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End notes
Sea freight
As an island nation, Australia’s international freight task relies heavily on shipping
in terms of tonnage moved, with all of Australia’s international trade in bulk
commodities transported by sea. Specific bulk shipping statistics are not readily
available. However, BITRE estimates bulk sea freight under the assumption that all
non-liner freight transport is for bulk commodities (non-liner cargo consists of all
dry and liquid bulk cargo, but also comprises cargo not shipped on regular liner
services such as charters, dedicated car carriers and passenger ships).
Tables 4.1–4.5
Measures of domestic freight moved by mode are provided in terms of tonnes
moved and tonne kilometres, where data are available. State and territory estimates
of road freight relate to the state or territory of vehicle registration, or in the case of
sea freight, the state or territory of loading. Estimates of total freight do not include
estimates for domestic air freight.
Chapter 5
Passenger transport
Passenger kilometres (PKM) is a measure of total passenger travel. It is the number
of kilometres travelled by a vehicle multiplied by the number of occupants in the
vehicle. Individual trips are aggregated to provide estimates for total PKM.
Tables 5.1–5.2
BITRE modelling uses data from a range of sources to provide a consistent time series
of Australian passenger travel (PKM). Estimates of air passenger travel (Table 5.1) differ
from survey results for revenue passenger travel on domestic airlines (Table 8.3) as
Table 5.1 is derived from a statistical model that creates estimates for all motorised
modes of passenger transport. Vehicles not classified to passenger cars, buses, rail or
air are included in ‘other transport mode’ (Table 5.1).
1. The other transport mode represents primarily non-business use of light
commercial vehicles (with contributions from motorcycles, non-business use of
trucks and ferries).
For intercapital city passenger travel, estimates of the land based component include
travel between origin and principle destination, while the aviation component
includes all travel between city pairs.
Table 5.3
These estimates were made for Estimating urban traffic congestion cost trends for
Australian cities (BTRE 2007) and have been updated using BITRE models. Estimates
of passenger kilometres travelled in commercial vehicles primarily represent nonbusiness
use of light commercial vehicles. Data for cars, light commercial vehicles
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