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Bibliography Illegal Immigration or Trafficking in Human Beings who Co-operate with the Competent Authorities.” 2004/81/EC. European Union. “EU Directive on minimum standards for the qualification and status of third country nationals or stateless persons as refugees or as persons who otherwise need international protection and the content of the protection granted.” 2004/83/EC. 2004. Home Office. “Asylum Statistics: year on year fall continues.” Press Release, 16 November 2004. Ref 354/2004. Home Office. Age Assessment Joint Working Protocol Between Immigration and Nationality Directorate of the Home Office (IND) and Association of Directors of Social Services (ADSS). November 2005. Her Majesty’s Government. Controlling our borders : making migration work for Britain, the Government’s five year strategy for asylum and immigration. Cm 6472. February 2005. Her Majesty’s Government. Every Child Matters. Cm 5860. 2003. Her Majesty’s Government. Safeguarding Children. Chief Inspectors to Safeguard Children, July 2005. Her Majesty’s Government. Secure Borders, Safe Haven: Integration with Diversity in Modern Britain. CM 5387. 2002. Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons. Reports on Inspections of Immigration Removal Centres (various). Hewett, Tracey and Smaley, Nina. Uncertain Futures: Children Seeking Asylum in Wales. Save the Children, 2005. Home Office /Scottish Executive. Tackling Human Trafficking — Consultation on Proposals for a UK Action Plan. January 2006. Home Office National Asylum Support Centre. Unaccompanied Asylum Seeking Children Reform Programme 2005/6. Bulletin Issue 1. 2006. Home Office. Asylum Process Manual. August 2005. Home Office. Asylum Statistics 2003. November 2004. Home Office. Asylum Statistics 2004. March 2005. Home Office. Evaluation of NSA-UASC Interview Project. August 2004. Home Office. The role of early legal advice in asylum applications. Home Office Immigration Research and Statistics Service Online Report. June 2005. http://www.homeoffice .gov.uk/rds/pdfs05/rdsolr0605.pdf. Home Office. Trafficking of People: Crime Reduction Toolkit. September 2004. Immigration Advisory Service. Home Office Country Assessments: An Analysis. September 2003. Immigration Advisory Service. Home Office Country Assessments: An Analysis. December 2003. Immigration Advisory Service. Home Office Country Assessments: An Analysis. December 2004. Immigration Advisory Service. Some Office Country Assessment: An Analysis. May 2004. Hosted by www.ijjo.org 209
Immigration Advisory Service. Submission to APCI: An Analysis of Home Office Country Reports. August 2005. Kohli, Ravi K.S. “Asylum-seeking Children Say and Do Not Say.” British Journal of Social Work 3, 2005. SEEKING ASYLUM ALONE | UNITED KINGDOM 210 Immigration Advisory Service. Submission to the APCI: An Analysis of Home Office Country Reports. August 2005. Immigration and Nationality Directorate. “Notifying Social Services Departments of an Asylum Decision.” Asylum Policy Notice 09/2003. January 2005. Immigration and Nationality Directorate. Asylum Policy Unit Notice 5/2004. October 2004. Immigration and Nationality Directorate. Asylum Process Manual. 2001. Immigration and Nationality Directorate. Country Information and Policy Unit Reports (various). Immigration and Nationality Directorate. Processing Applications from Children. August 2005. Immigration and Nationality Directorate. Unaccompanied Asylum Seeking Children Information Note. July 2004. Immigration and Nationality Directorate. Unaccompanied Asylum Seeking Children (UASC) Returns Programme Policy Framework Document. March 2005. Immigration Law Practitioners’ Association (ILPA). Working with children and young people subject to immigration control: Guidelines for best practice. November 2004. Immigration Law Practitioners’ Association. Child first, migrant second :Ensuring that every child matters. ILPA Policy Paper. May 2006. Immigration Service. Best Practice: Unaccompanied Minors. January 2004. Joint Chief Inspectors. Report on Arrangements to Safeguard Children. July 2005. Kent Social Services Department. Interagency Protocol Vulnerable Children and Young People Arriving in Dover. July 2002. Kidane, Selam. I did not choose to come here: Listening to Refugee Children. London: British Association for Adoption and Fostering, 2001. Kohli, Ravi K.S. “The comfort of strangers: social work practice with unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and young people in the UK.” Child and Family Social Work 11, no 1, 2006. Local Authority Circular. Guidance on Accommodating Children in Need and Their Families. 2003. Mayor of London. Offering more than they borrow: Refugee children in London. March 2004. Powell, Colin. “Preface,” Human Rights Reports for 2003. U.S. State Department, 2003. Reflex. Paladin Child: The Safeguarding Children Strand of Maxim funded by Reflex: A Partnership Study of Child Migration to the UK via London Heathrow. June 2004. Refugee Council. Briefing on the Government’s Five Year Asylum and Immigration Strategy. February 2005. Refugee Council. Response to the Home Office Consultation on the Implementation of the Council Directive on Laying down the minimum standards for the reception of asylum seekers. December 2004. Refugee Council. Ringing the Changes: The impact of guidance on the use of Sections 17 and 20 of the Children Act 1989 to support unaccompanied asylum-seeking children. January 2005. Robinson, Vaughan and Jeremy Segrott. Understanding the decision-making of asylum-seekers. London: Research, Development and Statistics Directorate of the Home Office, 2002. Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. The Health of Refugee Children: Guidelines for Paediatricians. November 1999. Save the Children. No Place for a Child: Children in UK immigration detention: Impacts, alternatives and safeguards. February 2005. Save the Children. Unaccompanied refugees and asylum seekers turning 18 : A guide for social workers and other professionals April 2005 Hosted by www.ijjo.org
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Unaccompanied and Separated Childre
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS Jacqueline Bhabha
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Manchester City Council; Sue Fisher
