Glossary of terms on livestock manure management 2003 - Ramiran
Glossary of terms on livestock manure management 2003 - Ramiran
Glossary of terms on livestock manure management 2003 - Ramiran
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RAMIRAN <str<strong>on</strong>g>Glossary</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>terms</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>manure</strong> <strong>management</strong> <strong>2003</strong> 34<br />
MECHANICAL<br />
SEPARATION<br />
MECHANICAL<br />
SEPARATOR<br />
OLIGOLYSIS<br />
SOIL TREATMENT<br />
CONSTRUCTED<br />
WETLANDS<br />
The mechanical separati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> coarse, fibrous material from<br />
LIQUID MANURE, especially SLURRY, to produce a more<br />
free-flowing LIQUID FRACTION and a stackable SOLID<br />
FRACTION. The products are easier to manage than<br />
SLURRY. The LIQUID FRACTION requires less power for<br />
pumping through pipes, for mixing and for AERATION and is<br />
less likely to form a CRUST or sediment during storage. There<br />
is also an improvement in FERTILISER VALUE. The SOLID<br />
FRACTION can be COMPOSTED and managed as SOLID<br />
MANURE.<br />
A machine for the MECHANICAL SEPARATION <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> SLURRY.<br />
There are several different types <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> machine with different<br />
principles <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> operati<strong>on</strong> that produce LIQUID and SOLID<br />
FRACTIONS with different DRY MATTER CONTENTS. They<br />
include:<br />
• Sieves. These types comprise a perforated metal or<br />
plastic screen or mesh through which the LIQUID<br />
FRACTION separates through gravity sometime aided<br />
by the applicati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> pressure by rollers, for example.<br />
These include rotating drum, vibrating screen, inclined<br />
screen, roller press and belt press machines.<br />
• Centrifuges. These rely <strong>on</strong> rapid rotati<strong>on</strong> creating<br />
sufficient centrifugal force to separate out a LIQUID<br />
FRACTION.<br />
• Screw press/press auger. A screw or auger with a<br />
c<strong>on</strong>tinuous flight rotates inside a cylindrical metal tube<br />
so squeezing out a LIQUID FRACTION and discharging<br />
a SOLID FRACTION at the end <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the tube.<br />
A small electric current is passed between two electrodes in<br />
stored LIQUID MANURE so releasing i<strong>on</strong>s, usually copper,<br />
into the <strong>manure</strong>. The process is claimed to have a bactericidal<br />
effect, to reduce CRUST, SEDIMENT and ODOUR formati<strong>on</strong>.<br />
With copper electrodes, it can significantly increase the copper<br />
c<strong>on</strong>tent <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the LIQUID MANURE.<br />
The treatment (e.g. removal <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> BOD and some PLANT<br />
NUTRIENTS) by percolati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> liquid through a suitable freedraining<br />
soil (e.g. Solepur Process), or by overland flow <strong>on</strong><br />
more impermeable soils.<br />
A c<strong>on</strong>structed, semi-natural area <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> land typically comprising<br />
beds <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> specialised plant such as reeds (Phragmites spp) and<br />
gravel filled channels. They have potential for the treatment<br />
(e.g. removal <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> BOD and PLANT NUTRIENTS) from dilute<br />
farm EFFLUENTS such as PARLOUR WASHINGS.