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Freemasonry: A Hybrid of Past and Present considered all other forms and practices of faith as inferior and promoted an absolutist view of religion. Adhering to the practice of religious freedom, eighteenth-century Masons allowed for an extraordinary degree of religious tolerance. After tracing the history of the Masons, Anderson’s Constitution addressed the ability of religious freedom that Masons had: “A Mason is oblig’d, by his Tenure, to obey the moral Law; and if he rightly understands the Art, he will never be a stupid Atheist, nor an irreligious Libertine. But though in ancient Times Masons were charg’d in every Country to be of the Religion of that Country or Nation, whatever it was, yet ‘tis now thought more expedient only to blige them to that Religion in which all Men agree, leaving their particular Opinions to themselves; that is to be good Men and true, or Men of Honour and Honesty, by whatever Denominations of Persusasions they may distinguish’d; whereby Masonry becomes the Center of Union, and the Means of conciliating true Friendship among Persons that must else have remain’d at a perpetual Distance.” 42 In opposition to the church, Masons allowed for religious freedom so as long one believed in a God. Masons did not mandate the Christian faith, faith in the Christian trinity, or any uniform mode of faith. Instead, the Constitution aimed to bring people together of different backgrounds and perspectives as long as they are moral and honorable. The Constitution gave the 42 Anderson, 48. 61
Quaestio individual brother the power to choose his religion, and thus provided a framework for a more liberal concept of religion. In eighteenth-century Europe, Christian thought changed radically due to the prominence of science, equality, and religious freedom, and there was no longer a singular standard to the Christian life. Masonry offered a hybrid belief, one part founded in the ancient Biblical wisdom of the past, and the other part founded in the radical wisdom of the eighteenth century. In Masonic society, a brother could be both a scientist and a Christian. In Masonic society, a brother could be a Christian and improve his status by merit and practice republicanism in the lodge instead of being subservient to the clergy. In Masonic society, a brother could practice any religion as long as he accepted a common moral law. Masonry networked these principles of science, equality, and religious freedom throughout Europe and effectively dissolved the Christian orthodoxy, replacing it with a radical brotherhood. 62
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Introduction QUAESTIO THE UNDERGRAD
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