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Contents Chapter 1 | 9 Chapter 5 |
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SEEKING ASYLUM ALONE | UNITED KINGD
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Arriving in the U.K. 6 The Immigrat
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ers often believe that although a p
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fear of certain groups in society t
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that unaccompanied minor children f
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It then added that “although chil
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2004 it rose to 8.8%. This was at a
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2.3 Countries of Origin Unaccompani
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Recommendations ■ 1. If the U.K.
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There was no comparable age differe
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2.7 Private Fostering Arrangements
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Endnotes 9 Statistics published by
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unfounded, thus depriving this subs
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Bill in Parliament which would have
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of someone who might be an unaccomp
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It is clear that the Rules are a po
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subsequently abducted by their form
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“G” was a 16-year-old Christian
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■ 4. Article 4 of the European Co
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17 A multi-agency task force establ
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of the asylum determination process
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as a group around the claimant laug
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with as being hostile. Nor did they
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purposes. 38 The Immigration and Na
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or local authority social services
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als from age disputed children deta
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and February 2005 when 75% of those
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accommodation which is separated fr
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e safe to let the child go and live
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case, that adult is advised to info
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The official justification for thes
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Asylum Support Team has a case load
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days and a second review after thre
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provides access to rehabilitation a
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who the child must try to relate to
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adult in their life to speak on the
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8.3 Role of a Legal Guardian rights
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asylum application and monitor the
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do once I got to London. The pictur
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Some social services departments do
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■ 5. The screening interview shou
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eturn to a country requiring servic
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■ 6. The syllabus for the Accredi
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this research believe that it is no
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A recent White Paper 13 states that
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an important and distinct role to p
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for Determining Refugee Status. 30
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draws on a small number of other re
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■ 3. UNHCR also states that the q
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contact the child via social servic
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It is not possible to ascertain the
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leave to remain if it was unlikely
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“Unaccompanied children are not g
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5 IND. Unaccompanied Asylum Seeking
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until they turn 18, whichever is th
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“There are some exceptionally goo
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could have been allowed. In one of
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esisting removal to their countries
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■ 3. The Law Society and the Lega
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Page 161 and 162: 42 Interview with Laura Brownlees,
Page 163 and 164: SEEKING ASYLUM ALONE | UNITED KINGD
Page 165 and 166: should resolve this difficulty. The
Page 167 and 168: A number of legal representatives b
Page 169 and 170: Department at appeals by unaccompan
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Page 175 and 176: Recommendations 14 Immigration Rule
Page 179 and 180: concern the plethora of evidence of
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Page 185 and 186: that the vast majority of referrals
Page 187 and 188: ecause of long waiting lists and be
Page 189 and 190: which would have provided for a leg
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Page 193 and 194: ■ 9.9 The interviewer should alwa
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Page 205 and 206: 22 Information provided by Ailish K
Page 207 and 208: A P P E N D I X 1 Glossary of Terms
Page 209: Bibliography Amnesty International.
Page 213 and 214: FOR MORE INFORMATION PHOTOGRAPHY CR
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