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Table 33. Major Threats and their causes in Cameroon’s Biodiversity Biodiversity Type Main Threats Causes Of Threats Ecosystems - Poor land-use systems - Loss of Rangelands - Ecosystem services and characterization Floral biodiversity - Threats of species - Exposure of surface soils - Heavy loss of species - Unplanned land uses - Haphazard uses of land - Poor agricultural methods - Burning of grazing areas, over grazing - Soil compaction, Pollution - Soil erosion, flooding - unsustainable agricultural practices - Deforestation - Pests and diseases, over Exploitation - Uncontrolled hunting - Overpopulation of Wildlife - Human encroachment in PA Faunal Biodiversity Agricultural Biodiversity Aquatic Biodiversity Microbial Diversity - Threats to faunal species - habitat destruction - Protected Areas encroachment - Introduction of invasive species - Poor yields - Food insufficiency - Reduction of certain fish species - Loss of freshwater biodiversity - Loss of aquatic habitat - Introduction of wetland Invasive species - Loss of microbial biodiversity - Loss of agricultural soils - Epidermis on plant animal vectors - Pests and diseases - Poor farming methods - Pre and post harvest losses - Pollution of water courses - Draught of water masses - Pollution - Soil water erosion - Mining - Herbicides, Fungicides Compiled from departmental reports (MINFOF, MINEPIA, MINADER) 2008 1.3.3 Implications of observed changes From the previous analysis, the various changes in the status of biodiversity in Cameroon have resulted in some implications which can be clearly observed. The logical implication of the above situation is that, if some of the of the causes of the prevailing threats, provoking the vulnerability of various species are not addressed, Cameroon may meet with considerable difficulties the 2010 Biodiversity Loss Reduction Targets. Under the aggressive leadership of the Focal Point Institution, serious measures need to be taken to address the change rapidly, in particular positive actions against the factors that have lead to the classification of the vulnerability and threats. In some cases where direct remedy of the situation cannot be done for instance in rehabilitating a national park, compensation measures can be done by creating an equivalent reserve like in the case of the CAMPO-MAAN National Park which was created to compensate for the Chad Cameroon Pipeline. It is true that Cameroon biodiversity in general has not been quantitatively and qualitatively valuated nor has its importance been clearly understood by the major 46
stakeholders. It will be important for the government to incorporate the importance of biodiversity in all its sectoral policies. Biodiversity employs several categories of people in Cameroon. Many of them are authors and victims of biodiversity degradation notably women whose role in various biodiversity related activities is understudied. The rate of ecosystem degradation, threats, extinctions and discovery of some new animal and plant species has not yet been properly understood. Observations made from localized studies on project and research stations will give us an indication of what results from a general trend. Table 34 summarizes the major implications from changes in biodiversity components. Table 34. Implications from Changes in Biodiversity Components Changes In Biodiversity Components Major Implications Ecosystems - No observance of land management regulations - Destruction of vegetation cover and poor land-use systems. Floral Biodiversity - Scarcity of over-used plant species - Threats and eventual extinction of many plant species especially those that thrive in association or are symbiotic to others. Faunal Biodiversity - Disappearance of wildlife species - Wildlife habitat destruction - Reduction of wildlife biodiversity - Increased wildlife population will encourage ecotourism but reduce wildlife variety which will eventually reduce the tourism industry - Migration of bird species On the environment - Increased run-off of rain water due to no vegetation cover - Increased soil erosion through floods - The micro-climatic pattern will change due to the role that the vegetation was playing. On health - Lack of vegetation especially in P A will affect the health and eventually the number of faunal species - Soil erosion and floods can badly affect food production Socio-Economy - Cameroon’s economy which has for long depended on biodiversity is drastically affected by destructive practices on biodiversity components 47
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REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON CAMEROON FOURT
Page 3 and 4:
TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ..
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3.1.2 NATIONAL PLAN FOR ACHIEVING T
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Table 31: Some Major Common Invasiv
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report is the
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The adoption of National Commitment
Page 13 and 14: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Fourth Nation
Page 15 and 16: ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ANAFOR
Page 17 and 18: PROCEDURE USED FOR DEVELOPING THE R
Page 19 and 20: INTRODUCTION Cameroon’s Fourth Na
Page 21 and 22: The six mega-ecosystems (Fig 5) con
Page 23 and 24: The creation of new PAs in many par
Page 25 and 26: Ecosystem Case Study Martin Cheek (
Page 27 and 28: 1.1.2 HABITATS 1.1.2.1 OVERVIEW: As
Page 29 and 30: Baglafecht weaver Ploceus baglafech
Page 31 and 32: logs could not be found by the skid
Page 33 and 34: Table 11. Practical Measures for Ha
Page 35 and 36: 2 3 1 1. Filming of the Taiping Fou
Page 37 and 38: Two new species of coffee have been
Page 39 and 40: especially on the emphasis on tradi
Page 41 and 42: - Climate change: The climatic infl
Page 43 and 44: employ many people at a large scale
Page 45 and 46: Central zone covering the Sanaga, a
Page 47 and 48: - Articulate the coordinating role
Page 49 and 50: 1.2.3 SPECIES The status and trend
Page 51 and 52: 1.2.3.1.3 THE RED DATA ON CAMEROON
Page 53 and 54: Table 25: Biodiversity Richness of
Page 55 and 56: Table 27(c) Various breeds of goats
Page 57 and 58: The main microbial groups reported
Page 59 and 60: Case study: Mycorrhizal Association
Page 61 and 62: 1.2.5. NEW DISCOVERIES Cameroon’s
Page 63: - lack of care and proper value of
Page 67 and 68: Objectives Table 35 Priority Activi
Page 69 and 70: Table 38: International Agreements
Page 71 and 72: “Principle 10” which asserts th
Page 73 and 74: 2.4 FUNDING DEDICATED TO PRIORITY A
Page 75 and 76: 2.5.2 SUCCESS IN IMPLEMENTING THE C
Page 77 and 78: K. Assistance to CBD Meetings Camer
Page 79 and 80: BOX 7: The Limbe Botanic and Zoolog
Page 81 and 82: fishermen, herdsmen, hunters, explo
Page 83 and 84: CHAPTER III BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATI
Page 85 and 86: 3.1.1 POVERTY REDUCTION PLAN Concre
Page 87 and 88: Forestry Rural Development - The Na
Page 89 and 90: 3.3 OTHER CONVENTION PROCESSESs Int
Page 91 and 92: Ta ble 46. Progress Towards “The
Page 93 and 94: Alien Species the NBSAP 6.2 Managem
Page 95 and 96: Annex III - Goals and objectives of
Page 97 and 98: 2.3 Developing countries parties in
Page 99 and 100: 4.3 CONCLUDING STATEMENT From the f
Page 101 and 102: - NBSAP not disseminated to local c
Page 103 and 104: APPENDICES Appendix I. Cultivated A
Page 105 and 106: APPENDIX IV: Some Native Orchids of
Page 107 and 108: WORKSHOP ON THE FOURTH NATIONAL REP
Page 109 and 110: (22) 68. SNV 01 representative YAOU
Page 111 and 112: Dynamics Plot. Centre for Tropical
Page 113: Reserve, S.W Province Cameroon. Unp
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