Paracfiuln tquipmnnt Industry ilssnuiatiun - Parachute Industry ...

Paracfiuln tquipmnnt Industry ilssnuiatiun 

in lth"ale 

:r lhP'-lJ'r.d Srtles 

t4.10 Duke Street. Alexandria. 

ta 

J^ 2231,1 ' 7i).: I 8J6'r 4 i: 

I/OLI.JME V, NO. I 

APRrr, 1i, 1983 

PARA NEIÎSBRIEF 

The PARA NEIfSBRIEF is an industry publlcaEicn prepared by t-h. Secret-ar)' 

and frifiTE?I-ffifFmenbers. Membership ls open to f irms lrt t-he parachute 

equipment industry. Appllcations may be directed to Lhe address above. 

Ne!,rslett.er correspondence and subscrlptions sh!-uld be sent to Sandy 

Reld, Secretary, 31671 Coast Hlty, South ['aguna' CalLfornia 9261 ] U.S.A. 

or eall 714-499-4588, Subscriptions are available for U.S.S15.00 ' oer: 

vgar. 

***** 

IITE NEWS IN BRIEF 

l4lnutes of the PEIA Winter Meetlng, January Il, 1983. 

PEIA Finanelal statement as of 12.31.82. 

Current f,lst of PEfA Members. 

FEom ehe Secretaryrs Desk. 

ParachuEe Teehnieian's Update Conference. 

PEIA Llabillty Insurance Summary - J, Scott IIamilton 

Student Sguare canopies - Jlm llowry 

As.8015A - Revised eopy 

FXC Safety BuIIetln 

PARA-FLITE - Technical Report : Square Reserves Deployment 

Analysis 

Poynter - Index to ParachuEe llanual available 

Westgaard Parachute recei.ves full Loft rating 

Incidentr/Ace ident Reports 

CSPA Technical Bulletins Fl3 and I4. 

Parachute Patenhs 

Article: Warnirrqs, IJevrsr assume user has average int--eIl igence

}IIIiIUTES OF PEIA I.IINTER I4EETII{G 

HOWARD JOHNSOI']S - ARLIIIGTON, \/TP.GII.IIA 

JANUARY I3. I983 

The l4eeting was called to order bi; Chairmalr Ei+k Puskas at 9:2Oam. 

Roll call indlcated a Quorum (14 members present). Ilinutes of the 

pre'rious meeting ivere read and aopro'red, 

The Agenda was adopted. 

REPORTS _ OFFICERS 

CFII\IRMAN - EIek Puskas 

- Deregulation: The nove to Deregulate parachutinq is still 

ali.;e and well somewhere within the hall-s of the FAA. There 

is at present a move to separate the Parachubin"J \IPRN from 

the General Aviation i\lPRN. This will possiblT lake ol.ace 

sometime within the next 2-3 months. After that, Lhere will 

be aporoxinately 5 months to reoly. IE appears that the 

interrt of the FAA is to keep the TSO prograrn, parts of Part 

105, and to eliminate the Loft and Riqqer Certification 

sect ions. 

- AS.80l5a: The late:t ch.rnge to this has been oublisheJ and 

a copy is included in this issue. It has been subnitl-ed to 

the FAA but we will prcbably not hear anvthinq else rrntil 

the deregulation situation has been rectified. 

- USPA Board Meetin_o: There is a change to ParL 22. PEIA is 

to pay USPA within 60 days after accepEance of new nernbers. 

- The 1982 PEIA Aehievenent Award was oresented to Debbie Colenan 

r-he wife cf the late Iien Coleman. Oebbie made the trip to 

Para-F1ite to receive it personally From Elek. 

- Elek sent a letter on behalf ot PEIA to the !{estgaard FamiIi' 

in sympathy over the deahh of Dean Westgaard in September. 

- 9lek suggested that FEIA nraintain closer lia ison with USPA's 

Safetv and Training Committee, particularly concerninq equipment 

safety and'or problems. In this liqht he wished to mention 

r-he problern of the flamibility oE acrylic fabric being useJ 

in the nanufacture of some jumpsuits. There have been se,reral 

incidents where individuals junoing smoke have been injured 

when '-heir suits cauqht f ire. This was brouqht- t-o ?9IArs 

attention b7 an attorne,z from Ellsworth, l,laine. .After discussion 

with TechnicaL Comnrittee was qiven l:he projeet of Lookinq into 

possibl,!' treating acrylic to render it saFer. 

- 3obb1z Cckerlrrot-o SLek wihh the nerrs that there was o'.rer 1,100 

names on the RiqrJer's )lewsletter \iailinc LisE.

-2- 

TREASURER'S P,EPORT - Dick PaoIiello 

- The T!:easurer's report for 1982 was giveu, a copy of which 

is included herein. A motion to aceeot the repor! was nade, 

seconded and car r ied . 

II'ISURANCg COMMITTEE _ Ron Edwards 

- Ron Edwards reported the results of a policy re'riew conducted 

by Hamilton and Hill, P.C. on the Iiabilitv policy available 

through AVEI,ICO. Scott Hamilton gave a ia,:orable response 

but cautioned that we should be arvare oE what is llOT covered 

by the policy. This report was aceepted. 

TECIINICAL COIO4ITTEE - John Sherman 

- The olans for Ehis year's Parachute Technician's Updar.e 

Conference at the 1983 Nationals were sketched out by the 

Chairman, John Sherman. The location was still to be 

worked out as were the actual lrours the conference was to 

take place. The Cates were June 30 - Ju11,3, 1983. 

- One item that had been suggested before was that sorre sort oF 

binder be made available for the people who t.ake part irr the 

conference so that hhey can eollate all the information 

presented during the conference. These would be purchased 

at Ehe door or thrcugh advance registration. It woulti give 

the participants of the conference somethinq tangible to take 

home r,rith them and also provide Lhen \rith lasting educational 

mater ial . 

- John also brought up the need for the st-anrlardization of 

certain terms, methods etc. throughout hhe oarachute ind'lsLry. 

This has been recognized in the past but there was not nuch 

eFfort in thls line. The primary place where there is a 

pressing need ar- the present is in the method of neasurinq 

Lire area of square cancpies. The Technical Committee wil_l 

look into several areas where t.here may be iCeas for stanar,jizat.ion. 

The Committee Chairrnan's report was accepted. 

IIEI4BERSHIP COMMITTSE - i'like Furri' 

- The nain order of business wit-h this comnittee was the rnatter 

of how long shoul.l association menbers be carried on the rolls 

if they.rre delinquent with their membership fees. After nuch 

Ciscussion, it was felt that- there sho'.rld be a resonable.--race 

oeriod allowed after which ti:ne Lue crivi-l-eq,-s of pEIA 

renbership rvould be re.,roked. 'f his reasonahl: cer iod o! iir,: 

ccul-d be for as lcnq as six nonths, Ir:'r.:=.rioqnized ihac 

l--he eeonomic situation For sorne ccmpanies.,ras not too qortd 

and'-hat thev mav be hard oressed €or iheir annual dues, 

oarticuIarJ.l' around the first of Llre Tear, The ?race oer iod 

would allow then t-o r,rork out che situation. The actual 

mechanics,:f the system.1re to be worked cut- l:,.r ire ccmnj.h'-ee 

.rnd presented : F- !,he next neet inq .

I 

3 

AWARDS COI.IMITTEE - JOE SMIth 

- ThE 1983 PEIA ACHIEVEI1ENT AI^TAF.D WAS AWATdEd tO BILL BOOTH 

for his lasting contr ibutions to the paraehuting industry 

for achievenents that had stood the test of time. Booth is 

the inventor of the Boobh 3-Ping release s'1stem, F-he hand 

deploy pilotchute, and is the designer of the rrlonCerhog 

harness and container systen. He is also the owner and 

President of t.he Relative Workshop, fnc. Obhers who were 

considered for t-his year's award were Ted Strono' and the 

Iate A1 Levinson. 

TTOTIIIIATING COMMITTEE 

- As the elections of new officers was due at this meetinq, Elek 

Puskas appointed Ron Edwards, Dan Poynterr BiII Booth, anr! 

Ted Strono to serve with him on the nominatino committee. The 

meeting was adjourned for Iuch at l1:lOam. 

Af ter dlscussion among themsel'.'es over lunch, tire fo-Ilowino 

nomlnations were rnade to the nenrbership. 

Chairnan - EIek Fuskas 

Secretar-y - Sandy Reid 

Treasurer - Dick 9aoliello 

Insurance - P.on Edwards 

Technical - John Sherman 

Lynda Forney, the SecretsrY, declined to run for re-election, 

and John Shernan was nominated to fill the vacancy of Technical 

Chairman left by the death of Al Levinson. After discussions 

amono the membership, a vote was held and the ncrnj.nations were 

confirned. 'Ihe above individuals are the PEIA officer s Eor 1983 

IJSPA ]IUSEUII - i4lke Horan 

- Mike Horan, Archivlst for USPA made a presenLation to the PEIA 

membership in reqards the possibility of establishing a 

parachuting museum. This was something l-hat he had been worl:ing 

on for some time. A prospect t'rad ar isen in the Davr-on Ol-rio area 

Eo possibly establish someEhine in conjunction with t-he Aviation 

HaIl- of Fame or another '/enture calleC The Aviation Trail. 

Evidently, the Dayton area is a hotbed of activit-t'in relaticn 

to aeronautical history. Both of the aborre orSanizations 

either ha're or are in the process of establishinq pernanent 

facilities that will cortrav bhe historl'and Ehe de','elopment 

of aviati.on and related activ'ities. Parachutinq, of :ourse 

would fall within the scope,:F either of bhese \.tentures. The 

Citlr Dai't6rn is amking a concerted effcrt bo capitalize on its 

cosition as thre historical center of aviation 4eveloomenl- i:r 

the US, and is more than r'rilli.ng to work rvith inLerested partles 

.nuho ha.re somethinq to of fer. 

l{oran detailed the v'ar ious contacts that- ha had establisheri anC 

suqgested that ?EIA snd'or USP.A ccnts-ribute towards '-he ef.€crt.

USPA |\lt.rSEUll - ccnt. 

-1- 

Tlre idea was cl iscussed anti questions asked 

rnotion was nade bv Dan Po.,'nter as Follows; 

"PEIA expresses its intent to ttrke prrt in lli.ke !{or.:n's 

Dayton Yuseum crooosal to some exl--ent. rte ,'lu thor ize 

:{orln to mainEain lines o€ corrmunieations r-c that en.l . " 

DZ OPERATORS SEI,IINAR - ]IiKe Truffer 

PEIr\ BANIIER 

a fter which a 

- :4ike Truffer presented a tooic l-hat he had been stud..'inc 

for some time. This was the idea LiraL PEII haC ,zesteC 

interest in seeing that as nany Drop Zones succeed as possible. 

It went wir-hout savinq that the more srrccessful the DZ (./as 

the nore skvdivers there wouid be anC congec:uenl-17 t--he mcre 

equlpnent that would be manufa:r-ureC and sold. To t:5is end, 

Truffer proooserl that PEIA lond its business exDertise.end 

host a OZ OPerators Seminar, The purpose of this would be 

to assist DZ Operators in lear;linl how Lo propeElir 1unu,r" 

their operation:1 s a Frofsssionai t-rrisiness:n,i hopefull-.r 

make it i profitab-Le venLure. 

Sverlzone agreed tiat t h is :oncecL ,as I wortl-';h i I.: i.jea .rr,l 

be was encourage'J to continue his sErrdv ':nd L() nai

CLEANING PARACHUTES - conE. 

-5- 

volunteered to look into the matter and to reporE back at 

the next rneeting. 

At this point, with no further business, the meeting was 

adjorned at 3:25pm. 

The next scheduled neeting will be held at the US lratlonal 

Championships in ltuskogee, Oklahoma in JuIy. Aetual date 

and Eime to be advised at a lat.er date. 

PEIA Wlnter Ueeting Januar,l L3, 

LIST OF ATTENDEES: 

Dan Poynter 

Elek Puskas 

Dick Paoliello 

Ron Edwards 

Troy Loney 

B.J. Holtgrewe 

Sandy R. Reid 

J. G. tlilden 

Ted Strong 

Mike Truffer 

14ike Furry 

Lucia Furry 

George Harris 

BilI Booth 

John Shernan 

King l{orton 

Mike tloran 

Duncan Grant 

I983 , Alexandr ia, \/a. 

Para Publishing 

Para-Fllte Inc 

Continental Air Sports 

Sational Parachute Supply 

Omni Parachute Supply Corp 

Omni Parachute Supply Corp 

Westgaard Parachute Inc 

The Annex fnc 

Strong Enterpr ises 

Aerogr aohics 

Django Enterprises Inc 

Django Enterprises Inc 

George G. aarris Corp 

Relative lilorkshop 

The Jump Shack Inc 

USPA 

USPA 

LSPA

jj-:t-8i 

lil l,\ lj I \ ,\ \ (. I s 

Hcg lrrn irrg Btr l;rncc' 

Ilcrbr.rslrirr [.ccs ( jJrjrrttI 

)ltsc. Incorne 

i-tr1,-*.- rilti i.i[ !,cts 

Rirrdr.r \tlvcrtisrng 

to t,\ t_ I \coltt 

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tr,.'l(l(r i,ll 

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(:ll(.r1. 'io. ll!) thru l()., 

\ircrt ising 

\L.hs l.etters, Ilail inqs, I'ost;rq1, 

Lt'qr I 

\k ('t ing Rtronr: ii [tr rln.. rs 

iicserr.:h ((, L,rnsuIt ing 

llsl'\ Affii iut icrrr lrcr'.. 

\n.rrds [i Cert if icirtt's 

Re irrntls 

:,i)es iitl 0ccu-ss itrns 

Frrrl r.hirrges 

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2,180.70 

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PARACFIUTE EOUIPI4EIIT ITIDUSTRY .ASSOCIATIOII 

TlFIB gRS 

The Advenhure Loft 

2552 Valley View Lane 

DalIas Tx 75234 

2I4 ,,/21L-47 83 

John. Stanford 

Aero Craphics 

Box I89 

Deltona FL 32i25 

l.like Truffer 

Django Enterpr ises 

2148 Jol..n Glenn Dr ive 

Chamblee GA 30141 

4O4,',458-2024 

itike Furry 

Butler Parachute Systems 

P O Box 796 

Gecrget,own TX 78526 

5L2 i863-o062 

i4anJ.ey Butler Jr. 

The Chute Shog 

tJ.,ay 2o2 

Flenington \'1,1 08822 

20t ,'7 82 -51 33 

John t{igg ins 

Ceorqe G. Harris Ccrp 

1I0 So. Bedford P.d 

:'1 t. Kisco llY 10549 

9t4,/24r-331 4 

George C. Harris 

KeIIt'gear 

I5585 ilarshall 

Elsinore CA 92330 

lLt /',6'7 4 -5380 

:4ax & Diane KeIly 

i4cEIfish Parachute Serr/ 

2615 Love Field Dr , 

Dallas TX 75235 

214',351-5343 

ilarold )lcElf i sh 

llational Fara Suopll/ Inc 

P C Box 1000 

F lori nnl-nn r'!,1 nnn22 

zuL/ i3z-L6q6 

Ron ldwarCs 

The Rh'Shop 

R.eute I3 

Brookl.ine llH C303: 

6t)t,\tJ-f,JD/ 

Dcn lle'/er 

Ccntinental Air Sport.s Inc 

Il3 So. Monroe-Sidinq noad 

;(enia, oH 45184 

5L3//37 6-4344 

Diek Paoliello 

D.J, Associates 

811I So. Zero Str 

Fort Smith AR 72903 

30L,',452-3987 

Don Beck 

The Altitr-:de Shoo fnc 

927 Tennessee Str 

\/allejo CA 94590 

tV//D4l-l5LL 

John Randall 

nmni Drrrahrrtso qrrnnl 

8008 Tlrd Sve #10 

Thornton CC 80229 

303/',778-r350 

Tro!'Lonev 

'r f-arn 

Hamilton s 'dill P,c. 

1 1?1 4rrohcc Str - Ste 9I50 

Denver CO 80207 

3O3 //32I-2225 

J. Scott-Samilton, Esq. 

The Jump Shack Inc 

29106 Grand River Ave 

rarminnFnn Fli l I ItI 48024 

313 ,'47 8-6066 

John Sherman 

P3rachute Associates Inc 

P O Box 8lI 

Lakewood NJ 08701 

201/,351 -1i13 

l'iarren Eichorn 

l"tidwest Parachute 

22'7 99 He sl io 

:.trovi 14I 48050 

313 /349-2105 

Tcm Campeau 

ReIati're ilorkshoc Inc 

'i 

?2q \- Lc'rircl-nn.\Ve 

Deland ?L 32,1 20 

904 /735-i389 

BiLI Scoth 

Paracraft Inc 

P I 3ox 365 

,tr?O, l.lianj. tL -r1C0B 

ic,hn Br: sson 

DAR Enterprises 

P O Box 3044 

lJewport Beach CA 92663 

714-657-l_t 0t 

Don Rumble 

The Annex Inc 

P O Box 1657 

DeLand lL 32120 

904,,,734-546.1 

Jay HiIden 

rl .C. security Para. Ine 

P O Box 3096 

San Leandro eA 94578 

1L3,,',357 -4130 

John Brunner 

Gua rCian Parachutes 

34-i2 So, Susan SEreet 

Santa Ana CA 92704 

,-I4,/331 -8A32 

D.rn Abbott 

Coa ted Sa le s I nc 

P O Box BI8 

ParIin :lJ 0?859 

20t i 27 -9500 

Earnest GlanLz 

-Dara-Phernalia Inc 

14503 ledar Grove Rd SE 

Issaquah llA 98027 

206,',392-933 4 

Lunda Forney 

Picneer Parachute Co. 

