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NOTES TO PAGES 154–162
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82. Quoted in Poliakov, History of Anti-Semitism, 3:424.
83. For this paragraph and much of what follows on Marx, see Paul Lawrence Rose,
German Question/Jewish Question: Revolutionary Antisemitism from Kant to Wagner
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990), 91–116, 251–63, passim.
84. All quotations from Marx are from the edition by Dagobert D. Runes, Karl
Marx: A World Without Jews (New York: Philosophical Library, 1959), 36–45.
85. Rose, German Question/Jewish Question, 124, quoting Jacob Fries the disciple of
Fichte; ibid., 144, quoting Ludwig Börne, a converted Jew.
86. Sander L. Gilman, Jewish Self-Hatred (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University
Press, 1986), 198, 202.
87. Quoted by Reinhard Rürup, “Jews,” Marxism, Communism and Western Society,
A Comparative Encyclopedia, ed. C. D. Kernig (New York: Herder and Herder,
1972), 4:425.
88. Ibid.; Peter G. J. Pulzer, The Rise of Political Anti-Semitism in Germany and Austria
(New York: Wiley, 1964), 268; Lenin combated antisemitism but his regime
inflicted enormous loss and suffering on many Jews as “bourgeois” and “capitalists”
who were categorized as lishentsy (deprived of citizenship rights).
89. Rose, German Question/Jewish Question, 304, 301; “Antisemitism is really a hatred
of capitalism,” explained a German leftist terrorist in 1972, quoted in ibid.,
304.
90. Carlebach, Karl Marx, 352.
91. Quoted in ibid., 302.
92. In a scintillating polemical essay, “Marxism Versus the Jews,” Antisemitism in the
Contemporary World, ed. Michael Curtis (London: Westview Press, 1986),
39–50, Paul Johnson finds that Marx’s “sinister achievement [was] to marry the
economic antisemitism of the French Socialists [this is too broad a brush and
should be limited to the Utopians Fourier, Proudhon, and possibly Toussenel]
to the philosophical antisemitism of the German idealists and thereby to construct
a new kind of conspiracy theory”; that “antisemitism is the father of all
conspiracy theory.”
93. Landes, “Jewish Merchant,” 21.
94. Paul R. Mendes-Flohr, “Werner Sombart’s The Jews and Modern Capitalism: An
Analysis of its Ideological Premises,” Year Book XXI of the Leo Baeck Institute
(London: Secker & Warburg, 1976), 88, 91, 106.
95. Werner Sombart, The Jews and Modern Capitalism, trans. M. Epstein (New York:
Collier, 1911, 1962), 127; on the issue of Jewish brain power, Sander L. Gilman
Smart Jews: The Construction of the Image of Jewish Superior Intelligence (Lincoln:
University of Nebraska Press, 1996), who, however, says little about Jewish economic
ability.
96. Sombart, Jews and Modern Capitalism, 242–59.
97. Ibid., 127, 200–202, 227, 276–77, 301–3.
98. Salo W. Baron, A Social and Religious History of the Jews, 3 vols. (New York: Columbia
University Press, 1937), 2:177; Baron refers to capitalism’s origins in the
northern Italian city-states of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, when
Jews were completely excluded.
99. Sombart, Jews and Modern Capitalism, 77–123.
100. Ibid., 199.
101. For Sombart on sexuality, see ibid., 221–27, 236.
102. Ibid., 209–10.