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End notes Sea freight As an island nation, Australia’s international freight task relies heavily on shipping in terms of tonnage moved, with all of Australia’s international trade in bulk commodities transported by sea. Specific bulk shipping statistics are not readily available. However, BITRE estimates bulk sea freight under the assumption that all non-liner freight transport is for bulk commodities (non-liner cargo consists of all dry and liquid bulk cargo, but also comprises cargo not shipped on regular liner services such as charters, dedicated car carriers and passenger ships). Tables 4.1–4.5 Measures of domestic freight moved by mode are provided in terms of tonnes moved and tonne kilometres, where data are available. State and territory estimates of road freight relate to the state or territory of vehicle registration, or in the case of sea freight, the state or territory of loading. Estimates of total freight do not include estimates for domestic air freight. Chapter 5 Passenger transport Passenger kilometres (PKM) is a measure of total passenger travel. It is the number of kilometres travelled by a vehicle multiplied by the number of occupants in the vehicle. Individual trips are aggregated to provide estimates for total PKM. Tables 5.1–5.2 BITRE modelling uses data from a range of sources to provide a consistent time series of Australian passenger travel (PKM). Estimates of air passenger travel (Table 5.1) differ from survey results for revenue passenger travel on domestic airlines (Table 8.3) as Table 5.1 is derived from a statistical model that creates estimates for all motorised modes of passenger transport. Vehicles not classified to passenger cars, buses, rail or air are included in ‘other transport mode’ (Table 5.1). 1. The other transport mode represents primarily non-business use of light commercial vehicles (with contributions from motorcycles, non-business use of trucks and ferries). For intercapital city passenger travel, estimates of the land based component include travel between origin and principle destination, while the aviation component includes all travel between city pairs. Table 5.3 These estimates were made for Estimating urban traffic congestion cost trends for Australian cities (BTRE 2007) and have been updated using BITRE models. Estimates of passenger kilometres travelled in commercial vehicles primarily represent nonbusiness use of light commercial vehicles. Data for cars, light commercial vehicles 169
BITRE | Australian transport statistics yearbook 2009 and motorcycles were drawn from successive Surveys of Motor Vehicle Use. Data on rail, light rail and buses up to 2000 were drawn from quarterly surveys of state authorities, stored on BITRE transport indicators database. From 2000 onwards, data were drawn from Apelbaum Consulting Group’s Australian Transport Facts database, compiled as a consultancy to the Australasian Railway Association. Table 5.4 Method of travel to work statistics are compiled every five years as part of the Population Census conducted by the ABS. These statistics show the method used to travel to work on the day of the Census by the entire Australian working population, attributed to the state or territory where each worker spent Census night. 2. Counts of persons travelling to work by public transport and other methods only include persons travelling by train and other method and bus and other method. Estimates for ferries or trams and other method are only available for the 1991 Census and have been excluded to maintain the time series. Chapter 6 Road Vehicle kilometres travelled (VKT) is a measure of the total distance travelled by vehicles in a year. Map 6.1 A map of the Auslink road network is provided. Auslink was Australia’s national land transport plan, linking cities, regions and communities. Table 6.1 Intercapital road distances are calculated from capital city GPO to capital city GPO using the shortest route as provided by whereis.com.au. Tables 6.2–6.5 Estimates for motor vehicle usage are modelled by BITRE, primarily from data compiled by the SMVU (ABS 2008k). In addition to the SMVU, modelling of passenger transport also incorporates fuel use statistics from the monthly Australian Petroleum Statistics (RET 2008). Freight measurement and modelling (BTRE 2006b) provides an outline of modelling techniques used for freight estimation, while Greenhouse gas emissions from transport (BTRE 2002 and 2006c) provide an outline of modelling techniques used for passenger estimation. 170
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Australian Government Department of
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© Commonwealth of Australia 2009 I
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Contents Foreword..................
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Chapter 1 Introduction The goal of
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Chapter 1 | Introduction Impacts of
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Transport and the economy Chapter 2
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Chapter 2 Transport and the economy
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Chapter 2 | Transport and the econo
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Chapter 3 figures and tables Figure
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Domestic freight transport Chapter
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Aviation Chapter 8
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Shipping Chapter 9
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Page 188 and 189: References Bureau of Infrastructure
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