Ploneer Industr iaI Park 

:,!anchester CT 06040 

2A3,/6t4-i58I 

J im llowr 1- 

Putnam MiIls Corp 

:19:'iest 37Eh Str 

llee, Ycrk, )lY 10013 

212'221-0100 

Sidn,ol/ KaoIan 

?ara Publi-shino 

P C .3ox 4232-219 

Santa 3arbara CA 9-1103 

Dan Pevnter 

-rara-bIlre Inc 

:300 llaqnolia A','e 

?ennsauken:lK C31C9 

1'),t las-La, ) 

r-lek ?'tsl-r;:s

I'IEI4BERS - cont. 

Sky Tech Inc 

7270 Engineer Rd Ste.10 

San Diego CA 92111 

Arthur & Linda Tucker 

Strong Enterprises 

LL236 Satellite BIvd 

OrLando FL 32809 

3o5 /859-93L7 

ted SErong 

U.S. Parachute Assoc. 

1440 Duke Str. 

Alexandria VA 22314 

7 03/836-3495 

Alan Ring 

Para-Gear Equipment Co 

3839 W. Oakton Str 

Skokle IL 6Q076 

3L2/67 9-5905 

Lowell Bachman 

Sungod Enterprises Ltd 

1240 Bromley Drive 

Fayettesville NC 28303 

919,/868-6816 

Bill Matthews 

Joe Smith Para Sales 

POBox39 

Lewisberry PA 17339 

1L7 /938-5330 

Joe Smith 

I"estgaard Parachute Inc 

31571 Coast Hwy 

South Laguna CA 92617 

714//499-4588 

Sandy Reid

From the SecretarTrs Desk: 

I 

\ 

After being eleeted Secretart'of PEfA, I sat down and thouqht Just 

what thaE position entailed. Besides documentin.r the business of 

the organization, I felt that oerhaps oEher news and ideas shoul

Pmrufiuh huffisnt Inilushy fissnuiatinn 

An Alfillat. ol lhr Unitqd Slrlr! plrachul. ats )r:rarlon 

14{0 Duke Stre€|. Alexandria, vA 22314 (703) 83G3495 

PARACEUTE ?ECENTCIANI S UPDATE CO!{TERENCE 

June 30 - July 3, 1983 

MUSRGEE, OKALHO!,IA 

The 1983 PEIA Parachute Teehnlclanrs Update Conference will be heltl 

this year ln conjuncElon witb thd US National Paraehuting Charnplonships 

ln lluskogee, Oklahona. June 30 - July 3, dates coineide wlth the Boogie 

portlon of; Ehe. Chanpionshlps. 

Thig trill be the third year that PEIA has eponsored this event. Last 

yearrs event sasfelt to be a very worthwhile semLnar but due to a 

Iaelt of sufflclent advance publiclty, only about half the number of 

people werq there as compared to the flrst year. Of these, many of 

the people vers tttose rho are actively involved in the industry. 

Indivlduals rho can beneflg the nost frorrt thls progam, the local DZ 

Rigger,, lrere not in at,tendance. 

Tlris year ts trpea to bc' the best organized and best attended event 

of, its, tlirp€ ev€r held., ?here'rill be a reglstratlon fee eharged and 

a thtee ringr binder given to those rho reglster so tha+- they wlJ-l 

have a prop€r package to.put all Ehe packing ingtructlcns and manuals 

lnEo. Af,ter the feedback front last years geminarT many of the particlpants 

felt that tEere could have been more depth to some of, the 

subJeets eovered. Als the semi-nar lasted from 9:00am until 7:3Opn. 

ft was t.herefore felt that lf there was to be more depth and the 

participation lncreaeed. iE. rculd bc better to sbretch this year's 

conference out over several tlays. Ae you ean 6ee from the schedule 

belorr, thlg has bcen done. Also tt is planned to hold the conference 

to fiue or slr ho6r sessionsr !o that sone of the partieipants can 

get Junpe in at ttre Boogle. We eneourage all the PEIA members to 

apread Ehe word to as many people as possible so that re have a good 

turnout for thls event. For thos€ riggers who are serious about their 

worlt, this ls a golden opportunity to neet many of Ehe manufacturers 

and designers and to ask them gueseions about their produets. This 

year's Parachute Technlcianrs Update Conference promises to be hhe best 

event of its kind ever held. Donrt miss it. 

t***i 

June 30, 1983 at 8:00an; 

July I, 1983 at 8.00am: 

TENAfIVE SCHEDULE 

- Rules, Bulletins and,/or Safety 

AADs, Altltude indicators - Testing 

and Maintenance 

Tools and Sewinq 14achine maintenance 

- Main Canopies

Tenative Schedule - cont. 

July 2, 1983 at 8:00am: - Reselre Canopies 

July 3, 1983 at 8.00am: - Harness and Containers 

*****

SEP 1 3 I9B2 

September 10f 1982 

Hamilton & Hill, P.C. 

Attorneys rt Law 

frrcticc Limrral ro Avrerron I rw 

Suitc 9l(0 

S(apl.ion H:rr (Xfire Burldinj 

) )JJ Qucb< Srr< 

Denver, Cohrrjo t0!Ci 

(-r0ll J?l-i::5 

1 .i(-'cTT HArrlLroN 

OLANE VURIEY 

\TILLIA!!I'!HITE 

c, c-oLNs€L 

UCF{ARD H. HILI- 

F. TI{EODCARE HLNTER 

Parachute Equlpnent Industry Association, fnc. 

c/o Ylt. Ron Edwards, President 

National Parachute Supply, Inc. 

P.o. Box 1000 

47 East Main Street 

Flenington, New Jr:rsey 08822 

Dear Ron: 

Scott has asked me to review the Avemeo Products LiabiLity policy 

which you foruarded to us dith vour letter of AugusL 27, 1982, 

The pollcy appears to be a good one, and one that'rre would recornmend. 

l{e do not need to reiterate the need for products liability insurance 

which you and ot.her PEIA mernbers have already recognized. We 

wiIl aLso not addres!r ccmpetition within the insurance industry, 

or premiun rates for the varlous products liability policies 

avallable. Avemco is certainly a prominent and reputabl.e conpany, 

specialized ln the insurance neeCs of the aviation community, and 

're have no reason not to recommend them highly. l,lith that in 

mind, we ÎIII point, out a few items in r-he policy which are oE 

particular slgnif icance. 

The first Item concerns the limits of Iiability. Insurance, as 

lve all know, is somewhat of a gamble and few of us can afford to 

be insured for the vrorst posslble consequences. A one nill.ion 

dollar limit oE llablllty may be adequate for menbers with limited 

exposure, buE it is probably not adequate for the other members. 

You wll.I note that the policy linit applies to coverages A anC B 

indivldually (bodily lnjury and property damage), and is also the 

'.otal poJ-icy limit for coverages A, B and C (grounding) combined 

a?9regaCe. Furthermore, the Iimit.s of Iiability apply for ' the 

:ntire golic:f pericd. In other wcrds, as essentially specified 

under "LimiEs of Liability" on page 2 of the poJ.icy, a one million 

dollar pol icv for a one-vear oeriod qives ',fou a total of one

Parachute Eguipment Industry Associ.rtionr Inc. 

September 10, L982 

Page TVo 

milllon dollars coverage for the entire year. Al though the policy 

Iirnit applies only to amounts which you become tegally obligated 

to pay others as danages, and does not incLude the coit of legal 

,lefense which Avemco 1s obligated to provide, a single accident 

within the poliey year courd easily resul t in one rnillion clollars 

in Carnages, exhausting the policy limits for the enLire year. 

As 1n virtually alI insurance policies, products Iiabllity and 

othervrise, Ccndition 13 on page 4 of the policy emphasizes the 

importance of a compleEe and aceurate application. Avemco is 

issuing the policy based on data provided by the applicant in the 

Applicatlon and Risk Analysis, and nay deny:overage if the applicant 

conceals or misrepresents any materlal fact. It is thereEore 

extrernely lmportant Eor coverage purposes that pEIA members provide 

a EuIl and accurate description of Eheir products in the application. 

This description of the named insured's products apFears as iten 

f3 on the Polley Data Page, and is essentiaily the basis Eor 

coverage in a products Iiability policy. In that yorr and ohher 

PgIA members are involveC with some non-aviation products in 

addir-ion to aircraft products, the policl' s11eu16 contain a speciEic 

entlorsenenE, such as your endorsement PLE-21 (I2-80), extending 

coverage t.o include non-aviation products. 

As with any insurance policy, the Exclusions should be reviewed 

c.losely. Exclusion 117 regarding punit.ive damages is of oarticular 

eoncern, and can significantJ.y conrpl icate Iegal proceetJings and 

Ehe relationship between Avemcrr and the insured. 

whereas :omgensatcry damages can l're awarded in produets I iabiJ, i ty 

cases on the basis of strict liabiLiEy, without any neglioence or 

mlsconduet on the part oE the manuEacturer or supplier of a product-, 

punlt.ive damages are awarded onIT for intentional nisconrluet, 

fraud or reckless disregard for an injured person's safety. 

Compensatory damages are designecl to cornpensate the injured person 

for actual damages, but punitive d.-rmages are intended to punish 

the wrongdoer and need not. bear any actual relationship t.o the 

injuries, Because o€ Ehe underlying social F,heor], of punishment, 

many staLes prohibit payment of punitive darnaqes by insurance Ecr 

public policy reasons. Exclusion *17 in youE policy is typicaJ., 

but can indeed result. in complications and should be oiscussed 

!r i th Avemco . 

lf 

PIA 

l-ho 

is not,-rncommon in a personal i.njur'/ case for'-i:': injtlgqd 

intiEf to inclucle a clain fcr e,rniF-i'/e,lamages. In such':ase, 

insurance company "riI1 have a:r)ntract'ral oblic,rtron l-c le!--nci 

I

Parachute EqulPment Industry Association, Inc- 

September 10' I982 

Page Three 

the lnsurerJ against claims Eor congrensar-or!'riam.rges, [ruL 'silI not 

be obligated Eo defend against Lhe ':1aim for punitive damages. 

Typically, the insurance company wil'I defencl the insured againsL 

the entire action under a reservation of rights, with potential 

recourse against the insured. The insurence cornpany tvill not cay 

any award of puniEive darnages, and nay al'so charqe F-he insured 

for those costs of legal defense direcLly attributrble to the 

punitive damages allegations. AL l-lre inception of lrtigation' 

the insurance company will also typically advise the insured to 

ret.ain his own counsel to protecc the insurecl's interests againsc 

the puniEiva danages allegations. ?EIA should therefore Ciscuss 

the handling of punitive damages claiins "vith 

Avemco, and obtain a 

LeLter of understanding regarding Avemcors oirligation F-o def end 

an action involving claims for bcttr ccmpensatorl/ and punit-ive 

damages. 

In the tield of products tiability insrlrance' the insurer and 

:.nsured need to work together more so Ehan in cthe-r fields of 

insuranee. It is an area in which.e long term' continued relationship 

between the Same insured and insur.tr can be ,-dvanta(leouS t_o both, 

in decreasing potential products hazards and establishing realist.it: 

premlurn rat,es based on clains history and exposure - In F-h!s 

regard, you should note Coaditions I and 4 on page I oi ine policy. 

Condi tion 3 autlrorlzes Averflco t,o inspect the insured' s preni:es 

and audit Ehe insured's books and r-occrds. irorn a posir-i'"re pornl 

of view, t-his enables Avernco to share their knowleCge with the 

insured and offer suggestions for itnprcving prcduct safety. It 

is not uncommon for products liability insurance representati'r,rs 

r'-o spend a constderable amount oiE-lrne at the facilities of rajor 

manufacturers whom they insure. A,Jgressive insurarlL'e conpanles 

can play a verY active role in impro'ring '::verall pro'iuct safetl"" 

and FefA should discuss thls natter leith -:\ve'nco to jetermine r--itr: 

role Avemco intends to PIaY. 

Condltion 4 se!-s f orr-h lhe insured's duties in the e"'ent of an 

occurrence (accident) . r-'Iaim or Iawsuit. The insured [ru.-ct oa:/ 

cLose attenEit>n to these duties, and comply with them, cr covers(ie 

may be 1ost. The f irst thing the. insured must do is iloti.f y ,\7enco, 

of any occurrence, claim or Iawsuit imnredi,..tely, and_ if the insured 

has any doubb as to',rhetirer or not a certain event shoul'l be 

report_.d he should alrravs err on Ehe sirie oE notifling Avelncc. 

pEIA should also discuss Averilco's i;rvestigatic.n .clans ,ith F-h.::1 t 

iE-is 1n =ve.1'one's bes! interest-s t--hat Avenr:o prr-'rnp:17 i.nves:.Jabe 

anir accident involvinll an insureC's produc:, and F-hey lre 'roi-- 

i ikeJ.y prepared to do so.

Parachute Equipment Industry Associati >nr Irc, 

September l-0 , l9B 2 

Page Four 

Another significant aspect of Condition 4 i:; Lhe insured's clutv 

to promptly take alI reasonable steps, at tlre i.nsured,s expens!, 

to correct any suspected generic problems. For example, if an 

lnsured suspects a i'rad batch of nat-erial, ov tf one accident 

indlcates a possibly faulty design of some particular cotrlponent, 

the lnsured may have Eo recall the product from the rnarket or 

take some other steps to remedy the sir,uati,rn tc Dr--vent cLher 

accidents regulting frorn the same !.roduct. defect. If the lnsured 

ever has reason to suspect any generic product defect, he simply 

must noCiEy Avencc and prcmptly take aII reasonable steps to 

remedy the defecE. If lre does not:lc so, exposure will certainly 

increase drarnatically and alI coverage under the poii:y may be 

Iost. 

As a last :,uggestion, the insuretJ ,nust understan,l what ceverage 

is not av.ril:ble under Avemco's Pr.ducts Lia.riIit-y p,rlicy, and 

make sure t.hat he has eCe.luate coverarle Eor those risks not covered. 

For examD -e, hhe pol icy does not cover in juries to the insure.'l' s 

ernployeef which worrld be ccvereil rtnder a iiorkman's ilonlpensation 

policy. Likewise, tne policy does not c,)ver ilamage tc the prcducl-- 

itself, or damages r,osulting from a prcduct,lefect';hieir occur,)n 

the ins rred's oremises. Other ri-,:ks are also not ,--overed, and 

the irr:ur9d shoul,l perirrC:.ca1ly review his total insur:nce neecls 

wi'-h a competent broker or other atlvisor. 

I 

Ix slnmary, Avenco's Products LiabiliEy policy appears to be a 

goo,i one, and one we would recomnend to FaI\ menbers. Cer:ainly 

rnogir if not a.11, PEIA members slro',rId c,rrr)'some poiicy of prcducts 

I j r..: iI ity insurance . 

rf the Association has any furiirer- quesLions on t:tis cr alty oEher 

; atter, olease Eeel ,rel-come to (:aI ! )r rriie Scott ')r :le. 

Sincerely, 

HAMIL'ION e HrLL, f.i. 

tzl/ 

,'12"r a:dr6- 

!Ii. lI iam ilhit:e 

rrr/./ :fcf

Jan ua r'.' t i 

Para-FIlce, Ioc. 

580 llegnolla .\venue 

Pennsaukerr, ):i taIC9 

iEtn: 

Dear Elek: 

ELeL Jr;kas 

SUBJECT: STUOtNT RAM-AtR CAltOzti5 iiiD l'RA't'ut.] t111,i;r,li':li 

At the USPA Boarct cf Directors Meeting rn Los .\n!ele", -ri if,;rtta tn September 

1982 a foposal was made to:h? Safsty rno irrining Jc:rmrii,ee !hll l'-hlnqe )e 

made to uspA Doctrine. Ihe proposa I xas r.hat UspA shou lo ,,recorrilenc :o I I l 

USPA instructors, ano affiliated center', the use ci a l3r9g, icciie, r3m-tir 

canopy rhich hrs been properly tested rnd certifieu for str!ic-lin: lno novice 

use. In conjunction with an apprDVed tander;'r hdrness/conlainer:)5tem, ts t-he 

appropriate equlpment lo be used b,v novic: plracn,u! j',:!."ihe ;rjr,rsal renl rn 

to recqrtend thdt USpA, in con".unction ?llir 2EIA, ''.est tnd:er:rfy" 

raD-arr 

canopleS and ancillary equipnrent. lt,r'lso sugoesti:u thr! tll rnstrucIors 

qualify as ram-air riggers anc serve rn,lpp|.entta.lsntp rt r irog z3np 

currentl, instructtng novices in the use of .am-,t)r :jnr)9i.:s l-'l,riic line rnd 

free fall). 

AS a ner1ber of the USPA 5afety ,rnd Tralrt r/rg Cc;;rlltee tfr,.i :! l'r'l:lp),-.7ee of r 

major plrachute manufaCLurer involveo in leveioping. r-.?(:)n1, lxri.iJrkecrng 

parachutes (both round .tno ron-a rr 'LJpe|I . i ras r11.lUa5 re,J 5_r :nr : I i 

Conrnittee ro investigate the conceot of ro,rrce trdrnrnq !n ine rsp ir rdnr-trr 

paraChutes. In i.he PdSt iee f,:orrLhs I r:,e -,ptnr, I -r)ii::':er];...1 :rn\lunr.3f 1i11;1, 

rorking along these lines, includrng trarnrnq I number cf ncvice Jurngers 

r-o 

use ram-!ir pardchutes. As a result of tnii rorx and r'ti rliher e\tensive 

pracLiCal erperlence ln instructine stuoenls dno novice junpL.rs:s xell as 

infonnatlon and opinlons gleanec fiom lengthy Ciscussioni 'rjth other qualif ierl 

Personnel, I arrived at 3everdl concl,.lsrlns. Ihey are rS t'Ol i,:wS: 

l, flOst :ny no'/tce Citn Dil tlutinl lo i i-r r .tn-l ti L! trlr,:'\,/i.o .r r-h :!e -rrtper 

r-raining. 

