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PHY322S Atomic Physics . Nucleus - protons and neutrons. Bohr, Wheeler, Wigner . . . Complicated force. Liquid drop model. Nuclear shell model. Deformation, . . . A rich mesoscopic quantum fluid. The strong internucleon force - potential or QCD? Proton, neutron → quark model Quarks → (super)strings? → ?? Leptons: electron, muon, neutrinos . . . Radiation: photons, . . . [gauge bosons] Dark matter. Dark energy. [Quintessence ??] 8
PHY322S Atomic Physics . Problems with atom as classical object All hydrogen atoms alike: r = a 0 ∼ 0.53 × 10 −10 m. Classical atom (Coulomb force provides centripetal force): mv 2 /r = (1/4πɛ 0 )e 2 /r 2 Problems: 1) Atom could be any size: If r(t) is solution; scale by k and k 2 r(t/k 3 ) is ALSO a solution. Who sets k? 2) Atom is unstable. Accelerate charge radiates, so spirals in. Lifetime ∼ 10 −11 s /... 9
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