CEWG January 09 Full Report - National Institute on Drug Abuse

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Section III. <strong>CEWG</strong> Area Update Briefs and International Presentations seizure and is not based on analytical confirmation through the drug testing labs. Drug Abuse Patterns and Trends in Mexico: Information from the <strong>National</strong> Epidemiological Surveillance System of Addictions (SISVEA)—Update: <strong>January</strong> 20<strong>09</strong> Ietza Bojórquez, M.D., M.Sc., Ph.D. For inquiries concerning this report please contact Ietza Bojórquez, M.D., M.Sc., Ph.D., Deputy Director, Epidemiological Research, General Directorate of Epidemiology, <strong>National</strong> Center of Epidemiology Surveillance and Disease Control, Francisco de P. Miranda 177, 3er piso, Unidad Lomas de Plateros, Mexico, D.F. 01480, Phone: 5255–53371629, Fax: 5255–53371638, E-mail: ibojorquez@dgepi.salud. gob.mx. Overview of Findings: This report presents epidemiological surveillance information on legal and illegal substance use in Mexico for the first half of 2008. Most of the information comes from 790 treatment centers providing information to the <strong>National</strong> Epidemiological Surveillance System of Addictions (SISVEA). During this period, the number of treatment centers reporting to SISVEA increased by 26 percent. The majority of the new centers are located in Chihuahua in the northern region; Jalisco, Michoacan, Mexico City, Puebla, Estado de Mexico, and San Luis Potosí in central Mexico; and Tabasco and Guerrero in the south. The new centers are similar to the ones previously reporting in terms of the kind of population served, admission criteria, and provided services. Because of this, their inclusion is not expected to result in systematic changes in the trends observed. The main primary drugs reported remained much the same as in 2007, with slight decreases in the report of methamphetamine and cocaine as primary drugs, and a slight rise in heroin. At the national level, and for the central and southern regions, alcohol continued to be the main primary drug. However, for the northern region, heroin was the main primary drug in 2008, after being second after methamphetamine for the last 4 years. The report of tobacco as drug of onset increased, as a result of the emphasis made by SISVEA on considering it as a drug. Updated Drug Abuse Trends and Emerging Patterns: The decrease in methamphetamine that began in 2006 continued in all regions of the country, with percentages of users now similar to those of 2002–2003. However, methamphetamine as the primary drug was still highly prevalent among users in treatment centers in the north, accounting for 21 percent of admissions. Twelve percent of all methamphetamine users were female. After a sustained increase in reports of cocaine as the primary drug of abuse during the last 3 years, a small decrease was seen in 2008 (although not enough to consider that a decreasing trend is under way). Cocaine as a primary drug was widespread in treatment centers all over the country, being the main primary drug in Tamaulipas, Quintana Roo, Nuevo León, Jalisco, Mexico City, and Coahuila. At the national level, 11 percent of those seeking care at treatment centers reported cocaine as their primary drug, while 8 percent reported crack. Eight percent of users were female. Two percent of users reported cocaine injection. After a downward trend since the beginning of the decade, the percentage of admissions to treatment centers reporting heroin as the primary drug increased slightly in 2008 (from 11 percent in 2007 to 12 percent in the past year). This tendency was more clear for the northern region. Six percent of heroin users seeking treatment were females. Use of opiates remained relatively low and stable. Thirteen percent of users were female. Sixty-nine percent of users reported injection of the drug. The use of prescription drugs (benzodiazepines, barbiturates, antihistamines, amphetamines, diet pills, and other prescription drugs) remained low and stable. Benzodiazepines were the most commonly used prescription drugs, and 23 percent of users were female. Marijuana as primary drug remained stable, reported in 9 percent of admissions nationwide. During 2008, 8 percent of marijuana users Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group, <strong>January</strong> 20<strong>09</strong> 73
EpidEmiologic TrEnds in drug AbusE: HigHligHTs And ExEcuTivE summAry were female. The use of inhalants also remained stable, and 13 percent of users were female. Alcohol continued as a primary drug of abuse. At the national level, alcohol was the main substance reported by forensic services, followed by cocaine in the central and southern regions, and heroin in the north. It was also the main substance identified at admission to emergency departments. Ten percent of alcohol users in treatment centers were females. Northern border region patterns: The northern border region, including the states of Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas, showed a very different pattern of substance use when compared with the rest of the country. While 46 percent of admissions to treatment centers for the rest of the country in 2008 were due to alcohol, the primary drug at the border was heroin (29 percent of admissions), followed by methamphetamine (21 percent). Alcohol accounted for only 19 percent of admissions at the border. There were no differences in the age or gender distribution of admissions between the border and the rest of the country. By states, methamphetamine and heroin were the more frequent primary drugs in Baja California and Sonora; heroin and cocaine were the main ones in Chihuahua; and cocaine and alcohol were the main drugs in Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas. The percentage of admissions to treatment centers reporting ever having used intravenous drugs has decreased constantly during the past 10 years, from 64 percent in 1998, down to 32 percent in 2007 and the first half of 2008. Data Source: <strong>National</strong> Epidemiological Surveillance System of Addictions (SISVEA), 2008: During the first half of 2008, 790 treatment centers contributed information to SISVEA. They were mostly nongovernmental, run by nonprofit organizations, and many of them follow a selfhelp approach based on Alcoholics Anonymous 12-step programs. Also during this period, 31 Juvenile Detention Centers and Forensic Services in 20 states reported to SISVEA. One hundred and sixteen emergency departments in 17 states conducted surveys of substance use in admissions. Information for this report came from 152 cities in all 32 states. 74 Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group, <strong>January</strong> 20<strong>09</strong>
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CEWG January 09 Full Report - National Institute on Drug Abuse

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