2. A great nurnber of j,rmomdstprs lnd !nsi:-uctcrs lre'/,t.._. llly,r,t,rljf j:o !o 

instruct novices jn the proper use of rain-air par,!chuies. 

3. As ras mentioned in the backqround m,rterial acccrnpan_vtng :he Jroposd I xld,Je 

tO the S L I,jcr,rnit.-ee, rot tll -rm-lir:rjf lcrur,a3 .;.rr;.)\'.rilg .)..t)lr:?,r3-l 

lfo!hing too suroli sing in ln' :f '.rres,e :-rr:lu-)r,)-.,. ,r.tr ..tr_, .tl t3, .,:lr,,t,; 

jumoing xe hotl ir) have iif \y .tr m{)r9 .,r,ro.i ,n tr;i,. : : rii:rei '-j ::o ! 

Ptra-Cofrna:rOer. iooajr:n,lnt Jr:t IOn,tS :r'.:.)._- -,-',1::ir.l ,. itt..:, ';: t 

2C's. A loi ,tf toowleC?etble )aorje )e':./.1 :'re .,:-' '.r ; ,,1' ,r''., r,i. 

"5quares". ,Just lS vil-r l'-r'!e ,:, rll :ni'- ;., ",q.1'Jrrr.i \r t- . .1:-',, ',.1r: 

pflce iS lhe trrtper:qur!.il.pnt lr,t :n.. r- ..,,. .-lr. : -: : ,?. j. -.t,.t .- 

;'..,!rUCtor. '1'r r1:,1p '1,.,i'. -, -r

-]4, - ji '' 

one become proper ly qua I I f ied?. 

trrining?'. I do not, Intend to 

and 'llhlgf.ctnopy should bc 

dcrf. rl]f,flt* problcr of, rF 

to oropcrly use r rln-alr 

uta'tt thlsY 

refltiii, -"; 

Instructors to teach novfces hor 

tim€. Hhat I rlll do is make a fer reccmlidatlons rs to 

deslrerble features of ran-rir canogfes uscd for trrlnlng tt=oy{fC.:,,Jfqlnr 

. . 

l. So[t, glegn-gpgninqs--rs ltttle tendency torrrd end-cell closure. 

as possrble anci "comfortable" oDening shoek, but not ten second strecrs 

elther. Obviously, rel iabi I ity is of parrmunt inportance.l :- r, -;-i-'ii, i/. ' . . :1 

?. LlJht toaqle prqslure--gettlng some novlces to respond to 

s|eerlnginstrffin6ughrithoutthenhavlngtostrugg|eto 

oake the canopy turn or flare. 

3. -for adequrt€ but not 

ure of tlolng. thc- flare and 

so as not tc a 

oss-the-ground:lpaad'tt lor 

eltlturlc- 

.?.re! -'ir:, 

4- Slor rate of descent--garttllly a result of 

rhc rerult ot @r$hrtt&..the 

siee otcons 

idered. 

5. ooclle handlinq chrrtctcrlltlds--the cenop i'id 

dlme.. in aactffilrerble to ":4 

iniurv injury if the novlce executes l r turn clos+to the qround ground 

ll.^ I 

chiraZterlstlcs should not be radlcal, abrupt or riarnlng. .' ',r,-d.r'1.;.,.-*i ': 

6. Slmple brale relerse/sttcrlnt systerF-. dcslgn thrt lc rrllable 

and easy for a 

d that rllt not ;.r,. 

acc ldental Iy release during deployment 

1 

t. 

need to learn 

should be able to obtaln a manual, read tt and follor the 

mlniown of instructor asslstance 

ercesslve fora 

'*hat I rould like you to do nor is conslder my reconmendatfons regariing the 

characteristics of a suliable novlce ranr-rlr parachute and send ilp tny 

thoughts, ldeas, opinions, and suggestions that you n.y heve on the subJect to 

me. If you are a oanufacturer of raralr paraehutes, plcase r:cmnnd any of 

your products thrt night be suitable for the purpose of trrlnlng novlces to 

fly run-air parachutes. Please Includc any products thtt )ou nanufacture or 

prevlously rnanufactured that rould t{OI be sultable for the novlce rarrlr 

crnopy pllot. If you have any ldeas regardlng inproving trrlnlng atiods (le 

rellrble radlos such rs single frequcncy Fl radlos, ground panel3, trrlnlng 

rlds etc) please feel free to sand thenr along rlso. Hor rould ;mu go rbout 

qurllfylng Instructor3 to teach ram-lir plrachute use to novlcesi Plcase 

lnclude any ideas you might hrve on that subject also. 

Since soila of you receivlng thls letter rre Involved dlreetly-ltt-'the prrrchute 

lndustry and nay be concerned about rtrrdgsecrets', 'conflicts orf fntcrest' 

and the llke, olease make me arare of thls and we can trv to work sonnthing 

out. lhe purpos€ of this proJect ls to prooote slydlvlng. lf rc crn nale lt 

easler for a novice to learn lo skydive safely and progress ture rapldly. 

everyone Involved in the sport could beneflt. frm tndividual junpers tr/drop 

zone operators lnd equipment manufacturers.. j IFPA: Thanls for your 

rssistance. 

,r-7 *' 

,fr;,t - 

-'i'f a 

.'^.f 

'' 

/ j 

- "?J e..- 

.- ..',!',:: I 

t i 

J I'{ ilUIRr Y 

'J{PA SAF:IY t lRAlnlllc C0tr.!lTlEE 

\LRtfr€i.. ;'-r)NF:.i['tcE DIRtcIOR 

../ 

./,t.?v

I 

AEROSPACE 

STANDARD 

AS BorsA 

Supersedlng AS 8015 

60 CCHqoNWc&tx onry€ waltlEFo^Ll n rs6 lslurd 9-L-16 

Flevised 9-30-8 2 

HINIMTIU PEFfOR!{ANCE STANDARD FOR PARACEUTE 

ASSEHBLIES AND COI{PONENTS, PERSONNEL 

Thls speClflcEllon definas r-be mininum perfornanee standards for parsonneL 

parachute asscrnblles to be carried ln aircraft or Horn by parachueists foE 

rnar9ency use. 

l. SCOPE! Thls speclflcation covers two typ€3 and three ueight/sPeed cate3orieg 

carrying Pa!acbuee assenblies : 

of personnel 

t. I Tvpes: 

I.l.l 

Reserve parachute assembly (the tern reser\re and auxiliary are used 

synonymously). 

1.1.2 htcrgency P.lschuta assernbly. 

1,2 HelqhE/Sgeed Ranqes: The we!9hts and speeds :!e naximum for each caLPgc(y. 

I.2.1 Cateqorv A: 90 kg (I98 lb),/130 knots 

L.2.2 Cat.eqorv Br 115 kg (254 Ib) / 150 knols 

1.2.3 Q!gjor)!-.]i3 ll5 kg (25{ lb)/I79 knoE3 

2. DEFINITIONS: 

2.1 F.eserve Perachute Assemblt: A parachr:te assembly shi.ch is worn in 

ccnjunction Hirh a nain parachuie assenibly used for ?renedita:ed jumps. 

2.2 !,lain Parachute Assernblv: A parEchut.e assembly, excluding the harness' that 

is uSed In conjunetion ?ith a reserve Perachute assenbly as Ehe primary 

parachute assanbly (Ehe one ineended for use) for a premeditaEed jump. 

sAE Technrcat BoErd rulat provrdc lhal: All lechnrcal re0od3, rncludinq standerds aooroved and graclrces tecomireôeo. 

a,J iori$ty only. 

I lhert usa by governm?nlal aqencres 

,l ,i,-riilrv. r;jri 

rccomm?nct.d Draclrc!. ano no commttment 

""i,iJ,v to conlorm to of 

add e99tovlng technrcal reDorls lh? 

goard aoolv ?o lhc suDlect matter' Pro3Fct,v€ 

users ol tht rgpod rt 

ebrlrtv lor Infrrnoement ol and 't3 

Commrtlae! 

oalerlis 

Cooyrrgnt l?82 Sooety of Aulomotivc Eogrn"ers. Inc 

All .rOhtS re9erued 

P:'nrearnUSA

AS oorsA 

2.3 Tandro Parachute Assenblv: A parachute assenbly having a rese(ve and a naln 

parachute, sto$ed separately, but in conpartments on the same slde of tbe 

bodY. 

2.4 E:rerccncy Perachute Assemblv: An emergency narEchule assembly worn for 

energency, unpreneditated use cnly. 

2.5 General: For purPoses of this specificatlon a parEchute assenrbly normally 

consists of seven najor conponent3: 

I. Crnopy (lncludes suspenslon Iines) 

2. DaploFnant device (sleeve, bag. or equivalentI if used 

3. Pllot chute (including bridLe), if used 

{. Rlset(6), lf used, wben not integral uiLh hErness and/or canogy 

5. StovBge container (pack) 

5. Earne.!! 

1. Priinary acEuation device (ripcord as::ernbly or equlvalent) 

l. !.IATERIAL AND'rlORKl,lANSItIP: 

l.I 

Materlals end sorknanship shaII be of a qualir-y yhich Cocumented experience 

and/oc t:egts have conclusively denonstrated r-o be sui|-able fcr ehe 

nanufacture of parachutes. A1l mat.erials shall renain [uncr-icnel fcr 

sr-orage and use from -40" to +93.3'C (-40'io +200oF)" All plated ferrous 

parls shall be treated to mtnimize hydrogen enbrittlement. 

4. DETAIL REOUIFX}4ENTS: 

{.1 Desiqn and Construction: 

{.1.1 Fittlnqs: AII fit.t.ings shall be desloned to suDDort the .roof loeds 

sgectfied 1n Cbe applicable specificatios, Crawing. standard, €tc. , 

without yielding. 

1.1.2 Stitchinq: St.ltching shall be of a:1pe that vill noE ra'.'ei Hhen Droken. 

{.L.3 

Prlmarv Actuation Devlce/Ri"cord: Tha primari actuation devrce,/ripcord, 

including joints beteeen the bandle and rhe release, shall slChstand the 

rest loeds o! 4.3.1 elthout fallure and shaIl, meet:he Eunetional 

requisenenCs ol 4.3.2. The actuation grip shall be located so as:o 5e 

readily visibl,e and accessiblt. 

{.1.{ llerness Release: The harness shall be so ccnstructed:hat the rider can 

seParaEe himself frcm the canopy and/'or harness assembly ,tn:iJed. 

4.1.5 Main Canopv Release? A guick raleasinq device be:ween:he harness of a 

reserve ?arachute assenb'Iy:nd:ire nain canopy, is ilandaiory.

AS 

8015A 

4.2 Ie4_bg: ExcepE !s noted belor, the folloving informaElon shall be legibly 

and permanentty narked on each najor conponent in a locaLion subject to a 

nininum of obllteretion. 

- P!rt number, lncludlng dash numbers 

- YanufacEure!t9 nlne and address 

- Date of manufacture and,/or serlal number 

- iAA TSO-C23C 

- category A, 3' or C plaeards (see eable) 

{.2.1 SEovaae ConEainer: The infornetlon in 4.2 shall be;narked on or 3Etached 

to the ouEside of the parachutc stovage container (pack). In addltion, 

the storege contalner shall be provided wlth a ?rrachute daEa card pocket 

construeted such thet the card vlll nol be Lost but HtlI be readily 

accessible. 

1.2.2 Canopv: In addltion to the above informa!ion. ihe cancPy marking sha!1 

include Ehe c6nopy serial number. 

l-2-3 Prln.ry Actuacion Device/Rlpcord: The Eclloving infornation shall be 

marked on Ehe Primarv Actuation Devi.c-.,/Riocc:d: 

- Pa r t" nutnber , includ ing dash numbe r 

- uanufacturer's idenEif icrtion 

- TSO{23c 

_ Ba!ch or serial numbar, andlor date of :rranuiacture 

l.2.rl 

Document3: The nanufaeturer shall provide all necessar], instructions 

and_/oc manuals. 

4.1 Dualificatton Tests: The folloving mini,num 9er!ornance sr-andards shaLl be 

mei-. There shtll be no failure to meet. any cE ehe requirements durlng the 

qualificaEion tesEs of this seclion. In case ci a failure, the cause must 

be foundp corcected, and:ll affected tescs r"pear-eC. 

i,S.L Riocord Test: The rlpcoril, includinq alI joj-nts betveen r-he hanCIe and 

che release, sha!l not. fail under t straighL:ension:est load of i3l5 N 

(100 lbf) applied fdr no! Iass'-han thr€e stccnds. If the ripcord is Eo 

be s!atle line operated, the ecst shall be 25r-0 N (600 Ibf) fcr not less 

ihan three saconds. The pins, if used, shall n6r- yield under r J5 N 

(8 Ibf) load applied t.o the cable (or.guival?nt) perpendicular to t.h€ 

axis of the pln. Ttre pin shall be sugporr-eC for L3 rur (.5 in. ) maxi;nun at 

the end farthest from t.he cable ateachmen:. 

J.2 ?uII TEst, Primary Ictuation Device,/Rlpacrd: :'eserve ?arechut" assembliqs 

shall be tesled both vi!h the main ccmcar'-nent is) full rnd emptv. 

1.2. L tlunah Frciors: The prirn6ry acl'Jation device sha.Ll :e gcound F-estec b:.' 

use cf a representaeive group of no less'-han five nale and fi.ve famaLe 

subjects. They shall be able Lo functicn --he !ctuaticn device ?iLhout 

any undue dlfficul:y vhile in a suspended harness. The rigccrd :r 

equi.ralan! 3haII be EeaIed for t-hese iests. 

)

AS aotsA 

1.3.2.2 PulI Test: A load AT TBE RIPCORD EANDLE of noe lesE lhsn 23 N (5 lbf) 

(applled l,r thc dlrcctlon giving the lorest. pull Loadl nor more than 

97 N (22 lbf) IAPPLIED IN TI'E DIRECTION GIVING TEE ITIGBEST PULL LOAD 

ttNDER NORUAI, DESIGN OPERATIONSI shall be requlred to cause a posltlva 

and qulck functioning of the psrachute assembly on all tests. A ninimun 

of tan pulL Eests Is required. For chest-type parachute assenblies, the 

ner(irnuE pull shall b4 56 N (15 lbf). 

1.3,-i Compresged Pack and Environmenlal Test: Three droos shall be made to the 

Ioeest appllcable speed phase in {.3.5 except'-hal prior lo the lese the 

parachute easernbly shall be subjected to the coliosing eondlEioning: 

{.3.3.I 

Four hundred continuous hours vith a 890 N (200 lbf) load applied to 

cornprrss the paek. Sirteen hours at 93.3'C (+200"E) wLthour the B-o0 N 

(200 lbf) Ioad. Inrnediat.ely re-apply 890 N (200 lbf) Ioad ilnd st.ebilize 

to anble:r! rnd test drop. 

4.3.3.2 SixEaan hours tE -40"e (-40'F) vithout the 390 N (?00 Ibf) load. 

lrnnediaEely apply 890 N (200 lbf) load and sEabilize tc amblent and !'-?st 

drop. 

l.:.4 

{.3.4.L 

These:ests may be combined uirh 1.1,5 rhen prae:icaL 

Sgenq$_!g_C!: No mate(ial(s) or device(s) '-l::E attanuate shoek loads and 

is not an inteqral parE cf Lhe parachuLe assembly or eomponen! being 

:er,-lfied may be used. Tests nay be eonduc:ed for eir-her r comDlete 

Farechute assambly or ! separate canopy. There shall be no evidenea of 

narerlal, scltch, or functlonal failure thae ?ill effect airvor!hincss. 

:'he sane canopy, harnesg and/or riser shall be used for aII 4.3.4 !ests. 

Ptrachute assemblles may 5e eesced ln aceordance viLh Catagory A, B, or C. 

Parachute Assemblv: Three drogs shali be made with a 135 \g (100 Ib) 

man-shaped dunrny. The "elocity 

of the Curnmy shall be in acccrdance with 

Category A, B, oE C schedule (see Table l). 'Jhere e:sil-v detachable 

harCvare (such as Snap and Ring) ls used to at:ach t'1e canooy or 

riser(s) ta r-he harness a cross aonnec!or must b'e usad ?nC one:est 

shaII be made vith only one attacbmenc engaged !c rpst the cross 

connectol and hardware. 

{.1.{.2 Canopv (AIEernate Lest for 4'3.4.1): Three drops shall be made with a 

suspended eeighE of 135 kS (300 lb) and r'relocity in accordance uiEh 

Category A, B, ot C schedule (see Table I). A Eese 'tehicle (e.9., bonb) a 

may be used. The canopy, deploynent device (if used), a gilot 

chute (if used), :nd riser (s) (if used) shaLI be teseed as : unit. Th. 

riser(s) or equivalent shall be secured to ih€:est 

"thicLe 

in:he same 

nanner:hdt it is intended to !ccach ic F-h4 harnegs. ''Ihere easily 

detachable hardware (such as SnaP anC ?ino) is intended :o :lt::lch :he 

eanogy or risel(s) to th€ Sarness, cne Crcp shall re:ade with onLy cne 

at:!chmene ?nfaqed to Eest the cross ccnnector :nd harCvare.

