TANZANIA COMMISSION FOR AIDS - Global HIV M&E Information

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General Symptoms of AIDS A number of symptoms are associated with AIDS. Some of these include the following: • Loss of appetite with weight loss of ten or more percent in two months or less • Swollen glands (lymph glands) in the neck, armpits, or groin that persist for three months or more • Severe fatigue (not related to exercise or drug use) • Unexplained persistent or recurrent fevers often with night swears • Persistent unexplained cough (not from smoking, cold, or flu) often associated with a shortness of breath • Unexplained persistent diarrhoea • Persistent white coating or spots inside the mouth or throat that may be accompanied by soreness and difficulty in swallowing • Newly appearing persistent purple or brown lumps or spots on the skin. • Nervous system impairment including general dementia, loss of memory, inability to think clearly, loss of judgement, and/or depression. Other problems such as headaches, stiff neck, and muscle weakness may occur It is important to note that any of these symptoms may be caused by disease other than AIDS, and this makes self-diagnosis difficult. However, if such symptoms persist or several appear at the same time, you should suspect exposure to HIV and should immediately see a physician familiar with the disease. The following points about HIV and AIDS also need to be considered carefully. • Having the HIV in one’s blood is not the same as having AIDS; most people carrying HIV in their blood stream remain symptom-free for several years (during which they can infect others, however) • Although most HIV+ people will sooner or later develop AIDS, it is unclear at this time whether all such carriers will go on to develop the disease. To date, approximately 5 percent of HIV+ people have remained free from progressive disease and maintain normal cell counts for a decade or more. Page 12
• There have been a few AIDS cases reported in which the person is not HIV+. This has led a few scientists to believe that HIV may not be the only cause of AIDS, although this view is not widely held. Common Illness Patterns Associated with AIDS Like the symptoms, AIDS is associated with a number of illnesses some of which may include the following: • Wasting or Slim Disease: Severe weight loss, body wasting, and weakness often associated with chronic diarrhoea and persistent coughing • Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS): An unusual cancer of blood vessels that occurs in the skin, mouth, lungs, liver, lymph glands, etc., giving rise to purplish spots or tumours. • Lymphomas: Cancers of the lymphocytes. • Aids-Related Dementia (ARD): a degeneration of the brain of the brain and spinal cord leading to the nervous system impairments • Vaginal fungus infections, abnormal growth of the cervix (uterine cervical dysplasia) and endocervical cancer HIV Prevention There are presently no safe preventive vaccines or totally effective treatments. The only preventive way is to assume responsibility for our own behaviour-sexual and drugrelated behaviour. Whether or not HIV/AIDS becomes increasingly widespread is really up to all of us! The key to prevention lies in understanding that HIV/AIDS is primarily spread by the intimate sharing of bodily secretions through sexual intercourse. As noted earlier, Sharing of HIV-infected cells (lymphocytes) in semen is responsible for more than 90% of all AIDS cases in Tanzania. The remaining percent is contributed by: • The sharing of blood by intravenous drug users • Mother to child during pregnancy or birth through the placenta or through the mother’s milk during nursing • Blood transfusion Specific preventive strategies and precautions include the following: • Abstinence-Avoiding both sex and drugs Page 13
Page 1 and 2: TANZANIA COMMISSION FOR AIDS [TACAI
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements
Page 5 and 6: Preface Our country has declared th
Page 7 and 8: Outline of Modules Prologue: Basic
Page 9 and 10: • HIV-1: the most common cause of
Page 11: sexuality. Poverty is yet another f
Page 15 and 16: Impact of HIV/AIDS The impact of HI
Page 17 and 18: • M&E helps in the mobilization o
Page 19 and 20: Types of evaluation There are three
Page 21 and 22: Goals, Outcomes, and Objectives In
Page 23 and 24: capture various dimensions of a pro
Page 25 and 26: Strategies are vehicles or means of
Page 27 and 28: Systems development involves the cr
Page 29 and 30: When exactly should outcome and imp
Page 31 and 32: Kinondoni district. If the indicato
Page 33 and 34: example above, the age for instance
Page 35 and 36: • Will the data be qualitative, q
Page 37 and 38: This step often surfaces only when
Page 39 and 40: 3. Ensure linkage between data coll
Page 41 and 42: to measure areas where particular e
Page 43 and 44: NATIONAL RESPONSE ON HIV/AIDS TACAI
Page 45 and 46: S/n 1 Reporting Details Level of Re
Page 47 and 48: 2.2.4 Do you have Workplace interve
Page 49 and 50: 2.4 Community Projects Number of ex
Page 51 and 52: 2 3 4 3. Community Care/ home based
Page 53 and 54: 5. RESEARCH Research/ Survey Area 5
Page 55 and 56: S/n 1 Reporting Details Level of Re
Page 57 and 58: screened 1.3.3 Number of blood dono
Page 59 and 60: 3.1 Health Sites providing ARVs acc
Page 61 and 62: 10 An Association 11 Informal Secto
Page 63 and 64:
3. DOES YOUR SECTOR/0RGANIZATION DI
Page 65 and 66:
5. RESEARCH Program/Activity 5.1 Re
Page 67 and 68:
GUIDE TO FACILITATORS This guide is
Page 69 and 70:
General Requirements for a Training
Page 71:
• Post-training test • Day refl
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