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244 chapter 13<br />

Table 35. Critical load ranges of acidity used for various combinations of<br />

base cation concentration and runoff for surface waters<br />

Guideline range of Base cation Runoff (m)<br />

critical loads of acidity concentration<br />

(eq/ha per year) (meq/m 3 )<br />

< 250 < 45 > 1.0<br />

< 100 0.3–1.0<br />

< 270 a < 0.3<br />

250–500 45–70 > 1.0<br />

100–190 0.3–1.0<br />

250–400 a < 0.3<br />

500–1000 70–103 > 1.0<br />

190–290 0.3–1.0<br />

400–650 < 0.3<br />

1000–1500 103–170 > 1.0<br />

290–465 a 0.3–1.0<br />

650–1300 < 0.3<br />

> 1500 > 170 > 1.0<br />

> 350 a 0.3–1.0<br />

> 1300 < 0.3<br />

a The class boundaries overlap.<br />

REFERENCES<br />

1. FINKEL, R.C. ET AL. Changes in precipitation chemistry at Dye 3, Greenland.<br />

Journal of geophysics research, 910: 9849–9855 (1986).<br />

2. TUOVINEN, J.-P. ET AL. Transboundary acidifying pollution in Europe:<br />

calculated fields and budgets 1985–93. Oslo, Norwegian Meteorological<br />

Institute, 1994 (Technical Report, No. 129).<br />

3. VAN BREEMEN, N. ET AL. Acidic deposition and internal proton sources<br />

in acidification of soils and waters. Nature, 307: 599 (1984).<br />

4. DE VRIES, W. & BREEUWSMA, A. The relation between soil acidification<br />

and element cycling, Water, air and soil pollution, 35: 293–310 (1987).

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