AS 

9OI 5A 

1.1.5 Functlonal Test (Trristed Lines): A rilininun of five drops shall be rnade 

vich a 77 kg (170 Ib) duruny o: petson. Ttre indicated alr speed aE the 

time of release shaIl be 50 knots. Three tvisIs (350' each) shall 

purposely be packed in the suspenslon Iines adjacent to rhe Iowest 

at.tachnent polnt to the canopy. The paracbute nust- 5e f'rlly open uithin 

four seconds fron tine of pack release, 

1.3,6 Functionrl Test (tlo.rnaI Pack): Ther. shaII be a ninimum of {9 drops fronr 

an aircraft. rith a i7 k9 (170 Ib) dunny or person. The indicated air 

sg.ed a! Ehe tinc of pack release shall be as follows for l-5 drops each: 

50, 85, and ll0 kno':s IAS. In additlon, Reserve Prrachute Asse:nbLies 

shall bc dropped 8'-lmes by breaklng away from an open and normally 

funciionlng main parachutr canopy and releasl,ng Lhe Reserve pack wlthin 

Eeo secondg of the Jreakavay. The grrachu:e .anop:/ nusE 5e fully open 

vit.hin three seeonds fron time of pack rel.ase. These t.esEs na)- 5e live 

jurnps by a 77 kg (170 lb) (min) indtvidual except LhaE at leasE llo dumny 

Crops shail be made at- 50, 85, and I10 knocs lAS. Reserve Parachute 

,rssenbli,eg shall 5€ tasted elth the main comp.rtnent (si full rnd enoly (24 

:ests full). 

4.3.7 9-a:,. of Dgscent Tesr-s: Th?re shall be at least 5 drops, of vhich at least 

I shall be durnny drcps, fron an aircraf! HiF-h a 77 k,l (170 lb) (rnin) 

individual andt/oe dumy. The everage raLe of d€scent sha.LI not exceed 

6.lm (2L it) per second for:h€ last l0m (98 fi) correcEeC to s'.andar.i ses 

le,reI altittide conditions. A nelhod shall be employed Eor direct end 

ac:uraie measurEmeni- of rata cf descent such 3s F-he use cf: reiqhtad cord 

or cabl: by which :he'lesc:ne nay be timed fcr the Iast lom (98 ft) from 

:he tlrne of ground inpact of t.he reighE to 9:ouni impac::f:he dunrny. 

llne osclllation shall noE ex=eed L5o fron the vertical' ?hese tests 'Tav 

5e conblned vith other tests in Ehls section. 

.1.1.8 liue Drop Tests: There shall be a ninimum,tf { i:"e jrcc:ests fron:n 

r!rcraft with an individual ueichlng 77 k9 (Ii0 lrl (?LUs the rei-oht )f 

:fre certificated reser'/e Darachuee assembly). T'ro Crops sha.Ll irciude a 

iree fall of no! more than three secands and:vo droPs shaIl incl:de a 

::ee fall of at. Ieast l5 seconds. These:ests ar:/ be conducied in 

s,:njunctlon yith funct.ion:L and/or rate of Cescent tesl3 shen prac:icaI. 

lTtre user must suffer no signifieant. disconforE f:om the ogening sbock.lnd 

musE be able to disenqace hinself unaided fron Ehe harness after 

landing,) For thls !esc the standard harness nay be altereC:o germit 

attachnent of the cer|-iflcated resarve prrachute :ssembly (1ess harness) 

crovided !hat sueh dlteration does noe interfere ?itb:he nornal cperation 

of r-he parachute assenbly baing tected, Fese(,/e ParachuEe Assenblies 

shaII be :?sted !{lth r-he rain comparr-Fent (s) f,o'-h fuLL lnd erlty. 

3. !!yegiEr,rt_Eiuj:j!.qr!QN:

AS BorsA 

5.1 Parachuta! nay bc guallfled as conplete assenblies or as eomponenEs (e.9., 

Just lhe harness,/conEalner assenbly). Tbe airsorthiness of a paraehute 

as3enbly lncludln.l othcr scparately approved, non-original eomponents ls the 

responrlbll,lly oF Ehe nanufacturrr wbo performs thc certlfying t.ests for t.he 

pa:rchute assernbl'tt. Thc nranufacturer shaLl publish and rnake available a 

Ilst of lnterchangeable conPonenEs whlch have passed -.be following t:sts in 

Sectlon {.3 rhen tested in conJunction vith t.he assenbly or conponent.(s} 

being certlfled. 

5.f .1 Canopy Includln.s_Susrn€ro!__Lbgg: {.1.2, 4.3.3, {.3.{,I {or .1 .3.{.2}, 

4.3.3, {.3.6, 1.3.7, 1.3.8 

5.1.2 Deelo'nrnt Dcvlee: {.3.2, 1-3.3' {.1.,1 .I (or {,1.{.2), 4.3.5 

5.1.3 Pllot Chute (Includlnq Brfdle): {.3,2, 1.3,3, 1.l.t.l (or {.3.{.2), 

1.3.5, {.3.6, 4.3.8 

5.1.4 Stovaqe Contalneg (Pack): tl.3.2t 4.1.3, 1.3.6 

5. I. 5 Harnesg: 1 ,3 . 4 ,1 , 4. 1,6 , 1. 3.3 

PREPARED 3Y 

SAE COI.IHITTEE 3-I; 

-YERGENCY AND S?ORT ?43}C:IUTES

AS sorsA 

TAALE I 

CATEGORY A? B, OP. C SC:{EDULE 

CATEGORY A TEST: 

?lacard: 

ll6 kg (100 

CATEGORY A: 

Ib) aE I50 knots, 

This parachute is 

ro 90 kg (l98 lb,) 

(noc.s. 

'-irit"C:o usP by persons up 

f:Ili'equipped, and up:o 130 

CATEGCPY B TEST: 

P.Lacard: 

CATEGORY C TEST: 

Placard: 

il5 kg il0C 

CATEGORY B; 

I36 kg (100 

CATEGOPY C: 

l5l at 175 knots. 

This carechute is 

ro lI5 k9 (254 Lb) 

I50 knot.s. 

lb) at 23C knocs. 

This parachute is 

:o II5 kg (25{ rb) 

l,-5 knots. 

I inifa/ 

hw -a,, __-_sons lp 

l.rILy +ouioped, and up eo 

llmi.ied to use by persons up 

iuI),Y eq'tiP,Pe'l 

' and uP t) 

SPEEDS AFE GIVEN IN 1EAS, \N'D ARE iNTE:JDED 1'' ?,8 AT PACK OPENING,

Corporetlon 

3d10 South $tsan Street 

Sanla Ana. Calitornia 92704 

(7.|4) 556-7400 

nvx 910-595-2801 

25 Jan 83 

Dear Dealer: 

Enc'losed is an alert that is to be made availdble to owners 

of the FXC Model 12000 Automatlc Actlvatlng Device from 

Seria'l Number 3370 thru 4933. 

Those units which have a metal hose assembly and have not 

been serviced at FXC Corporation need to get the hose clamps 

Installed on their units. 

If your customers have any questions or require any further 

inforrnationr please have them contact Mr. Rick Velazquez in 

Product Suooort or the underslqned. 

l!'tl{:ps 

encl: 

Al ert 

Hose Clanrp Instructlons 

Yours truly, 

F)(C C0RPORATI0N n 

\ I (-..^, li 

\*j$\\LJL*!, 

Howard H. t{eiske 

Dl rector of l'larketlng

Corporrllon 

3410 Scuth Susan Street 

Sanla Ana. Calilornia 927O4 

(714) 556-/400 

TWX 9r0-595-2801 

Cru II ON 

fue to certain types of FXC Model 12000 Autcrnatic Parachute Release 

installations on soort parachuting harnesses rnd aeri;tr nrenelvers, 

it has been brought to the attention of FXC Corporation ihat ihe 

Automatic Parachute Release (AA0) may experience severe str3jn 

and function orematurelv, 

l.lhile FXC takes no respons'ibility for the AAD jnst:ilation, on 

previous occasions it has notified manufacturers of harness,, 

contajners and rjggers of preferred considerations for mounting 

of the AADfhese 

considerations include : 

l) 0o not disassemble the AAD. 

2l Mount the Altitude Control on the front of the harness. 

3) Mount the AAD in such a manner that the HoseT'Housinq h6yq smooth 

bends . 

4) Make sure that the Altitude Control Hose has movernent and is not 

tigh', in the harness. 

5) Install the l'lounting Plate in such a qanner to assure jn-line 

(direct) pull of the pins during activaticn. 

To further reduce the risk of a oremature firing, FXC has cffered the 

enclosed Ki t/lnstal lation Instruction. It is reconrnended if the 

user expects to experience harness deformation during coening or 

during free-fall naneuvers, he should ccnsider requesting ihis kit. 

It wJll be mailed to you free of charge or, of you prefer, clamos 

will be installed during your next scheduled servicino at FIC.

Ccpctt 

KIT - HOSE CL.MP 

llode l 12000 

P/N 8ll-00042 

t€: 

, GG. 2 

tEv 

DaTE: 20 Jan 83 

t(K-*

Incorporated 

TECH N ICAL REPORT 

SOUARE RESERVE 

DEPLOYMENT SYSTEM ANALYSIS 

INTRODUCTION 

In response to "rumor control" reports that square reserves were malfunctioning by 

breaking both locking stows arrd snatching the deployrnent bag out of the corrtainer 

while leaving the canopy in the container. and because having observed hundreds of 

deployment tests over the years on square reserves and never having encountered 

this phenomena, we decided to conduct a thorough and comprehensive investigation. 

While high speed testing various square reserve models that we are now manufacturing 

and have manufirctured in the past, at 2OO miles per hour and above, we have 

observed'O' rings breaking; however, we have always felt 

- 

based on our observations 

of these breakages 

- 

that this resulted in faster deployments rather than 

slower or no deployments. 

The investigation was conducted in two phases: one which was a series of f ilm documented 

rvindtunnel tests that we have contracted Butler Parachute Inc. 

- 

Manley C. 

Butler, Jr. 

- 

to conduct at the Texas A & M University windtunnel, and a deployment 

bag/locking stow study and analysis. 

580{) \'lagnr:lra q',erue --ennsauken l',te.v..Jersevtl8t C9 I 6C?r 66-] - :: t5 a6.j . 1 

::B

WINDTUNNEL TESTS 

A total of (26) deployment bag extraction tests were conducted on (3) different 

harness & containers with square reserves. The tests were conducted in a windtunnel 

with the harness & containers mounted on a torso dummy bolted to the windtunnel 

floor. All of the deployment bag extractions were f ilmed with a 16 millimeter movie 

camera at 200 frames per second. All of the quantitative data was obtained using a 

frame by frame motion analyzer. 

Deployment bag extractions were lilmed at 60, 12O, 150. and 180 miles per hour. 

The (3) rigs tested were Para-Flite, Inc.'s MT-1 with a 1O1,/z lb. reserve, a Para-Flite MT- 

1 S with an 81/z lb. reserve, and a Strong Enterprises Eagle System with a 6 lb. reserve. 

These rigs were selected because of their heavier reserves being more likely to 

produce the bag stripping phenomena that we wanted to observe. 

Each rig was run (3) times at 60 mph, (3) times at 12Q mph, and (1)time each at 150 

and 180 mph. The following graphs all depict the average of the (3) runs at 120 moh 

and the 150 & 18O mph runs. The 60 mph runs were basically not used in this 

summary. 

The MT-1 on the 150 mph test run broke both 'O' rings. This was the same set of 'O' 

rings used on all the previous test runs. The f ollowing test at 180 mph. the 'O' rings 

stretched but did not break. 

The MI-1S didn't break any'O'rings on any ol the test runs. 

On the Eagle System, (1)'O'ring was broken on one of the 120 mph runs and both'O' 

rings were broken on the 180 mph run. Additionally, the Eagle System was tested 

with (1)'O'ring intentionally not connected, resulting in the only'O'ring being used 

breaking at 120 mph. 

To summarize the tunnel observations, the reserve canoples were removed f rom the 

pack tray e\.'en on those runs where both 'O' rings broke. The nraximum acceleration 

point of the deployment bag \Jvas measured to be nearly 4 feet behind the pack tray 

The Velcro line pouch on the Para-Flite deplgymgnl bags was observed to be working 

well. The fact that there,,vere no O'ring breaks on the MT'1S. even at a relatively 

heavy reserve canopy weight (872 lbs or so), occurred for one or both of the f ollowing 

reasons: 1) The most likely reason is the pilotchute 

- 

lt doesn t seem to exhibit the 

exoonential increase in drag as the velocity is increased one would e.\pect; 2) The 

method of attaching the 'O' ring to the deployment bag may also be a contributing 

f aclor. 

Figure 1 shows the maximum D-bag velocity measured at the various lunnel speeds. 

It is evident that the MT-1S D-baq speed did not increase ven/ much as the iunnel 

speed was increased 

Fiqure 2 shows the deployment bag distance in feet frorn the container at the tirne it 

was experiencing maximum acceleration

I 

WINDTUNNEL TEST (Continued) 

Figure 3 shows the force exerted on the deployment bag by the canopy in pounds. 

This was obtained by averaging the acceleration of the deployment bag f or one terrth 

of a second prior to achieving maximum velocity. lf a shorter time period is chosen for 

avaraging the deployment bag accelerations, it would show higher forces on the 

deployment bag. But because the numbers averaged over one tenth of a second, 

appeared to have good correlation to the static tests conducted on the deployment 

bags. we chose to use it. 

DEPLOYMENT BAG RETENTION TESTS 

Concurrently with the windtunnel tests, we have conducted a series of tests on 

deployment bags to determine how much retaining strength the various deployment 

bag locking methods had. Specif ically, we wanted to test deployment bags with (2), 

(3) and (4) locking stows. 

Eoth static and dynamic tests were conducted. The dynamic test set-up was simply to 

tie the end of the long bridle to a joist on the ceiling and dropping the deployment 

bag with the canopy in it and letting it f reef all. The dynamic tests were conducted: 1) 

tf see how the various methods of locking the deploymerrt bag retained the canopy 

irt the deployment, and 2) to attempt to oreak the retention method ('O'ring or 

rubber band) under a dynamic snatch load type condition. 

All methods tested, that is, (2), (3) and (4) locking stows seemed to retain the canopy 

adequately. There was no appreciable difference in the amount of canopy loss ,,,rith 

either rubber band and/or'O' rings and/or the number of locking stows. 

Using a 'l O foot freefall drop, we were not able to break any'O'rings and were only 

able to break rubber bands every now and then. 

By dropping an accelerometer inside the deployment bag,'we were able to determine 

tlrat the 10 foot freeiall droo was cnly putting approximately 140 or 150 lbs. on the 

ceployment bag 

The only information obtained f rom the dynamic tests lvas that oerhaps rubber bands 

are not as consistent in strength as 'O' r'ings 

The static tests were conducted using a dynamometer arrd the test set'up is 

illustrated in figure 4. These tests were conducted using a deployment bag withrn a 

deployment bag, such that the inner deployment bag had loops extending out 

between the locking stows and it was these loops that the force was applied through 

The force needed to pull the canopv out of the deployment bag was measured as well 

as the amount of stretch or distance travelled to pull the canopy f rom the deployment 

bac 

Tests were done on (2), t3) and (4) locking siow deoloyrnent bags',vith both O'rings 

and rubber bands 

Betention force'rvith i2) lockinq siow-s Lrsing rubber bands ranqed from : r0 to 1 0

DEPLOYMENT BAG RETENTION TESTS (Continued) 

lbs. Using'O'rings the range was 2O5 to 26O lbs. 

Same D-bag with (3) locking stows using rubber bands had a retaining strength of 

28O to 33O lbs. With 'O' rings it was 290 to 375 lbs. 

A deployment bag using (4) locking stows had retentive strength between 25O and 

280 lbs. with either rubber bands or'O' rings. 

There appeared to be nc appreclable difference in overall strength between rubber 

bands and 'O' rings, although 'O' rings seemed to be more consistent. Using (4) 

locking stows appeared to be marginally stronger but not much more than using (2). 

However, using (3) appeared to be superior to both the (2) and (4) locking stow 

method. 

During this test and investigation of deployment bag performance, we have learned 

that to attach the elastics on the tongue of the bag and the grommet to the bag 

results in frequent bag locks. We have also learned that it is relatively easy to cause a 

i;ag lock with only (1)suspension line being out of place; however, these bag locks 

are not catastrophic if the elastic can break. Adding more locking stows to a 

deploymenl bag adds more potential for bag locks. Increasing the strength of the 

eiastics can result in catastrophic bag locks if and when a bag lock occurs. 

Based on the information we gained during this study and analysis cf deployment 

systems, we set out to find a method of locking the deployment bag in a manner that 

will reduce the potential of bag locks and yet provide a higher retentive force than the 

conventional method currently in use. 

We believe we have succeeded. The method developed by Para-Flite, Inc. as part oi 

this investigation and study uses "Bungee" cord (rubber covered with nylon) as the 

elastic locking loop, resulting in retentive strength in excess of 7OO lbs. (measured in 

the exact same way as the other methods) using only (2) locking stows. and using a 

sliding continuous loop (i.e. (1)loop for both locking stows) such that in the case of 

suspension line locked bight, the elastic stretches enough to unlock (1) of the locking 

stows and allow the canopy to deploy because the elastic loop pulls free from the 

deployment bag. See figures 5. 6 and /. 

