CP-122 HSE Code of Practice - PDO

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HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT CODE OF PRACTICE (CP-122) PDO HSE Management System Manual The lifecycle of an asset or activity, from the planning stage, through operation to decommissioning, and disposal and restoration. Qualitative methods are best used for risk assessments of simple facilities or operations, where the exposure of the workforce, public, environment, and/or asset is low. Qualitative risk assessments are typically a combination of judgment, opinion, and experience, and using structured review techniques with as much available risk information as possible. Qualitative risk assessments should be carried out with input from those people directly involved with the risk, using a team approach. The logic here is that those directly involved with the risk have the greatest self interest and “buy-in” to subsequently control it. Many structured review techniques have and use subjective or qualitative evaluation of risk. Techniques such as simple risk assessment, task risk assessment, structured brainstorming, and group risk assessments are useful here, and by their nature require team approaches. Procedures or guidelines detailing how to do these techniques should be available for risk assessment teams to refer to and use. Risk assessments can be undertaken using experience and judgment. A team approach is highly recommended because: 1) no one individual knows everything about the situation being assessed; 2) the quality of risk decisions tends to be higher and more accurate when done with a team; 3) the team approach gets involvement, especially when involving employees and contractors who face the risk; 4) risk decisions by a team also get higher levels of ownership, as the team also participates in determining and ultimately implementing the risk controls they have determined as most effective. 4.4.2 HEMP Tools – The PDO Risk Assessment Matrix (RAM) The PDO Risk Assessment Matrix (shown below) shall be used to assess and evaluate HSE risks. This matrix shows risk as the product of likelihood (or probability) and consequence (or impact). Likelihood here also incorporates the assessment of frequency, as frequency is a major influence on probability, the logic typically applying that the higher the frequency the higher the probability. Consequence is measured against the level of severity or “how bad” the outcome could be. It needs to be noted that there is often more than one consequence, in that one event could lead to primary, secondary, tertiary consequences, etc. For example, in process safety incidents, the consequences may include fatalities, injuries, environmental damage (prolonged release or fire), progressive asset damage, and/or deferred or lost production. However, asset damage normally occurs first, with secondary or more consequences affecting people, environment, reputation, etc. The assessment of likelihood is shown on the horizontal axis with assessment of consequence shown on the vertical axis. Four categories of consequence are considered at PDO: the impact on people, assets, environment, and/or reputation. Plotting the intersection of both likelihood and consequence provides a qualitative assessment of the risk level. Use of the Risk Assessment Matrix will: Enhance appreciation of HSE risk and help in reducing the residual risk to As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) at all levels in PDO (see Section 4.5.3 regarding ALARP). Assist in setting clear risk based strategic goals, objectives, targets, and controls. Provide a systematic, structured, and standardized basis for implementation of a risk-based HSE Management System. Provide consistency in evaluating and managing risk across all PDO activities, including contractor activities. July 2011 Page 30
HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT CODE OF PRACTICE (CP-122) PDO HSE Management System Manual 4.4.3 Scope of Quantitative Risk Assessments Quantitative Risk Assessments (QRA) are undertaken for more complex facilities or activities, and/or where required by law. Determining whether a qualitative or quantitative technique is to be used depends on the scope and complexity of the scenario being assessed. However, the application of quantitative methods is considered to be desirable under the following situations: When evaluating and comparing risk reduction options and where the relative effectiveness of these options is not obvious. When the exposure of the workforce, public or strategic value of the asset is high, and risk reduction measures are to be evaluated When novel technology is involved resulting in a perceived high level of risk for which no historical data is available When a demonstration that risks are being managed to a level which is as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) is required. The application of QRA need not be limited to large, complex and expensive studies, however. It is a technique that can be applied quickly and inexpensively to help structure the solution to problems for which the solution is not intuitively obvious. Only staff with adequate training and experience should undertake QRA, although it is critical that personnel familiar with the operation or facility are involved in the study. QRA often involves the use of specialized software. QRA provides a structured approach to assessing risk, whether the risks are human, hardware / software failure, environmental events, and/or combinations of failures and events. QRA identifies high-risk areas, assists in efficient and effective risk management, and helps demonstrate that risks are being managed to a level deemed ALARP. Refer to SP 1258 – Quantitative Risk Assessment for further details on QRA. 4.5 PROCEDURES – CONTROL 4.5.1 Scope of Controls The third stage in HEMP, developing fit-for-purpose risk controls, requires use of appropriate risk control identification techniques, such as HAZOP / PR-1696, for example. Application of the technique chosen should cover: All activities, products, and/or services controlled by PDO, and those influenced by PDO, such as supplier, contractor, and sub-contractor activities. The activities, products, and/or services carried out by all personnel having access to the workplace and facilities at the workplace including suppliers, contractors, and/or sub-contractors. Routine (frequently performed), non-routine (infrequently performed), and/or emergency operating conditions and activities. Sometimes the categories of normal and abnormal operating conditions are also considered. The lifecycle of an asset or activity, from the planning stage, through operation to decommissioning, and disposal and restoration. Risk controls should include prevention, mitigation, and recovery measures. The following table illustrates the difference among these various types of controls: July 2011 Page 31
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CP-122 HSE Code of Practice - PDO

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