AIRS Level 1B Visible/Near-Infrared Channels ATBD - NASA's Earth ...

AIRS Level 1b ATBD Part 2: Vis/Near IR Channels
as a short-term standard for bulb A and as a consistency check for comparisons of bulbs A
and C. Note that if one bulb fails during launch, it is expected that the extra calibration every
500 orbits can be deleted with negligible effect on the calibration accuracy. If two or more
bulbs fail on launch, however, vicarious and cross calibration (Sections 2.3 and 2.4) will be
necessary to maintain radiometric accuracy over the instrument lifetime. As discussed above,
Lamp 2 saturates some pixels in channels 3 and 4, making it the logical choice for use as the
backup bulb (Bulb C in the above scheme).
Even with the on-board lamps operating, the absolute calibration of the system can be
significantly improved through routine vicarious calibration using well characterized ground
sites. This process, error estimates, and vicarious calibration update frequencies and relevant
algorithms are described in Section 2.3.
2.2.3 Calibration of the gain
The visible detectors view the infrared blackbody every 2.667 seconds. The zero signal
reference level of the dark view will be used to determine the offset, DN o
.
The tungsten lamps are used to determine the gain, α, on-board. We have:
α( ob)
=
Rc
, Eq. 2-4
DN − DN
c
o
where DN o
is the signal (counts) observed from the dark view, DN c
is the signal (counts)
observed from the calibration lamp, and R c
is the radiance of the on-board calibration lamp.
The label “ob” is used to denote on-board calibration.
2.2.4 Radiometric Accuracy Estimate
The Vis/NIR sensor is required to achieve 1% relative radiometric accuracy at an albedo of
unity. Estimates made at the preliminary design review indicate that the design will achieve
this requirement over the full five year mission lifetime. Ground testing was insufficient to
confirm this, as the test source used was itself considered unstable at this level. The leading
components to the radiometric error budget are the stability of the electronics subsystem and
the stability of the radiometric calibrator.
Response non-linearity in the detectors and electronics is expected to be small. While
measurements were made during ground testing, the test setup and equipment was suspect
(Hofstadter 1999b), preventing confirmation of this. Linearity changes occurring during the
mission as a result of natural radiation exposure are expected to be less than 0.5%. The
gain/offset stability is estimated to be 0.3%. The radiometric calibrator contribution to the
uncertainty is due to inter-lamp geometry differences, a possible dependence of the
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