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

We conclude that the bag stripping (some people rafer to it as the tablecloth trickt 

usin_c a deployment bag with (2) locking stows with'O' rings, is impossible. And that 

breaking both 'O' rings simultaneously, u.sing the Para-Flite hiqh drag, hot dog type 

reserve pilotchute system and heavy reserve canopies, doesn't take place except at 

150 rnph or more, and even then the canopy'&as ne\/er left in the reserve ccnlainer 

Using the sn:aller and liqhter high drag oilotchute. i.e. ihe one used on lhe Swrft 

Feserve. Cirrus Reserve and the MT-lS. will not break the O'rrnes uo lo aoout 20O 

moh )r !o.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS (Continued) 

tJsing heavy reserves at high speeds and/or high altitudes. a better rgtenttorr nreti-,oC 

than either (2), (3) or (4) locking stows should be used. Hoinrever, for norrral sLrort 

parachuting, the use oi the deployment bags lvith (2) lockinq stcws arrd O'rirros rs 

more than adeouate. 

We recommend O1-222 size 'O'rings be used on all reserves. and that ihese'O' rinos 

be replaced after each activation and at each re-pack. 

In the interest of safety, Para-Flite will nrake the results of t:his procranr avarral-.le to 

any manufacturer free of charge. 

After obtaining TSO approval for the new Para-Flite bag retention rnethod. and aiter 

some additional live jumps. we will begin using it on all al cur reserves. We 

recommend that other manufacturers do the same 

- 

not so mLrch because of lhe 

additional retention strength it offers. but for its resistance-to-baq-locks f eatr-rre 

For high speed and high altitude use, this new method strould be used 

This line stow and bag retention method can be retrofitted to e.rrsting deploynrerrt 

bags with relative ease. 

For further information, such as details about the test data ar-'J,cr ihe Para-Flite 

"Safety Stow" rnethod, please contact Para-Flite. 

Para-Flite. Inc. 

5800 l,4agnolia Averrue 

Pennsauken. l'JJ 08 109 

Mdrch 14. 1983

FIGURE 2 

FT 

I 

I

FIGURE 3

FIGUBE 5 

FIGURE 6

Para Publishing 

FOR IM iVI EDIATE RELEAS8..,........ 

PC}YNTER RELEASES INDEX TO PARACHUTE MANUAT 

Dan Poynter, author of Tbe Parachute iltanual, has published a longer, more 

delailed index to his techrical tleatise. 

The Parachute Manual bas br:en accepted as the authority on p*aehutes by 

nearly every Eanufacture! ald goterndent. Klown as 'the Biblen;tn parachute 

riggers cverychere, it can be found ln virtually every parachu-te loft, botb 

mtlltery and clvillan, throughout thc world, While the oanual contains an index, 

Eiury u!e!s felt it wae too briel. Becau.Be thc new inder refers to paragraph 

numbers rather than p'ages, lt may be used with both the first and second editions 

of the tnanual. 

The manual prbvldes detailed cove?age of parachute materials, design 

theory, repails, inspection, packing, alteratlona, rigglng, the regulations and 

much, roucb more. There are 500 pages ald roore than 2,000 illustrations in the 

large th x I I lab manual forrnat. 

The index is available for $1. froo Para Publishing, P.O. Box {Z32-225. 

Santa Barbara CA 93103-0232 USA. The Parachute Manual is available from 

nrost dealers and lofts or direct ftom the publisher for $39.95 plus 5l shipping 

(Californians add S1.80 sales tax). 

-3 0- 

fmi: Para Pqlliching (805) 968-?Z?? 

Pbotographe of the book ard/or the author are available on request.

I 

January 21. 1983. 

FOR. IMHSDTATE RSLEASE 

IfEgTGAATD PARACEUTE INC. FAA LOFT *465-110 

I 

I 

I 

'I': 

' 

WECIt$ilAD Pf,lFegUTE INC; ls proud to announce their certlfieatlon 

rt': t, lrftrly Eated Parachute Loft effectlve thls date. 

?hts ls tha"lit;3t step ln the growth of this California-baeed 

cdtntenlr. tfrlc, ln addltion to their move last year into 

lrcrricncnt; Cutpiiry-oyned faeillEles, means that they are nou 

thc trargest. miat ectlve, and most up to date parachute 

dtrurl,botston, f,aelllty ln the lfesteEn us. 

;: ! 

Deelgned pt'irmrtiy aa a support facility for thelr vast 

rpFlfuldt tirajlcr netuorh, lE also m€ans that for Southern 

Ctllfornia D*scd jumpers they also now have access to a fulltlnc 

loft rltlt-all the. latest equipment, materials, and 

technlques to keep'en flying. 

A small party vas hcld by the Staff, farnily and frlends as 

the n€r facility was dedlcated in memory of the late Dean 

WeBtgaard. 

**t** 

WESTGAARD PARACHUTE ENTERPRISE INC 

ji57 1 Ca)A.\l :]!GL1WA /. -sOLi;-! '-i\GtiNA CA 926-- r i'.j, rl9-rr:ri 

-::,i, ,'?l :ii..',,i- l,::'- a.::.

I 

EqrtlFihdiit df ti'iieared 

Strato Cloud 

Main ctnopy: Mrnuracturei: -P-ari-:qU!g---Moderr old-[e-ayl- ssnot numblr'-,gqtn.quD--.-.-- 

oer6 pack€d -ge-e-- 

u;,r-1q 2 av*n,- nrlllilt ii1ffi::1,'.'#r:"1--Ll- - - 

He.oe3t 

typr ot canopy rgl;et63' - 3-rlng 

Condltion ---- 

Man conlenol Mrnulrcturrr: --qqqd-- Wonde-fh-q9- Mod6l: 

seti.l number 

Condition: qqgd-- 

---- 

RqsaNe cenopy: Msnutacrurar 

Mod€l: ?9j--!Lelry--9-9$6rlel number 

-- 

oarc prcrrd: e:-9:l?q1--- 

-!9. 

By whom; Sustl--r!-qn9- 

Pilotchute? yes 

Condiiion -254740L6-!- 

- -999d Rasfl.conttn€r: Menuteciur.r: rgleqilE-lto-E!9llgPrr,locer wonalglhos- -- Serrat numocr: 

condttton - -999i-- - 

Aaom.lc op.not (l worn)'Menutecrrrer' -SSE ------ 

rrlg-- Modst: SS4ifgI -?!,g9iel numbcr: 

crtibratrd by whom? slele- 3iqry- wrenr lnq' b-e.iof9wh.ru? -q!_-4!!,cr-41-t----- 

Acriv.tcd? No (USPA I) l_un_l___ 

tnttTumcng: Minullclurer' Mo.J€l s.rial numb.r 

-SFp-!fc-..------ 

Condition: ---S9-o.g- 

St.f/c Lrne: Type (gin. breakcord, diricl bagl - 

Typa snro tallonoi: 

Point ol ailtchm6nl in aitcratt 

-- - 

Et. pror.crion: -K999 qoqqleq- 

type gtoves:-S!19--cl9:l-94thet 

E,luiDman? chcch? 

Bv whom? G. C. S.P. C.-KS- 

Commcnlt Plertc atrla any dsleils regrfdlng th! d€cealod s equipmEnt lhal is relsvanl to this.eporl 

The AAD the Jurper '.ras wearing was brand new aJrd had Just been initalled on 

his rlg by a tigger. Examinat.ion of the AAD showed i-t never flred. 

Vlll. Dlcrlptlm of Accidrat 

availablc, end attach to thi3 rcport. 

as jumpmaster, general obser"cri, pllot, 

iump to include: what happened, hew di 

dent based on all facts obtained. Include o 

safety oflrcer's reporls, sherrff's rePort, coroncr'5 rcport!, etc, if 

Jurtper was naking first junp in three weeks. tfe had been grounded due to a lq, 

regerve openlng (explal-ned ln acciclent report). He was briefed and practicedl 

cutaltayg on a suspended harness by two USPA InstructoEs. A thlrd USPA fnstluctor 

gave hlrl a equipment eheck and calibrated his AAD. A 4-way star weE planned with 

the tleceaged aetlng as blse and a 4000 foot break off was planned. The Jrnp 

well, tr€nt 

one skydiver wae low and never made it in. At 40OO t,he two juEpers in Ehe 

fonratlon waved of! Ehe fourth jrnper, he opened there, meantLne they also 1et go 

of the deceased. one of the Junpers watched lrirn check his altirnetear turn and 

traek off. The opening altltudes for the other three Junqrers were 4000, 3O00, 

24OO. The deceased never got anything puLled, Ttre pllot chute was half way out of 

belly band but this coulil have been caused fron the tree thet he fell thro'rgh. The 

reserve closing loops were broken on impact. Tte AAD never fired. First reports 

clained the junper inpactsed on his front hor.revet the niortuary and autopsy leports 

are that Jut|ll)er futpacted on his back which coulcl etqrlain vhy the AAD dtal not file 

(Lt ras nounted on his front main lift ',reb). The autopsy report also found no 

trace of alcohol or any kind of ilrugs. Based on what the other jurpers said on 

ehe load he ilas caln and prepared for the Jrrnp. The only Ehing we can concei,ve 

is that he was unable to pull out his piloE chute either ilue to ehe tightness of 

the belly band to fit around all the rlnter clothes or the globes he was wearing. 

He had a floating res€rve ripeord on a previous jr.np 30 we are thinking lhat it was 

fLoating again and he was una-ble to find it and by Looking for i! lost stability 

and altitude awareness. We are unable to send a sheriff's reDort at. this Eime but 

wiLl fonard on as soon as possible. 

xt nacJifriicaiio"E-- 

what otavanlivs measuros could hil€ been taken lo havc ptsvsnted this accidenl? whtt c1n lho local pBool€ USPA or FAA do lo 

pr6v€nt tulura incid€nl9 ol thls nelure t 

I don't have any clues, 

vltl 

a ":, 

-7e, 

aa-ra .4 

c//,.. 

-7To4, 

/4? 

-.ft 

xl. 

I

ltl Equipmenl ol Deceesed _ _L . 

Maln canopy Mrnutacrurcr'-R . a 

-flt\a-- - 

tuo,Jer :t!-Q\c,,\ , se,,ar nu-rr,, 

oar, p.cked: js c,-d- -_8. _ __ I, whomi E-*.L ir:ffi::'l:;i' ".i_ q_ _ __ _ 

condition 

-Vc ry_6oo-J. 

Hetness Manulactu,sr -\nr.Alf.V-rr.+ -, - l.,todet 

-l---- -- _ _ - Scrral :?rrat number numoe. 

lypc ol sanopy .eterses 

,.HI - .3 . rl. . .\ \ 

.- -- 

condirion ]:&*#__G_".rJ__- 

M6n cod?ctnil: Mrnutacturer L:rs\

Equlpmcnt of Occcarcd 

Mrincanopy: Mlnuredurer: -p-iqftgg-MIg:- ttoa"r, P-'C-:- Mk lsrrtet number: ?31551 

Htrnatt: 

Main co.taainer: 

Ratarya ctnoqy: 

olreorcred: 1;1-:-91- Bywhom aeceaseflllf;'"""'"'."ff;"^ 15. 

Condllion: Mtnulrclur6.: -gOqq 

Typ. I Ypa ol or crnop 

condihon 

;;;;;;,,, 

good 

:-':"",',",::"''' tF;f, 

i.li".., Menultclur!r -11.. --. srfr i#rm 

-r!ILe'a!.nL 

M ooc I 

i!l numbrr: 

Ra30NC COnlaino, 

Condlllon: 

Aulomrllc oponet lil worn): Manulacturrt 

Calibrtl€d by whom? 

activatcdt nO' 

lndrumanls: M.nu,.crur..: -EgfiCg--- 

Slrlic Lln.: 

Parsonal cQuipmcn? 

Equlpmcnl ahrck? 

Vlll. Drrcdptlon of Aceldral 

Condillon: 

Typa: (pin. 

Typr rnep 

Slrlic llna aa!isl 

Hllmal typei 

Eyc prot.ciion: Kfoo 

yes 

Model: 

deceased ,4n"n2 

- 

S!riel number: 

11y6",.r oD the qround. 

Mod.r: Bl4-gll!!9-t€Iir nu-r",ns-t--gve.ifeb.Ie 

By Whom? 

Comacnat Plaas 3lala any datril3 rcgerdlng tha drceased s rqulpmlnt thrl i! rcldrnl to lhi! reoorl- 

Equlpnent was in good serviceabLe condltlon. 

5if5'il3ui"i"'3iti5"':rilf;if;'3x1,1"F""'F;;"1*L';f,H'" ( 

landing. 

Qucrtion individurls concerned such as iumpmast€r, general obscwers, pilot, treinrng officrr. Writo e 

n.rr.tiv! dcscriptron of thr complete iump to includc: what happencd, hen'v did it h.ppch, why did it 

happcn, ctc. Full dcrcripiion ol incident based on all tacts obiaincd Includc or attach stetcmentr medc 

by vrrious p..tias. Oblain copies of safcty officer': rcports, shrriff's raport. coronar'3 ?cporti, clc., it 

eveileblc, and rttech lo thit rcport. 

The Jump went as plalned, and was broken at 4000 feet to a-tlow 

addltlona-I tioe to separate the jumpers. Upon ooenlng hls mEln 

canopy, deeeased experienced twieted and tangled(assuned) suspenslon 

Iines. He elected to jetison (cutaway uslng canopy releaaes) the 

maln parachute. Thls was euccessful).y done and he deployed his 

resdrve cenopy. He was under the reserve at approx. 2000 feet. 

The rceerve wesr steerabl-e and he steered toward the Airport grounds. 

Wlth the wind at 7-9 mph. he was backing up with the canopy faclng 

lnto the wind( as lt should be to provide the best landing condltlons.) 

He landed on the approach end of runway l1 a concrete rr.nway, and 

fell backward. His canopy did not deflate and he was dragged approx. 

11O feet up ihe runway. Another pereon came to his aid and defLated 

the caropy. Deeeased was then found to be unconclous but breathlng 

and wlth a strong pulse,An ambulance was lmrnedlately sunmonded and 

arlved wlthln 8 mLnutes of notlfleatlon.. DeceaEed was taken to the 

em€rg€ncy roon of Mernorial Hosp., glven treatrnent and thon 

transferred tc 

in order to perfozrn a 

CAT scan to detenn:.ne the extent of head lnJuries. There were no 

externa,l injuries except for a small scratch on one hand. Neurologlst 

Dr. , exannlned the results of the scan, and found a separatlon 

of the skull plates on one side and a fracture on the back of the skull 

There was not' however, any evidence of any damage to the braln. 

At that tiue the doctors could flnd only a small annount of braln 

actlvity. ?hey could detemlne no reason for the lack of actlvlty. 

was moved to the Intenslve Care Unit so that his condltion 

could be constantly monotored. Hls condition remained unchanged 

throughout the nlght. He died at approximately 11rJ0 AM, L-z-B), 

r)

Xl. 

Rrcommendetlons 

What P.evanliv€ malgure! could have be6n laken tO hava prevenled tht3 accidentt Whal Can lh€ tocal peodte. USpA or FM do tO 

plev€nt lutUr! inatdant! ol this natU16? 

Continued stress on the avoiciance of hazards upon Ialding. This 

should include landing surfaces as a potential_ hazard, Efforts 

to sieer clear of such hazarCs should be made an ongoing part 

of novice triinlng,

Tbchnicul Bullcfin 13 

Canaclian Sport Parachuting Association 

Association Canaclienne clu Parachutisme Sportif 

lfr l: flHlBlTl(n [l?S. \4de ro!rcsil ar. b.lng dona 

than In prwlous y.ri3; our ralatlonlhlp (and 

cr€dlbl I lty) rlrh 001 ls loprovlng. An Incrcnso In 

iha nunbr ot Ecldrnts. parflculerly wlous *cldents 

py jmD.rdlr. thl! l-.latlon!hlp. ono roekend 

In July r82 3ar ona Jumpar sarlo(sly l^Jursd, lnoihcr 

kl I led, rhl lo p.rtdnlng rxhlbltlil Junps. Bcth 

accl dant!, ona dt althar slda ot thc @nlry, found 

jump'rs grfrmlng lo{!y RX trq lrrga.lrcrllt over 

urbtn 6ro3. In both €96, fh. Dotffmrncr of ntrdll 

Rl Junpa 16 cdp I lcrf cd bt props tcn la iha avenl 

(llrg, crnf,., rrckcl. Thrrc prop. ff. Involyld ln 

the mlfunctlonlng ot th. €qulpilnt, rhldr hrd drrstlc 

coo!eguadc.t for tto Indlvldualt. In bdih aso!, fh. 

avll l6bll lty ot r lrg. rlraltt rG m cncdragmnt 

fr th. Rl-ritmpt!. 

CSPA hr3 ,ub | | sh.d r*cnicnd!t lon! p.rfa I n I ng tE 

Exhlbltlon Junpt ltr Plll Tro, 9ac'tloo 12. 0n recmmrndrilon 

cooflln.d th.rc lt thli Jmps ba md. fr6 

no hlghr lhan 7r200t dur to th. p6 3pactltc y.luc. 

