Scotland's Wildlife â an assessment of biodiversity in 20

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Biodiversity trends – Scotland’s ecosystems Scotland’s nature and Scotland’s people depend on the maintenance of healthy, functioning ecosystems. The importance of this message has been brought home by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and is being developed further by The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity project and the UK National Ecosystem Assessment. Scotland's species and habitats are part of dynamic systems that continue to adapt to reflect changes in their environment. Plans and strategies need to anticipate alterations to the distribution and abundance of species, and take account of natural interactions. Management needs to work with nature, fostering resilience at landscape and ecosystem scales so that ecosystems are able to maintain their basic functions and processes in the face of pressures, such as from climate change. It should do this by preserving and encouraging natural physical and chemical processes, reversing habitat fragmentation, developing ecological networks that allow species to move through the landscape, and allowing habitats and species to recover. An ‘ecosystem’ is a dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit. At a broad scale, Scotland can be characterised by five broad ecosystem settings: 1. Coastal and marine 2. Lowland and farmland 3. Fresh water and wetland 4. Woodland 5. Upland Those broad categories provide a framework for biodiversity action in Scotland. 22
5 Coastal and marine ecosystems
Page 1 and 2: Scottish Natural Heritage Scotland
Page 4 and 5: Table of Contents Table of Contents
Page 6 and 7: Foreword Roseanna Cunningham, MSP M
Page 8 and 9: 1 Introduction Biodiversity is the
Page 10 and 11: 2 Executive summary Biodiversity is
Page 13 and 14: 2.2 Scotland’s biodiversity indic
Page 15 and 16: Fluctuating 1. Marine fishing place
Page 17 and 18: A summary of condition assessments
Page 19 and 20: 3 The biodiversity of Scotland
Page 21 and 22: Collectively, Sites of Special Scie
Page 23 and 24: together with the adaptation of nat
Page 25 and 26: conservation bodies, agri-environme
Page 27 and 28: 4 Climate change
Page 29 and 30: 4.2 Coastal and marine In the seas
Page 31: Section B
Page 35 and 36: of Scotland and the north-west of I
Page 37 and 38: Condition of notified features in p
Page 39 and 40: The overall appraisal of coastal an
Page 41 and 42: 5.4 Wildlife indicators Environment
Page 43 and 44: identifying a short list of ‘mari
Page 45 and 46: 6 Lowland and farmland ecosystems 6
Page 47 and 48: Figure 6.3 Change in extent of neut
Page 49 and 50: lowland dry acid grassland; lowland
Page 51 and 52: 6.4 Wildlife indicators Butterfly t
Page 53 and 54: 7 Freshwater and wetland ecosystems
Page 55 and 56: 7.2 Habitat condition According to
Page 57 and 58: The development of river basin mana
Page 59 and 60: Condition of notified features in p
Page 61 and 62: cristatus; white-clawed freshwater
Page 63 and 64: 7.5 Action for biodiversity The fiv
Page 65 and 66: 8 Woodland ecosystems 8.1 Habitat e
Page 67 and 68: 8.2 Habitat condition Based on 464
Page 69 and 70: Table 8.2 Trends in woodland priori
Page 71 and 72: Table 8.4 Action Implementation 201
Page 73 and 74: 9 Upland ecosystems The extent and
Page 75 and 76: Dwarf shrub heath Dwarf shrub heath
Page 77 and 78: Figure 9.5 Change in the extent of
Page 79 and 80: Four habitats assessed in 2005 were
Page 81 and 82: Table 9.3 Action Implementation 201
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10 Scotland overview The landmass o
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10.2 Habitat condition By recording
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The proportion of habitats which we
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Table 10.4 Trends in priority speci
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11 Assessing the 2010 target
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inland and groundwater pollution; m
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decline: between 2000 and 2050 biod
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11.1 Scotland’s contribution to t
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As well as being an integral part o
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5. The majority (84%) of 867 non-na
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Table 11.1 Natural Heritage Indicat
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Overall, 73% of notified habitats,
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Conservation status of priority (st
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Annex 1 - 2010 Indicator Framework
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1 Focal Area 2 Global - CBD 5 Cover
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1 Focal Area 2 Global - CBD 3 Europ
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1 Focal Area 6 Status of resource t
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Annex 2 Scotland's 2010 Biodiversit
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TARGET Summary of progress Progress
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Objective No. Target Action No. Act
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Annex 3b Marine and Coastal Ecosyst
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Annex 3c Farmland and Lowland Ecosy
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Annex 3d Freshwater and Wetland Eco
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Annex 3e Woodland Ecosystems Group
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Annex 3f Upland Ecosystems Group Ob
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Scotland's Wildlife â an assessment of biodiversity in 20