CEWG January 09 Full Report - National Institute on Drug Abuse

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Section IV. Across <strong>CEWG</strong> Areas: Treatment Admissions, Forensic Laboratory Analysis Data, and Average Drug Price and Purity Data frequencies of cocaine drug items among those identified in forensic laboratories were in Honolulu and San Diego, at 18.2 percent and 13.8 percent, respectively (figure 15; appendix table 2). Based on rankings shown in section II, table 1, in four of the five southern region <strong>CEWG</strong> areas (Miami, Atlanta, Baltimore City, and Washington, DC), cocaine ranked as the most frequently identified drug in forensic laboratories in the first half of 2008. In two of the three <strong>CEWG</strong> areas in the northeastern region, Philadelphia and New York City, cocaine ranked first among drug items identified. It was first in six of nine areas in the western region (Texas, Los Angeles, Seattle, Denver, Albuquerque, and San Francisco). Cocaine ranked first in one of the five areas in the midwestern region, Minneapolis/St. Paul, although it ranked second in drug items identified in 2007 in the other four areas in the Midwest, as well as in Boston and Maryland. Figure 15. Cocaine Items Identified as a Percentage of Total NFLIS Drug Items, 22 <strong>CEWG</strong> Areas: 1H 2008 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Miami 64.7 Atlanta 58.9 New York City 46.7 Washington, DC 41.1 Philadelphia 39.8 Cincinnati 39.6 Denver 38.9 Baltimore City 37.6 Seattle 36.5 Albuquerque 36.2 Maryland 36.1 Los Angeles 34.9 Texas 34.2 San Francisco 30.2 Minneapolis/St. Paul 29.5 Chicago 26.5 Detroit 25.6 Boston 24.1 Phoenix 20.5 St. Louis 19.6 Honolulu 18.2 San Diego 13.8 SOURCE: NFLIS, DEA, received <strong>January</strong> 4, 20<strong>09</strong>; see appendix table 2 Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group, <strong>January</strong> 20<strong>09</strong> 77
EpidEmiologic TrEnds in drug AbusE: HigHligHTs And ExEcuTivE summAry Heroin • Heroin primary treatment admissions, as a percentage of total admissions, including primary alcohol admissions, were particularly high in Baltimore City (approximately 55 percent), followed by Boston (approximately 48 percent) in the first half of 2008 (appendix table 1; section II, table 2; table 4 below). In Boston, Baltimore City, and Detroit, heroin primary admissions ranked first as the most frequent substance abuse admissions in the reporting period (section II, table 2). • In 16 of 22 <strong>CEWG</strong> areas, heroin items accounted for less than 10 percent of total drug items identified in NFLIS forensic laboratories in the first half of 2008. Proportions were highest in Baltimore City and Maryland (approximately 22 and 20 percent, respectively). They were lowest in Texas and Atlanta, at approximately 2 percent of drug items identified (figure 16; appendix table 2). Heroin was not ranked first in drug items seized in any <strong>CEWG</strong> area (section II, table 1). • According to the DEA’s HDMP, in CY 2007, South American (SA) heroin continued to be the primary source of heroin east of the Mississippi River, as has been the case since the mid-1990s, while Mexican black tar and, to a lesser extent, Mexican brown powder heroin dominated markets west of the Mississippi (figure 17). • From 2006 to 2007, average purity levels for SA heroin increased in 6 of 10 <strong>CEWG</strong> areas (Philadelphia, New York City, Detroit, Chicago, St. Louis, and Washington, DC), in contrast to 2005–2006, when purity levels remained stable or declined in most areas (table 5). • Over the 1-year period from 2006 to 2007, average prices for SA heroin fell in 6 of 10 <strong>CEWG</strong> areas (Atlanta, Miami, Boston, Chicago, St. Louis, and Washington, DC) and rose in 4 (Philadelphia, New York City, Baltimore, and Detroit). From 2006 to 2007, the highest unit increase was for Detroit ($0.22), while the highest unit decrease was for Atlanta ($0.45) (table 5). • From 2006 to 2007, Mexican heroin average purity declined in five <strong>CEWG</strong> areas (San Diego, El Paso, San Antonio, Houston, and San Francisco). Average purity increased in four areas (Seattle, Phoenix, Denver, and Dallas), and remained constant in one area (Los Angeles). The average price was lower or the same in 2007, compared with 2006, in 7 of 10 reporting <strong>CEWG</strong> areas, namely Seattle, Phoenix, Denver, San Diego, Los Angeles, Dallas, and Houston. It was higher in El Paso, San Antonio, and San Francisco (table 6). Treatment Admission Data on Heroin In this reporting period (the first half of 2008) for 18 of 22 <strong>CEWG</strong> areas, primary heroin treatment admissions, as a proportion of total admissions for substance abuse treatment, including primary alcohol admissions, ranged from approximately 2 percent in Hawai‘i to approximately 55 percent in Baltimore City. After Baltimore City, Boston had the highest proportion of heroin admissions, at 48.3 percent of all admissions (table 4). The lowest percentage of primary heroin admissions, after Hawai‘i (2.3 percent), was in Miami/Dade County (3.6 percent). When all admissions, including those for whom alcohol was the primary drug, are examined, heroin ranked first in Boston, Baltimore City, and Detroit, and second in New York City and Maryland (section II, table 2). Forensic Laboratory Data on Heroin In 16 of the 22 <strong>CEWG</strong> areas shown on the map in figure 12 (section II), heroin items accounted for less than 10 percent of the total drug items reported by NFLIS. The exceptions were New York City, Philadelphia, Chicago, Baltimore City, and Maryland. As a proportion of total drug items, 78 Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group, <strong>January</strong> 20<strong>09</strong>
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CEWG January 09 Full Report - National Institute on Drug Abuse

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