Even .xparlmc.d Junp.rt olfrn htvc dllflculty 

locrflng rlrcrrtt e? 10,000r. Frr.l!ll prr.chutl3lr 

6ra vlrtuilly lNlslbl. rlllDul blnocul.rs. Ansth.r 

lecm.ndrtlil rugg.rlt prlctlclng fh. Intcnd€d Ju6p 

ai th. l€l 0Z; Indth.r tugg.llt nof uslng e Drop 

(3rcka, otc., unlasr you hay. bad clraful ly 

Instructfr ln ll! earctlon and fop.r Fthod for 

dntlng. HavlnE m utrlli 3ibt tralllng lD fr6.36ll 

on a &r |rnyr.d dld'nst rccull ha troDtr Eurf Ing, 

na dld r l0{!y ihlch turn.lld ct lbqrt t d 6 

ldrntlf y an dp.rlitod grilp !lnc. 3dt parllclp.nts 

h6d nd? v.f srtrd t lo

Tbchnical Bulletin IJ 

lack ol iogg le s hsrd I y sd! io Ekc ihe s(p6nsa ot 

obtalnlnq a hlghtr porltrorno r€ssrve a rorfhrhlle 

Invo3tm€rl. r.lanufacturlr! and doalerJ rl | | undoubtcdl/ 

m.kc thesc ltem 6v.l lablc lt th€ cu3imrs 

r€ques? than. 

llr- 4: RELATIVE f,Rl quolll€: Although lt ls n6f 

prinf€d In fhg llcancr rqulrsrnls In PIM $€, lt 

r€ffis thal o great many Indlvlduals (lncludlng a Irr 

lnstructtrs) hrva d€cldcd th6i A-rdy Rtl ls a 

prsrcqu | ! | i! tcf thc A-l I ccnca. Mqo ih6n l/2 tha 

A-i lcrtrc! aOp | | €ol! | n 1962 hcvr hrd s€ Rl{ 

exprrleoca, prlmrlly tl

Tbchnical Bullctin Is 

-,le that ifr6ct! th, pln3, runs ttr@gh a houslhg 

ihat go€3 lra th. porc pltfoo to a stlflns d tha 

r€crvr !ldr flap ri fhc gPme?. fhls nev deslgn 

do€s ffit than solva tha problln. lt al5 ooans the 

dod lo fh. posslblllt of pu?tlng ? RlocsC Rrl"6se 

6 thc ntln cdl!lncr. FC Drlca and rye Information 

6nl&f: SSE, t80l gagnol l! \ve.. Pcnniruk€n, 

N.J.. 08 t09, (6C9)661-r27t. 

(oS3E, '1ay '32) 

It- 9: J"{lrG RE-€ASF. lhc h.rdr.re usld In th€ 

l-rlng ral.63a l! 6dniun plrtlng *er arbon ste.l . 

Slnce the )lrtlng l3 Eoftf, th6n tha rcfu.l rlngs, 

3nall d€nl3 rlll rppaar s thc rlng3 as a n€t rlg r 

r13..3 aro nbrokcn-lnn. Or oldr rl93, .edt .lng has 

a'l!t porllon ardlnd lts clacu^feran@ rfilch ls a 

relult ol lha coni.ct batrs the rlng3. 

InsDocilff ot th€ r!ls6sr 3ystil rhqld ldctudc check- 

Ing ttr6 s16q1 o iha short hou!|.lg. Und€r onopy ih€ 

shqt houslng (nqaal ly 6 the rlght !ld€, shdld nof 

ba under any itnrlon. Indlcalor of .n lmlrop6r 

cmpon€n? (hou3lng too shtrt, ^n f rls$ mada fo Incorrrt 

dlmcn3 lon) l3 abras lon3 io thc f omt! In ihe 

rlsf, and il thc hou3lng 6nd. Inspcciion shdld rlso 

cont lrD fhai fh€rc 13 rot.l to mlal ootel btr€on 

e!c{r of th! !

Tbchnical Bullctin 11 

Canaclian Sport Parachuting Association 

,\ssociation Canaclienne rCu Parachutisme Sportif 

r propcrty drnlga clrln conflnuct lo ba r concf,n tor 

tha atlv. pcrrchutlrf. Fol lorlng a lengftty 3!1163 ol 

mattlngs rlth rcprcacntatls tril our Insurtncc 

brokr. Rcd, Sitnltoult Ltd., tnd drr Ins|fcnct 

undorrrltr. Ganf,rl Altur6nca Co., m clrltlcallon 

ol ydr corf,tgc 6! r CSPA ffib.. a.rJ m t retl n9 

holdr lr ltr rdr. 

l! t n nbr, your cdr6g€ by fhc CSPI I nlur!trcr 

po | | cy -T.r--EJ ccr io thc to | | o! | ng ons tr a I ri3 : 

r!. yo{ rc prtlclpltlng In pars€llutl^9 Junpt 

or ralstcd a?lvlf$ rllhln North l6rlc! (Crrda 

6nd uSAr. 

b. tha eqcrcga +p | | a. io pr@.Ffy dan6g€ 4 

pf,lonll InJury !utt.lncd by tnothcr (fhlrd) prty, 

rhcthar lhaf porfy lr r CSPA mt{b.r r not. (fhlt 

$s(ffi that you, tfrc n ntr, cils.d tha dmtgr by 

nrtlnE, oi rtt'ptl^! 116 ndra a par*hut. Juirp.) 

c, f'lr. covf,rgr ('6a nqf abply lo prsrl 

prqorfy aanagc - prrronaT-lnJury lurtrln.d by o 

na6r fro hlr o(r trilcltttld In . prtchufa 

J,rrp. 

6. 14|. lhlt ot covtrgr lr curtantly tl ntllllon; 

th. Odrrc?rbla portlon. lo D. tllrt bt th. l|!Ib.r 

c€uelng I'i| dmtgE, tt t2t0. 

a. fha cil.raga It bctad qt cdl|f,aic. lo alrflng 

CSPA Pollct rnd R.cdni.nditlonl. lt riluiFr rflct 

coipll!nc. rlth rdtlnlrfltlva 6nd tlnritl!l 

6rg.qtt ( l.c. pltEnt ol fl:ib.l'thlp tr.t, prdipt 

r$ortlng ot AlHrtr, rlong rltn a coilDn tnra 

Opllcatlon ol tha raccftindr?lon! conc*nlng 

lciual Jurtp |q}lvltl6. 

Ar e CSPA Inrtructor, Rlggrr * Co€h, F.Jr eorartga 

by tha CSPA Inturarca pollcy lr cxfend.d b Inelud. 

fhr tol ldl^g: 

r. r?ry clll'i la dtitgea r p.rto.ral InJury caracd 

r Incrrrtd bv lrEthcr CSpA iltitb.r trd hl!/hcr 

p&-ticlp.flm In praehuta Jrrp actlvlilcr, rhf,c 

tor.r Drdld.d luparvltlon c r3tlttanct fo th.t 

Indlvldu!1. 

b. lt l! ,aar'Ed thtt /@ rrra rtlnE rlthln tlp 

I lnltrllill ot td.r .6tl49 lnd In occffdano rlih 

CPAtr pollcy and rcomndltlo6. 

Tha lllurr, ccnaral Arlurlnc. Co., r.lla on CSPA to 

prapro lnd r.vlsc lha Pollcy rnd R6coiltlndi?loar! 

concrn d rlth irlnqtlond pcrEhut, J'fiot and r.lri.d 

estlvltlcri r! n.cca3ry, Thls rqld Includa tha 

chriqa nrca3tlry aa a .6ult of tha ltrtrodugilon ol I 

nr iypr of prachutc r ! ni 1i alnl rE t.chnlquc; 

chrnga3 s , r€ulf of tb gradurl *olut16n ol 

oarlchuta rstlvlll6 rnd +hc 6ntlnud! dccunul!tlon 

ot rprrlsca ln ocrrchutc JFglng and frlnlng; 

ahlngGa.6ultlng trdr rn edilnl3lr!'tlE €ncrn 3uch 

61 ;!PA wvlcca r !f rt f l n9 Crrngc!, l.gal ivlc. f 

gord ol DlrElDrs cctlon!, 

Should you hava 6ny q[a3tlons rlitr r.96rd to your 

cilclagr rndcr tha CSPI Dllcy, 'hesc sbuld ba 

CllcuSsed rl+h CSPt. rh, gtft'rflvc Dl.cctr 6nd 

l(hn lc! | I I ractor roy 5a i la fo rao I va ba3 lc 

adrlnlrtrrilvc rnd tcchnlcal tcncrr!. 5ffilrl .rs6! 

and nolor lJsEi rl | | 5. &alt rlth by tfE gd 6nd 

fisc. 

NATIOilAL SPORT AND NECREAIION CEXTRE 

333 Flr/€r Ford, Ona€. Onterro Canada KIL 889 15l3) 7d9-0152/746-0060 Tel€x 053 1650 

1qg2 

ncld6nt !hlch 

ra! tha rcult of a filnor al trrilon to a r€l 

grrachulO sy3im n.rly co3t r CSPA 

'i6ibr 

hl3 lltr. 

Follorlng m genrrl dlrrqllonr rtrlch ap€rd In 

provlnclrl nwal.t+r, an Indlvldurl ncdc 

trodltlcrtlon to hl3 flroFrrry pllol'drutc, addlng 

trb rhlcn ra. lro rrcurr thc pllot chutc In lts touct. 

Untrtun.trl t tt. dlr€tl0.1t a! ttEy aprrd, latt 

r.vrrl ltdr to fia Inrglnutlon, Includlng ffr.cf 

OlEr6.n+ ol th. Flcro. Our vlclln, ,tir m*.lng th. 

rltf,stlO rsdlng to tha dl.ftlont, lade a Jr.nrp 

try o|rf h I r hrnd I rork . |'b dl !€d.rr, that th. hodrvclao 

trb 6 ihc i6 ot thc pllqt chut cdJld sllck 

lo nrr Gh on tha botbn, r€ulllng In; l, rlmrt 

drag, llt t plld? chutu In tw, ll l) 6 b69 In ta rlth 

6ldt ol l6c llnr ncarby. lvl r nrch lffi lhcn 

ntrrnal d€ployffit attr rn Int6ntlm!l ly hlqh 

aqtlvallon. 

lhcrc ra lrc conorns a! a rGult of thla Incldcn+. 

rh. tlrti l! hc npdlllcrflff of prachutc oqulpffit, 

rhathar fiuln r rc3cfrr f ffitrlnf,. Thfa 13 ! 

crttln orc{nt ot knorlcdgr grln.d trm an actlvc 

Invofvdrprrt In prrehuflng (1... loo 

thf,o ls Juf.|pt/y.uti 

ffi tnorlcdg€ to b. fclnrd tro rff.ndlng 

cdrsa3 ff sa6ln.rr, and raadlng mgrtlna. ite; |htrc 

lr cl!o m mnt ot loltrnrtlon to b. caln.d In 

lod(lng rt ?h. €rt oth.rr haa &n., Includlng 

dlrcusrlng thclr r.rcont td olklng thlnE! a! thct 

rra. lbai Inportant lr th. &rrrn€r (r knorlcdgr) 

thsf ih. JoO at hlnd rrqulrur rF. Intomstlil thrn 

ritt yd hta br.n qlvcn. It iha &tallr ranrt 

toacltlad,6n!ull thr rutlr r rn dDrt rffcs 

(1... ih. tlnufasiurf, or CSPA!. 

Thr laco.rd @nclrn I I lor th. grolrrtlon ol trhn lcrl 

rtleltt tnd dlrrcllon!. lf vo flnd vour3clt rlth 

lhc.cpomlblllfy tor rrltlnE thlt srl of nat.rlrl , 

bc thorough. Chad( your rttourcc 6cfrl6l ld slnllar 

ar?lclari lol lor t|i lomrt usd ln nllliry 

dlrE+16n3 f ra | | luJtrttad ln Ptvntf r! uanurl l 

Oonrt glvc lnyon. th. oppor?unlty io nislntcrgrat yar 

dlrEtlonr. ldonilly lh. aqulg'ffit r.oulrcd. 

ilttcrlrlt io b uod, D-oca3s lo bc follild, .tc. 

lrtur ihc pru.aadlng thc dlr€llonr 13 an ldlot, 

tvon ll )ou'rc €rttln th6t h€ carldtr? EDs!lbly bc 

Oha. 

It- t: llctRltT(n ASSISTED oEPLOn€XT: A ccn!rdcts 

rblo munf cl qpcrlcno h6s bGan rdmla+ad on thl! 

ly3fat rlthln thc lrsf couolc of ycars. Th. oracl3a 

lehnlqFr fr hrndllng th. ollst drutc iiltlrt l,/ 

vlflad tcr6r trra counfTy. Jorcyf, ln.ovlcrlng our 

dDerlcn6 rlth thc vtrlout t'chnlqE!, lt 6po6r! 

thrl sc Dthod I s nof lcaro I y rrc rc I I 6b lc, ro 

5a9ln, lADrt rc pn.fomad tor 3tldants '6f Ing trndm I 

.l?3 rnlah \rva , thror-r 

I 

ra li rlo lotmnt. Tllc us 

Cyndlc icchnlq€.tlhf, 

tlyl^g alt. L\r ci lqi ch : 

oln:onllgufltfon f,? rou 

i 

rondcrhog . ihc n6li arn6y 3hou I I 5a ffkcd !s I aq ! i 

5ag f .acffi. 

ihc Clsoatchlng irchnldua .acul16! lh, l^3truc+tr 

(J'rnomasl:rt lo rftva tha rllot .'|uie '.f, tha 

ltud€nt3 .lq on junorun. (Tha pl lot :huta ray 5a

Tbchnicsl Bulletin 14 

stor.d bahlnd th. brck prd tr In rn .lrlflc kaear.t 

tu th. ltudant mv6 lntu lhc 'Fcrdy' pcdlflcn, th. Jtl 

ancur.t ihlf tha brldl. It clcr (lrc.t tr(n thr Fln 

no in pllot chu+., rhlclr h. l! troldlng. Or ieoi th. 

ttu(bnf qltt trd| th. (bri a. thlt 13 heFlnlng thc 

Jil larnt lfficrd ?ofardr fha raf, doortraflt, trfcnd! 

hlt ri (brn rrtd dtrard, Falaa3lng tha pl lot drutc 

lnto th. llrflcr bailnd thc rtudont. thc pllof ctrutc 

rl | | rpldly ihc brldl.. cdrrctlng thc pln cnd 

thcn thc mali ',d.d canoov. Thc lnrtructrillll ob:lrva a 

d6pldFtrt ld..f lcrl io rhct h. rorrtd s.ta ll an o(p€rt 

Ftrachuilrt crllcd l'ha rlrcrltt to p.rtm 6 clrr 6nd 

pull. 

It ilry b. ot l|Ytar6t thrt th.0Zrr urlng th!s 

ibthod for l^Drr cra rcportlng, &rrr3t In erncpy 

Drl tunetlonr r' copar6d rlth thc rilfltar! rlr leh 

occurrrd rh.n thcy rrc ho I dl ng fic p | | oi 6trutr io 

rrtreqf lha pln. 

tlllnirlnlng ! grlp on th. pllot dlutc lo d+r6qt th! 

pln 6nd prh+r lha nrln crncDy rl ll crue lns.r$d 

ttrrln on tha cdioonartr. lt my rl!o place th. 

brldle, bag, cenop),, r lln.. In r pdltldt rh.rt 

thG. 6rr Grrc elslly graapad by a rlud.fit. 

l+r. l: Rl€eF's LltfRtt orn Povnfor h6a ordld.d . 

llrt of .qulpfirfit m!ru|lqlurrr!. lhclr rdf6s.3, 

product! ado lvallabla pachlng lnrtrugtlonr. Tha cort 

of varlouc b@klct! Ir alro ld.nllfld. fh! eJ'trEhcd 

ll3+ lDocrr.d In r recal 1116 ol Paradruf lrf^. 

ornrr co.i9rny, P.r! Publlrhlng. h6 producrd nuffidrl 

b@kt concornd rlir prrchutlng lrcludl^g Povhfrrr 

l4!nur|, ti. Sfiydlvfl thndbook, end rtudy gu|d.. for 

Amrlclo Inrfuctor rnd Rlggrr rutlngr. 

Itr !: AlYorrrlc ACflVArlOl tEVl(ES: At ih. t97t 

,SM, tha Eo6rd ot Dlr€tor! rlrcat Sprdad r rDtlon 

rhlclr rould h€\rr nada Motg m6ndltsy ld- rl | ltudror 

tr6lntng op€r.gtlolt3 In Can6da. HrHavar, lrvcral 

parrchutlng axp.rt! lilt that It club! rnd c.rtrcs 

ozrt aru urlng Mort. 

In tic par+ 24 flbnthr th.ro hrw bm tff rtudant 

trtll lf 16. ln rl I four 6r.s, rt cuto{Etlc 

lr! | lny l.t!l Th lr*' rbilt 

Itl 

that 6var] 3fud.nt ls 

raar *.ry Junp. Th6c 

tccl 

lubr rhtre r I Inl t€d 

nuroar of lfudlnti ,rc troln€d Cclr va6r. Ccntrr 

op€rrtod count o|r thalr AADtr rt c prrqflcrl brct-uD 

tor hum6n arrcr. 

Nsto! lt ll Inl.l'Btlnq to lac fhat cn€ 6galn, flr.rc 

lr, proporal b.tor. th.8if rhldr tdld n6k. AAOrs 

niM I tr5ry. 

T 

I 

by Ddh PoWter 

In thf lall lcw y€arr thct! ha! been e virtual erplogion in 

parachut! equlpmont. Accompenying this grolit€rstion ol 

parachule! l! an avalanche of pap€n lh€ n€cesgaty packing 

In!iruction!, changc notlc€s, ownd't manuals and olhar 3uP 

port publio€tlons- Thes6 manuals ere 8n absolule n cessily 

to lh€ parachuto rlggct and ar6 very usetul to anyonc who has 

purclEsed, or who is conlomplating the purcheso ol, used 

6quipmanl 

H€r€ is a cunent rigglng publicatlon checkllsl. You may 

wi6h to send lor on€ or all, Thc ptice. noled includ€ lhipping 

charEra and havc b€€n recenlly v€rtlied by lhe 3ourca- 

Advrncsd Aif Sporls Producls, Inc 

990 €alt Lekcaho.a Ofive 

Lak6 Elsinorr. CA 923:b 

Prcsefte | & lll 

f.nclom FFE-102 

Enlcrylitc, Emery.ncy eack 

Puadactyl 

Double xeel Dectvl 

tsach Uo SWtam. Hang Alide. 

