Drug-Resistant Malaria - libdoc.who.int - World Health Organization
Drug-Resistant Malaria - libdoc.who.int - World Health Organization
Drug-Resistant Malaria - libdoc.who.int - World Health Organization
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136 / APPENDICES<br />
2. Selection of area<br />
Monitoring of drug sens~tlvity is essentially a country··wide<br />
activity. Within the areas selected for study a stratification<br />
may be applied according to the following:<br />
Epidemiological strata<br />
Administrative divisions<br />
Geographical and ecological strata<br />
Domestic and <strong>int</strong>ernational borders<br />
Migration areas<br />
Domestic<br />
Seasonal<br />
Pilgrim<br />
International<br />
Construction and<br />
projects<br />
3. Case selection<br />
Political<br />
Labour<br />
Illegal<br />
Roads<br />
Hydro-electric works<br />
Canals and irrigation systems<br />
Agricultural development<br />
Others<br />
Baseline data are a sine qua non for a meaningful, longitudinal<br />
(sequent ial) comparison which is the essence of monitoring.<br />
The baseline needs to be established in a way that is representative<br />
of the area as a <strong>who</strong>le and of its various strata (see 2<br />
above). In areas with a high prevalence and incidence this will<br />
be possible by following the usual sampling procedures for obtaining<br />
representative samples; in areas with low prevalence/incidence<br />
of P.falciparum baseline assessment needs to be exhaustive, i.e.<br />
covering the maximum available number of cases.<br />
The subsequent analysis of results should aim at clarifying<br />
the origin of infection and at defining the sensitivity status on<br />
a geographical basis. In this connexion, the following classification<br />
may be useful:<br />
Locally contracted<br />
Imported<br />
Within the village<br />
Within the study area<br />
Within the province/zone/state<br />
Within the country<br />
Across <strong>int</strong>ernational border<br />
adjacent to the study area,<br />
short range movements<br />
Arising from neighbouring<br />
countries, long range movements<br />
Arising from distant countries