no-take areas can be issued by the Swedish Board of Fisheries (SBF). tion value by 2010, and at least 70 % of coastal and archipelago areas with significant natural and cultural assets. All together there should be 26 marine protected areas in Swedish waters before 2010. A further three coastal and open sea areas with permanent bans will be established in the Baltic Sea and Kattegat-Skagerrak respectively by 2010 for evaluation by 2015 (81). Despite aforementioned effort, recent revision of interim targets concludes that they may not be realistic. Instead, a network of areas with favourable conservation status, comprising 15 % of Swe- 61
SWEDISH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Report 5873 • Ecosystem services provided by the Baltic Sea and Skagerrak Economic Marine Information den’s marine realm, should have been established. Among these, 10 % should be subjected to long-term protection (82). Additional interim targets proposed by 62
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Ecosystem services provided by the
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Ecosystem services provided by the Baltic Sea ... - Naturvårdsverket

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