Alpha Par*Equiprcnt 

Fll. ,2. Box 1aO 

gardstown KY d000it 

AL.2 'felslu ' rereN€ pecking tn3trucl6ns 

tl N tq) 

t0o 

tq) 

t00 

t00 

il00 

Comcl tnlelnrtlonrl Alr. Inc 

2233 Huron OriYc, Soulh' 

Sante An.. CA 9270r 

CnW 228 Sau.r. 

oovllla ll Comptn! 

3O2 @nnic Lyhn D.i[ 

Monro.. LA t12(l 

Oev6o Cmaancr 

Embury Sky Sy!tom!. Inc 

3XXX, Wesllong Strcat 

Lrkr El!ind!. CA 92330 

2a' E 26 H.nq Gtider Parechute 

22' Ntng Ctlder Pqtachula 

FXC Corporalion 

31Il Wrsl Wgrnal Avlnuc 

Santr An., CA9210/ 

Modal U)oO au'omelc ooenu oflnor s mgnual 

Mod,rl 12000 aulofrelic oocncr oanar s manual 

lh€ Jumg Sheck Inc 

29t06 Grand Bivet Avenue 

Fa.min€lon Hrlls. Ml .18024 

SSI Owner'3 Mtnur, 

Putl Out Pilot Chute 

SSf,Racet.f.ane. 

otc 

nlc 

ntc 

nlc 

nlc 

ntc 

ntc

The Rigger's Library 

FlogsGporl 

,t87 Sp6r! Fded t3 

Oatvrlle. Onlano L5X 3S4 

Canada 

E 2 FlVdr Fhght Manu,t 

Sly Sgo.ls, Inc 

FR ,2 

Hutchlnson. KS 67501 

Micro-ptg zN Supct-otg ptcAnq ,dsltucttons 

,2.@ 

ntc 

Senl I nell f adddm I n slsl lalen 

Ltle Cenoov lSSf Codl a6e, 

Lt?e CanopYlDtapel 

CombnatEn l andem 

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NOTE: Many o, lhe above listod manuals and more may ba 

ordered lrom srngle source3- Wrile lo lho tollowing lor com. 

plele lislings: 

Par*Gea. Eeutpmenl Co. 3839 West Oakton Slreel, Skokie, 

lL 60076: or 

Butlet Parachule Syslems, Inc. 401-A East Fawnrldo" Orivs. 

Austin. Tx 78753. 

I 

GO S.cuflly Patfthule!. Inc 

P O Bor JOs6 

San Lerndro, CA 94578 

CrossDou Mtnual 

| 92fr Salalf-Cnule Manuel 

fhundsbou Medutl 

Siatn RataNa Pachng lnrlruc?,ons 

SAC n.nual 

2C' LoPo RasaNO Manuel 

JsO Ser,.r Selr?y C"tula :tanuel 

Unia Manutl 

Sltltm Menvel 

Sky Supplras, Inc 

Rt fl. Bor Eg,tA 

O.Lrnd, FL 32720 

F.ptd fnnul S'1t?am - 

Strong Enl.rp.lsr! 

t l2S S.trllllr Blvd 

Orlarrdo, FL 32809 

Styrrmarrarrnd Slamtlct Siaftlc. Manual (SC 3Ut 

POP IOP R.t.rya Safriac U.nutl ISC frst 

Par*Cuthion S..t S.Nico lrenu.l (SC 3oo 

P..!{uthl.ongtch SrrulcrAtaruer(St lltt ,, i ! 

Sttilta.S.nlc.rttnu.t(Soggt . .'" ' '" h 

gupplcman,al Pfttlng lnttrvcnonrlot ', r 'i'; ri ' r 

OEp.. EAulp''.tt 2C' c,noql 

€tgle Sy'aam ftndam 

The 1981 U.S. Team 

q 

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3.U) 

tcn 

50 

t00 

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50 

300 

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IN 

Manuals. infonnalron and kils lor in-llight line release 

sy3tems lreseRe sfeerability modilicalion) may b€ obtained 

Irom: 

Par+lnnovators, 171 East First St.. Perrls. CA 92370 

Para-Gear Eouipment Co, 3&]9 Wesl Oaklon Sl , Skokie, lL 

6m76 

Charloa K Walers 3!09 Canyon Drive, Waco, TX 76708. 

Th. Milllary Connccllon 

There ar6 some very good mililary manuals availablo to the 

generrl public. Th€ problem is lhat they ara little known oul. 

srde lhe scrvrce3 and lew ol the Det)ole who know of them 

know how to oblain them. 

. To g€l th6 lwoinch lhick, loossleaf a3sernbly and packing 

ttcsllsa publi3hed by lho U S. Navy, sp€city "Manual, Arr. 

Crew Sy3tems, Parachutes, NAVAIR 13-162" and send $10 

to: OirEctor, Navy Publlcatlons and Printing S€rvice Oflice, 

Building 157-2, Washinglon Navy Yad, Washington, DC 

203!X'. 

. To get the lechnical manual published by the Alr Force, 

specity ''AO-A070 25l {p8pert, Becovery Syslem! D€sign 

Guidr" and send 324 lo: Nationel Tachnical lntormatlon Service, 

O€partmeni of Commcfce, Sprlngfiel.l, VA22151. 

. Thc Nary School manual! Jtav6 been chang?d and lhey 

conlain litlle ot value to th€ sport rigoer/lump€r now. They 

mav slill b€ oblained lrom some oarachulc dealers Ask for 

"Navy Menual, Aircrow Survival Equipmenlman 3&2" at about 

35 and 'Navy Manual, Aircrew Supival Eouipm€nl 1&C" al 

aboul 34 50. 

. Olher manual3 usalul to the riggcr and soort perachutisl 

are "Thc Parachule Manual'at (n.95 and 'Parechuting, The 

Skydivo.s' f{andbook" al 3695, available from: Part 

Publishing, PO 8ox 1?'32-204, Santa Ba?bara. CA 93103. 

. Intormallon on the Stevens Cutaway Sysrem may be ob 

tained lrom: St3vens Pa?a-Loll. Antioch Airpofl, Anlroch, CA 

9.590. 

. Your rigqing library will ncl be complete wilhoul sorne 

imporlanl USPA documents, avarlabl€ lhrough USPA, 806 

l5th Slreet, Washinglon. OC 20005 Include Davmenl wilh 

youf request: 

USPAPartll. JlMCh.cts4EtEtngs 

SOg 

USPA Pan I 19 Auxtllary tq?saNel Patachute 5t 

USPA Pail 120. EautDment 50 

USPASOP2I EouDmantDelecls 

nlc 

Publication!, like tool!. ara a onled oossession of lhe oarachule 

riggec he wanls a complele and uo-lo{ale sel To lhe 

non-rigger. lhe inlofmalion thev qonlarn rs vrlal. inlereslrng 

and educalional Euild you, patachutrng library by sendrng lor 

the above lisled publicalions loday 

'Cl b5 F Povnr., 

Aboul the Aulhor 

Fcrme. USP4 Boerd ocmEtat Oan Poyotens 

the aulho( ol seve.el 6oohg on ilqqng anat 

oatachultng and .ecenllV UodaleCt hts S!udl 

aoutsa tor tka F AA seno, ngge( ceiltticato

Tbchnical Bulletin 14 

lh. Alllludr Shoo 

9t 7 lenn.sg* Slreel 

vell8io. CA 9.1590 

foo 9ct.t PtggyDec^ FaseNC 

Prcrinq tns,ruclions 

Cletsillict Plggybtck 

CoBail P.gEyo.ck 

Nolica on fop Secral 

Notice on Clesstlltel 

Noltcc on Fl.plLnes 

Bullg, Parachulr SYstemS. Inc 

r0l-A Erlt Frwnridgc 

AuEtln. TX 787Sj 

SEfA Em.ry.ncv Svs?em 

Nalioml Parachute Supply 

PO Bor l0OO 

93 0O Fl€minglon, NJ 08822 

NP.5 pachtng tnsltucl nns 

350 

lfu Norlh arierlcrn A€.odynamrca 

ntc Hwy i02 

ntc Flemrnglon, NJ 08822 

ntc 

Ss.N 

NAA.I Min Syslem Besorycassombll 

znd Dtc^nq tntltvchong 

NAA-P.l Mint P,g R€sed! assef,or', 

,nd Pacttng tn sltucltons 

NAA Flal Pac,t Frsrrya rsstmD/y 

end gecktng tnsltucllons 

t0 50 

t0 50 

g 

& 

NAA Condq PiEgybach atsomblv 

€nd Dtchtng inSlruclrons 

Jtlber? Pare FDtl 5. 2nd 7 calll 

NCltdo tnstructuons 

Pa.a Flrla l^c aFd Slev" Snvrler Erl?ro.rse3- Inc 

5801 Magnolra Aq 

Plnnsauken NJ 0E109 

Sltrto- Stet F hgil M onual 

gl.alo-Slat en.t S?.alo Cloud wtth lhG thdet 

reelnq me,ilod packtng nslruchons 

Saolt@l MX 20@ aulomalrc Ooeoe. Owne. a Uanual 

Pen.Ptane tnstaltrton ns?.ucttods lot 

,2dltng hna qt?h s||tvel allAchdcnl bullet,n 

Pa.e Planr rcR sqtvel allachmenl dtEotDn 

Pea Plsna Fltehl Che.* filfr Method 

6 Jutt. 77 

MX2@ Senttnat mod to, Slrong POP rOP 

Flesene Eyslem 

Slnlnal MX 2OU) senals agl3 57OO rccall doltco 

Senltnel 2000. Olhe. Pn Soectnqs 

Pt.a. F hte Cenop0s | 4slt uc t,on s 

PEatla.l 

Mf.tMf 2 

Surto-Flter 

Parls trst 

SalDIv-F lvet 

XL Ctouct 

Sr/.ry-Srat 

erusar 

Para-Gear Eourgmenl Co 

:939 wesl Oakton 

Skokio lL 60076 

PqE-Coilm€n.|et Hendbaoh bv Leqts 

PareJnnovalot! 

l7l E Firll Sl 

P?rris, CA 92370 

Pigiel "2" Uatn CaoooV Pachnq lFstruclrcns 

Pigle? '2" Resava Canoov t60Al I te3 26 | 

Pechng nslruclions 

50 

50 

ntc 

ntc 

ntc 

ntC 

nlc 

ntc 

ntc 

1tc 

dtc 

ntc 

olc 

dc 

nlc 

ntc 

t3 00 

Jt 00 

tN 

Perachul€s Auslralia Ply Lld 

68 Wantwo.lh Avenua 

Sydn€y. NSW m10 

Australia 

Ptgmea Ownq s ltlEoual 

Piqdee Chtnga Nohca l3 

Pigmae Ch'nge Nolice as 

PiEmca easefla Pecktn' lnskuclrcnl 

Sl t fr oach Pacitig I n s lruc lton s 

ShmDech Sel.h NoleS 

Pull Ou, Pilol Chuldt 

Ploncr Paradhula Com6anv, Inc 

Ftonear Indu3tlill Parh I 

Mencht!l€r. CT oGOa0 

Pa.t Coilmandu O-nq s Menual 

Pea- Satl.)*Nr's Mrnual 

Ooa.altng Pm6"duas lot Atcendlnq Ptnchul?3 

add S.llrnlltang Wlngs by Na!frtrk 

fhnD.ch Ptnehul'a Atsenhtv tPA-fP 2612t 

Pechtng tns?ruc?,ons 

Jery Sitd AutilEw Conltnc, lPlN 2612-ll 

Paclung nsa.ueaions 

26' Dicmalar Aurtlltty Peaciule 

IPIN 2J2a t 21r2t Ches?.typt tssembtv 

PeckinE insrrucltont 

PscRng lnslruclious- Srpplemcnl !il lha 

Pioocer 23' end 27' nuss,en Pee-Commendcl 

Pecrhg lnsnucilons 2J' ditme?e. Ch"st Fes"d? 

Paehng lns,rucnods, PA OAC-28 

Packing lntlruclto8. PA 9.8 

Pdcltnj lnrlruclions, 23 diamrlu Perc fwtn Reserye 

Peadtclyl Ctnogl FliEhl \ltnuel 

ntzror-gack O||dct's Manuel 

Volplana Ownea't ManuEl 

Volpltne Fdck nq h s ttvcl ions A ilendman l 

Aussian Pt.t-Comm?dda. Salely Eullc?n 

|7 Octo6.r, t973 

23' & 26' Aur'l[ry PtEchute Nohce 

AugusJ 1975 

23' fn-Conrctl Noticc. t6 Auqus, t976 

s2.75 

nrc 

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100 

3.SO 

3.4, 

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t.25 

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PAITACHUTE PATENTS 

Irr each edition of the newslettetr we will print as many patent abstracts as space allows. It 

is hoped this inlormation will advalce the sport, the industry and the state-of-the-art bv 

informing meDte?! of recent developments. For a copy of the full patent, request bv 

number and send 50C for each to U.S. Patent Office, Washington DC 20231. Frrll patents 

contain drawings, all claims, references to other patents and the filinq date. 

us 3e89207. 

NOV 02r 1976. 

PAR^CHUTE WTIH DELAYET,) OPENIN6- 

HAD f R+IEI NI-8. 

IHC INV€NTION RELATES TO A PARACHUTE HAVING A CIRCULAR CANDPY AAID 

RIGGITG LINES SECURED YO THE EASE OF SAIO CANOPY. A COMI\UOUS SIRIP 

OF IIAIERI,TL IS ^TTACHCO 

TO SAID RIGGING LINES EELOI{ THT CANOPY SASE 

I{HEREBYI DURING FOLDING UP OF IHE CANOPY DURING PACKING OF IYE 

PARACI{U] E, A SECTION OF THE STRIP BETI{EEN EACIT P IIR OF ADJACENT 

RTGGING LiIIES CAN BF FOLDED IN SETHEEN TACH RESPECTIVE SFCTION 8F TIJE 

CANOPY. 

us E029()24. 

NOV 02, 1q76. 

PAR ACHUTE . 

REF FELL-8R IAN.{I ICHARO.ARNOLO. 

A P AKACHUTE FOR USE I N OESCENTS OVER !{ATER HAV IIIG L'DI{^R IJLY FAC I NG 

POCKETS SOI{E OF ||IHICH FILI. WITH 'IATER 

AS T}I€ PARACHUTE IS DCAGGED 

OVER THE HATER TO AIO,TTI THE DEFLATION CF THE PARACHUTF. 

us $8.rJEo 

JUN l? l9-f5. 

PARACHUIT DRYING APPIKAIUS. 

SERUP-ALFRFO. 

A PARAChUTF DRYING APPARATUS HhICH FFTPLNY:; AN AIRTIGHT FLFTIELF CI]VFR 

PUSITIOTTED OVER A ORYING SURFACE i,TTH TFIf 2ARAcIJUTT TrI 8E pLAcEtI Irr A 

C(INFIII€I, AREA 9EII,IE5N TI{E ORYING SU.{FACE ANU IHE COVER,. IHE IRYING 

SURFALE I5 OIVIOFI,I INTO A PLURALITY CF SEPIKATF PLAT€ S I{TTH A HFATING 

ELFilENT CTINIITCTFO TO fACH PLATE AND BEIIIG INt)IVIOUALLY CONTROLLEO 

Ttl TEHPERATUR€. a vacuUM Is ro tE oRAt{tt faITHIrt ThI cn.tFI!Eo {REA 

RF.SULTIIiG IN THt: FLEX IIILE COVER EEITIG PR'ISSTO O[] i{N AGATNSI rHE 

PAITACHUTE FIR.qLY cCxPAcTING IHE PARACTTUTE TATERIAL I]0HTI To A MINIHAL 

fHICKNF:,S CVFR fHF FNlI,RE ORYING SUKFAcE. THE PARAcHUIE Is THUS AI 

ALL IIMI S HELO INTO CLOSE PHYSICAL CONTACT I..lIIH THE HEATFO OC,YtNG 

SURFACF' thFRFF3RF RECEIVES HEAT ENIRGY AT A R.lPID ^\O 

RATF 3Y 

CLtNtrUCTlOtl . IN THlS CDI'IOITION IVACUUTI AtlD APPLI ED Hf ATI TFI rrnlSTrJRE 

IS IVAPURATEU AIIO E,

PN 

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U S +O5t1276 . 

NOV l5r 1e77. 

PILDT CHUTE CROI{N LINC ATTACHHENT SYSIFI.t. 

BRO I{i{-HER B ER T_R . 

A SYS'I €,|| FOR. ATTACHIN6 THE PILOT CHUTE TO THE CROIN ^REA 

OF A I{AIN 

PARACHUTE hAVING A PA.IACHUIE VFNT PULL OO},N APPARAIUS INcLUoING A 

THOf.IG-OISC ASSEHELY ANT' A CROHN LINE ASSEI,IELY SECUREO IO THE PILOT 

CHUTE t}RIDLE. TH€ PI LOT CHUTE ERIOLE IS CONT.IECTEO F€'HEFN THE PILOT 

.-HUT€ ANC} A POSTTTON or{ IHE I.IAIN PARACHUTE CANOPY ADJACENT THE CROI|N 

AREA. THE PILOT CHUTT BRIOLE ANO SIX CROYN TINES ARE EOUALLY SPACED 

AROI,{U THE CROI,N ARTA OF THE CANOPY. EACH OF THE Stx CRoI{iI LTNES 

INCLUDTS A LOOP AT THETR FREE ENOS. THE THONG-DTSC ASSEI4BLY INCLUOES 

SIX FAERIC THONGS EQUALLY SP^CED TOGETHER WITH THE BRIDLE AROUNO 

^ 

CIRCULAf( OTSC. THE CROI{N LINE ASSEMBLY ITICLIJOES SEVEN PANELS I{ITH 

rH€ PILOT CHUTE BRIDLE LIHE BEIT.IG SECUREO ALONG THE JUNCIION OF TYO 

PANELS ANO WEBEING IIEXSER SECUREO ALONG OIHFR JUNCIION LINES SET}IEEN 

PANELS. PTLOT CHUTE IiRIDLE ATIACHfiENI LOOPS ARE CONNECTED TO THE 

I{EBEING HEI{8ERS AhO P^SS T}fi.OUGH A LOOP DN TH€ 6RIOLE. THONG-DISC 

ATTACH'{EIIT LOOPS ARE ALSO SECURED TO THE XEEBING }TEHBERS ANO PTSS 

IHROUGH THE LOOPS ON THE CROI{N LIN€S ANO THEN ENGAGE fHE THONGS ON 

TH€ TIlONG-OISC ASSE'I8 LV. 

us 3elo457- 

ocr ()7, 19?5. 

