cameroon fourth national report - Impact monitoring of Forest ...
cameroon fourth national report - Impact monitoring of Forest ...
cameroon fourth national report - Impact monitoring of Forest ...
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<strong>Forest</strong>ry Biodiversity Underexploited<br />
Root nodules <strong>of</strong> a<br />
Nitrogen fixing tree<br />
Species –<br />
Eythrophleum spp<br />
Agricultural Biodiversity Underexploited<br />
Greenhouse plants <strong>of</strong> plantain and banana mycorrhizal<br />
increasing tolerance to nematodes, diseases and water stress<br />
Nitrogen fixing site<br />
and natural soil<br />
fertilization<br />
Fig 17: Legume Nodulating Bacteria Bemonstration<br />
Fig 18: Banana/Plantain torerence to drought<br />
demonstration using mycorrhizal fungi<br />
Bacteria<br />
Rhizobia: fertilizers for legumes (groundnuts, beans); Pseudomonade, Bacillus; bio-control<br />
agents <strong>of</strong> crop pests and diseases; Lactobacillus: for milk technology<br />
-Cyanobacteria (bio-fertilizer for rice)<br />
- Bacteria wilt <strong>of</strong> tomato and Irish potato<br />
-Other bacteria (actinomycetes : production <strong>of</strong> antibiotics).<br />
Viruses:<br />
-Human and Animal (Hepatitis, HIV, Ebola, cattle and pork pest, emerging diseases… )<br />
-Crops (for crops like cassava and rice)<br />
Within the framework <strong>of</strong> microbial diversity, the following considerations have to be made<br />
- Microbes are important elements to be considered in biosafety in Cameroon at the<br />
level <strong>of</strong> risk assessments.<br />
- mycorrhizal fungi are associated in about 90% <strong>of</strong> the world crop species in<br />
agriculture, livestock, forestry and carbon fixation and accounts for improvement<br />
crop yield from 50 to 200% in Cameroon. (Nwaga, 2008)<br />
- There is already an inventory <strong>of</strong> mushrooms.(Onguene, 2000)<br />
- The nitrogen fixing bacteria are used for legumes, for soils fertility and results <strong>of</strong> 40<br />
to 100% yield improvement have been obtained on groundnuts, soybeans (Nwaga, 2008)<br />
- Aquatic bacteria (Spirulina in Lake Chad, Cyanobacteria) have been identified.<br />
Two case studies <strong>of</strong> fungi from Cameroon (one from the Mbalmayo <strong>Forest</strong> Reserve and the<br />
other from Campo Rain <strong>Forest</strong> Areas) have been mentioned here below. These case studies<br />
show that 271 distinct species <strong>of</strong> fungi belonging to 110 general in 58 families have been<br />
recorded in Mbalmayo (Douanla – meli, 2007) while more that 125 species <strong>of</strong><br />
ectomycorrhizal fungi were identified in the Campo <strong>Forest</strong>. (Onguene, 2000)<br />
Case study: Fungi from Mbalmayo <strong>Forest</strong> Reserve<br />
Douanla-Meli, C. 2007. Fungi <strong>of</strong> Cameroon: Ecological diversity with emphasis on the<br />
taxonomy <strong>of</strong> Non-gilled Hymenomycetes from the Mbalmayo forest reserve 2007. VIII, 410<br />
p., Bibliotheca Mycologica, Band 202. J Cramer, Stutgart. Fungi <strong>of</strong> Cameroon is a<br />
contribution towards assessing the current macr<strong>of</strong>ungal diversity associated with the<br />
ecosystems <strong>of</strong> Cameroon's southern forests, and evaluates the impact <strong>of</strong> deforestation and<br />
slash-and-burn on fungal communities and tracks the occurrence and changes to the fungal<br />
communities through the seasonal climatic variations. The identification <strong>of</strong> specimens with<br />
modern techniques has yielded a total <strong>of</strong> 271 distinct species, belonging to 110 genera in 58<br />
families. The overall recorded species were new to the Mbalmayo forest reserve, while 75 <strong>of</strong><br />
the described species were new to Cameroon, and 11 new mycobiota were described. 140<br />
species <strong>of</strong> Aphyllophorales, Gasteromycetes and heterobasidiomycetes are included: 11<br />
gasteromycetes, 10 heterobasidiomycetes, 9 clavarioid fungi, 19 steroid fungi, 10 lentinoid<br />
fungi, 6 ganodermoid fungi, 14 Hymenochaetaceae and 61 Polyporaceae are documented.<br />
40