ELECTROilIC H^TER_ACTIVATED PARACHUTfi RELEASE ANO LIFE VEST I\FLATOR. 

SUTLIFF+,CDERICK-}I. FDHARDS-OAVID.I/. 

AN ILEC'RONIC I{AT€R-ACTIV^TTD PACKAGE IS DESCRI6FD FOR AUTOT{ATICALLY 

RELhASItTG { PARAChUIE CANOPY AirO INFLATING l,LlF€ VES' UPON IH|.TERSI(]r{ 

II{ I{ATER. SEPARATE ELECIRONIC IIATER-ACTIVAIEO PACKAGES ARE 

INCORPORATED INTO FRAI{ES OF EREAK AWAY IfE6BIIIG RELEASES SECURING THE 

PARACHUTE CAT.IOPY ID THE PARACHUT€ HARNESS, ,AND INTO INFLATING 

ASSEIIULIES LOCATFD AT THE BOI'OH OF EACH LAFEL OF A LIFE VEST. THE 

ELECTRT'ilIC I.IATER-^CII VATEO PACKAGE INCLU)ES AN, FIPLOSIVE SQUIB rND 

IIA'ER SENSING CIRCUITRY WHICH BOTH OETONATES THE EXPLOSTVE SQUrB AND 

HINIHTZES CURRENT LEAKAGE FROI{ A POTIER $JPPLY ALSO CONTAINED IN IHE 

ELECIT(ONICS PACKAGE. 

PN US .rt 17993 . 

PD OCT 03, le73. 

TI PARACI.IUIE CANOPY. 

ly PALr{{,oRENZ-r. HtqE-nAvltt4. 

A8 A PARACHUTE CATIOPY FORI.'ITD OF CIRCUT{FECENTIAL P. INGS OF STRETCH FAER IC 

WHICH STRETCH IN A CIRCUI'IFERENTTAL OIRECIION O"ILY. THE CANOPY IS 

FORHET qY A PLURALITY OF rRAPEZOIDAL FABRIC PANELS. SUBSEfS OF THESE 

PANELS FORf,l A PLURALTTY OF CINGS I|HICH EXIEND FROI{ THE CROHN TO THE 

SKtET. THE RAOIALLY INEO^RD RINGS TRE FORNEO FROil IHE STRETCH FAERTC 

AND ARE JOTNFD ALOT.IG THTIR AOJACENT CIRCUTIFERE{TTAL SEAFIS I{ITH T 

DITUELE RO'{ OF ZTG-ZAG STITCHING. THE RADIALLY OUTBOARD RINGS ARE OF 

A NCTI-SIRETCH F AFRIC ST'CH AS NYLON. 

US 4175722. 

NOV 27,1979. 

COTITROL SYSTT}I F(IR {AH qIR GLIDING CARACHUTE. 

HIG (;I IIS-TI I CHAEL-H. 

A SYSlE'.I FOR ITIDUCIIG TIJRiIS IT RAiI OIR CANOPY PARACHUTFS HAVING I 

PLUqALI TY OF OPfNINGS IN I}.tE UPPER SURFACE LAYER OF PIq,ACHtJTE 

CAI'IgPY WITH IHE OPE\I TI;S sEING EQUALLY OTSTRISUTEO CN 'HE OPPOSITE SIDE\ 

CF IHE PARNCHUTE CEI'ITTR,L I!!E. FLiPS ARE PROVIDED ON THE UiTOER SIDE OF 

TIJE UPPIR SURFACE LAYER TO CLOSE THE OPENINGS. CONTROL LINES ARE 

ATTACHFO TO IHE FLAPS FIIR SELECTIVELY OPEÎING THE FLAPS ON']ÎF OR T'48 

OTHER SIOE OF THE CENTERLINE TTI ALLOII RAITI ATR IO FLOl{ THROUGH THE 

CPE:IINGS. TIITS ES LIFT AT.ID INCREA3ES ORAG ON OHE SIDE OF T},tE 

RTH TIR CANOPY O^RACHIITF '{EDI'C TO TNDUCE A TURN.

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US {127246. 

NOV 28,Ie78. 

PARACHUTE AIR OITOP LOAD IHPACT REOUCING SYSIEM. 

ANDRES.JAI{ES-R. 

A SYSTEil FOR REDUCING THE GROUNO IHPACT OF A LOAO IN A PARACHUTE AIR 

DROP SYSTEII HAVING TXE PARACHUTE CANOPY ATTACHEO TO A FIRST PLATFORTI 

ANO f HE LOTD ATTAC},IED IO A SECOND PLATFORII . THE FIRSl PLATFORII AND 

SECONU PLAIFORH ARE CTJNNECTED TOGETHER gY A PLURALIIY OF EL^STTC 

COROS. THE ELASfIC COROS ARE HELD IN A RELAXEO STATE 8Y A STFFL 

CAELE CONNECTEO EETFEEN TH€ PLATFORTS. A GR(U{D Pf(O8E SUPPORTED ON A 

LINE A PR€DET€RI'IINED OISTAT.GE BELOII THE CARGO LOAD HAS SWI'CH 

CO}ITACTS HHICH CLOSE I'HEN THE PROE€ REAO{ES THE GROUND TO OPERATE A 

CABLE CUTT€R. THE CABLE CUTTER CUTS THE STEEL CABLE COIC{FCIED 

BETIIEEN IHE PLATFORHS IO PERXIT THE CARG0 To FREE F^LL UNOER TH€ 

RESTRAIIIT OF THE ELASTIC CORDS. ThE P^RTTALLY U{LO^DED CANOPY ANO 

rHE AIR MASS INERIIA UNDER THE CANOPY IS USEO TD SLOII THE CARGO LOÔ 

VELOCIIY JUST PRIOR TO TOUCH OOITN. 

PN US 4170424. 

PD OCt Oe, l9?9. 

TI PARACHUTE ATTACHT{E}IT SYIVEL. 

lv gcEulr-HELHUI . 

A8 A ST'IVFL ATTACHEO TO A HERMETICALLY SEALEO OEVICE OROPPED FROq HIGH 

ALTIIUDT,S TO SUSPEND IHE TIEVICE FRONI A PARACHUTE tNN ALLOII FREE 

ROTATINiI (IF THE DEVICE IO PREVENT TI/ISTING AND ENTANGLET{FTIT OF THE 

PAR ACITUTE OUR ING DE SC ENT. 

-: ' ,', ] , ., 

us 3e85321. 

OcT r?i 1e76. 

LINE REIEASE SYSTE'{. 

r,OOL}IAN{,AYIIOTITFCI. ÛTONATIC M ASSEY{ARREN-N. 

AN luro?,tArtc LtNE REL€ASE SySTET FoR sEvtBrrrc f,dtiicruTE suspENs tor.| 

LINES AT PKE-SET II TTE IN ORDER 

^ 

19 EVALU^TE PTRrcXUTE PERFORHTNCE 

UND€R coNrRoLL€o cor'oITtoNS. rH€ LtNF REL€AsE'SYsrEH UTtLIZEs AN 

ELECTROf.IIC TIHER ANO SI{ITCHING CTRCUIT TO ENERGIZE STRANOS 9F HIRE 

INBTJRNX }'IREI {RAPPED ABOUT THE DESIRED SUS2ENSION LINfS AT DOINT 

NFAR IHF RISER COM{ECIOR LINXS TO BURN THROUGH THE LINE S AIIO ^ TI,.tTRERY 

RELEASE THE}I . 

US 3904e8.f . 

OCT lZt Le7tr. 

C(INTROLLFO ACTUATCR. 

cH[\nlER-FRANCOIS-x. COGSr€LL-PHILLIP-L. 

AN:XPL('SIVE INITIATCR FOC A PARACHUTE RIP CORD R€LEASE I{CLUDES A 

HAMT{€R AND FIqIIIG SPR ING ITOUNTED AT ONE ENO OF A CARTR IDGE CHA{FFR 

AiID AII ANEROTO I}€VICE ANO TRIGGEq HECHANTSI{ HOUNTED IT ITS NTHEl E{D' 

A SLIDAOLE SFAR F XT[I{DS ALONG IH€ CACTR IOGE CHAI'tBER' CCMIECTEO AT 3\E 

Et{O TO THF HAIII{FR ATO HAVIVG A CA?{ CO^TI{ECI TNN HI TH THE TRIGGFq 

MECHANISH AT IT5 rrrHE R END. THE NORIIlLLY UNCOCKEO HATHER lS {AfflrtLLV 

CCCKET' lC SLIDE TT{€ SEAR AND THECEBY iIO!G THE T?IGGEC MECI'{ANISH I\IO 

AII I-'PERATIVE POSITIr:rl UTIDFR CONTqOL OF THE ANEROID OFVICE. AS 

AI.IEIFIIT PqFSSURE t''EC.REASES SELOIT A PREDETERI'tINED VALUF' lHE AN€ROID 

DFVICF RELEASFS THE TRIGG€R tECHqNISil TN THFRFEY RFLFASF TTS 

RLSTqA tilT t'PON rl0tlnrJ oF Tf{E sEAR Al"lo ALLot{ IHE SPRING TO DR IVE rHE 

nat{rlER,r\D U€lertArE A CARTRIDGF Irl TH€ CHAf{BEq. CARTRICGE DETONATIOiI 

fiRI vE5 AN aCTUilc( oI.sT.l\ THAT IS CCrt'IECTED TO T!|€ PARACHUTS CIP C3RD 

q L EA5E.

]EERI 

'ORUIN 

WafnlngS-Paft I . . . Never assume user has evenge intettigence 

Pnr[p M. t]n t3 

S.nb. Pr.har. 

lrorns, 

lldrco.t e miar 

Bclon. MA 

The conridcmtlon o[ wemingr, instructiom 

end limitrtlons mav appcar to bc 

thc leei llep in lhc menufacturin8 pnx. 

esr. Design onsidcretions traditionallv 

iwolvc rh€ schalon ol mrtcrials and 

configurations, humen facton rnd opcreain8 

rltcrnalivcs. 

L:gel remificatiom requirc thal the 

utilhy of a product ompered to thc 

hezard of usc must bc omidered. Some 

pfttduc{s lrc inhaently dangercur. 

Gesollnc i! thc simplcst erarnplc, lt is 

not cflcctive unbls it i! highly ombustiblc. 

Whib guolinc muld bc uscd rr a 

charcul lighter nuid, it ir chrrly much 

too danScrous lor ihh F|rtosc. Coregucntly. 

the danger frr outwcilhs thr utilig ol mertetbg 

rrslinc mther than lome less volatilc lrydrmrboo. 

As designcrs pGed with th"trworl thct 6lFuld ffisidet 

fbtenrial hmrds aslociltcd wirh product nsc- Every imaginablc 

herrn thrt thc product ml3ht produce nocd not h|G listcdlr 

is importsnt to consldtr rh6a derlcr! t}!t thc |rcr may 

reumbly bc apectcd lo elFordtcr. Thir fu. in ftct, mc of 

lhe manufecturcr's principd hgal dutics: to *rrn 6.r: of rll 

reasnrbly forrccablc hrzrr& .rd rittr ersffhtEd wirh the 

use of thc prodoct. 

Thir initi.l ccrlurtite Ert.b irEb& bc coddcr|rioo 

of rcesonrbly mticipro:d nfuceoftta po&ct, A'pcnrsal of 

Consumcr Plodwt Seftty Gonnbctoo rsFrt! of iojudc. 

confirmr Murplry'r [.rr: if r plo&cr c!r!,& rhnrd, il pdl 

bc. The designcr ntd rccEpt t|l ftrnbc thrt coosnncrs 

ranE" grrltly in tfralLctod crpcilt,'$"Hc|ltcni +dtrc? 

tionrl backgroondiomrnxr! src md rbility !o rcd.Our 

courts. io thcir wisdorn. hrc aercn0y ruhd thrt lhc rrmings 

and in|trmtions officrd wirh thc producf mwt bc 

desi$rcd to alcrt ell clasccr o0 afticiprrGd connrmcn of 

ordinary prudencc. 

Thcc aru sveEl ltlrl Fcmiss giviry risc to lirbility 

unds r feilurc to nrn rhcory. Thc firsr i! Jrrfo:r ton lirbility 

A tort is a legel rron3 or breech of duty. Slricl tort liabilitt, 

th€n, i! liibilitv impoced hv lrw df, r minufaclurct who slb 

I def"crive or hazrr&ur produa rhich is unrrrsmbly 

dangerous lo r crnumcr or usr. Liebility anock!, not 

wirhlttnding. thrt thc scllcr hr ercrcicd rll posible carc in 

thr pr"prration and salc of hls pmduct. Despitc it3 rEnt 

vinletc, the doctrinc of slttc't tort llability has, ro e gtar 

extcnt,:upcrcded nc3litrncc and mmnty cctions cs a 

principal csusc of action in p.odrrt-rchted acidents. 

A cus of sc{ion predicrtcd on strict ton lisbiliry iJ 

amrrld of four crsentiel el€l&nts: 

a A product that k dcfecrive; and 

b that raches the conrumr without sube tantial change in 

its mnditbo frcm tlrc tlme it war oripnally sld; with 

c. a defect that rendes fhc product unrcmnabl! dangerous: 

and 

d which dcfqct @u3cs or snrribures to an in jury suffeml 

hv th€ ultimai? user 

A victim may bring a claim against a preduct supplicr for a 

manu[acturing defect, dcign dcfects or. under rhc principal 

subiet ol ihis article. marketrnt defecl3 ( failure to wam ) 

The wuning claim can arise from thc failure to provide: 

l. any wrming, or 

2. an adequnte wanrlng of tha dan3ers and hazards involved 

in the use of the Drodud. or 

-1 appropriate instructions for the safe usc of thc prulua. 

For rhe manufacturer to bc held liablc, the plaintiff mrrst 

csrtbliJh that thc maoufacturd acrually knew or could 

retsonably foresr the risk of herm inhercnt in rhe Foduct in 

itr intendcd or teamnably foresteablc use. Furlhcr, thc 

prcduct musl !ffsss I mrrketint dclect, i-c.. a failure to 

provide any wming or an adcquatc waming or adequate j 

irrttuctions and dircctims- Furthcr, rh€ ab*nce of any I 

waminB or instruclions must render the pnrduct unreLsnably 

danlerour to the ultimete user. Finally. rhe failure ro 

wern or instruct must reDrcsant a otorimete cause t:f the 

ucr's injury 

The duw to wam typimlly ariscs when a danger prescnted 

by r producl exc?eds thal contemplated or undentood by the 

ordinary mnsumer. It i3 thc test of the "ordinary consurner" 

fhat contrcls. 

Effective warningr mGt incorporatc three essntinl charx. 

teristi'* Thef include the duty ro: 

I give appmpriate instructions or dircctions for safc and i 

pntpcr usc of thc produa; 

2. warn of dangen inhlrent in thc preduct when us.d in a 

pmpar mrmcr and for i$ intended purgxe: and 

Worn usatt of oII naso;ably 

lorcscefib hn4rdt and rishc . 

3. p'mvide sdequre warnings of the dangen end hazrds 

inhertnr in a rcaronably fo;eseeable but unintended usc of 

lhc Droduct. ' 

Most "failurc to warn'suitr efis from tbc failure m adopr 

this criteria. 

Not all huardr are ag4nrcnt cither at thc "dnwing board" 

ltagE or after prrtotypc lesling DesiSners and manufacturers 

frcqucntty leern o( a l.teot defect only alter mme pcrio'd 

of rtuel usc by rcnsumen. Some courts have held that ir is 

lhc continuin8 obligation of manufactures to issue new 

rarnings aod to losale and notif prior purchares of their 

prrduqts' hdsrdJ bv the bcst mcans availahle Several courr 

have gonc so far as lo impos liabilily on product designers 

when thc mdceFl besmas snaiquated and hazardous ghen 

compared to cumnt statc-of-thc-art developmenar 

Frcquently, thc dut-v to wam is omrensurate with the 

inhcrena deDgcroucre:s ol thc product involved. Ccrtain 

prodwts bccausc of their inhcrent propcnsitics prescni the 

lntentirl for rcrious ham lo lhe consumcr. These oruluqts 

include chemicals. hcavy industrial machincrv. prcsscs and 

all tvpes o[ vehicles. Whilc the designer of specialized 

products generallv can assume that the intended consumet 

*ill have a high degrre of sophistication and undenranding 

comeminB the product, (he danBer ol a re-sale or ust hy 

unskilled or unlmined personnel becomes r present threat 

when considering the adcquocv of wamings ! 

Nert time: Ch.ctllsr for pmpcr rerningr 

186/Oesign Ndsi l-24-83

Paracfiuln tquipmnnt Industry ilssnuiatiun - Parachute Industry ...

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