Higher Education: Gaps in Access and Persistence Study

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Table 1-1. Percentage of children under age 18 living in poverty, by living arrangements, sex, race/ethnicity, and nativity: 2005 and 2010 Sex, race/ethnicity, and nativity 2005 2010 Living arrangement All children related to householder 2005 2010 Married parents Female parent, no spouse present Male parent, no spouse present Married parents Female parent, no spouse present Male parent, no spouse present Total 1 18.3 21.1 8.8 42.3 21.4 10.8 44.1 26.0 Sex Male 18.0 21.0 8.8 42.1 20.8 10.7 44.4 25.5 Female 18.5 21.3 8.9 42.4 22.1 10.9 43.8 26.7 Race/ethnicity White 10.4 12.7 5.3 31.8 15.4 6.6 35.1 19.6 Black 35.5 37.8 12.9 49.7 30.2 14.5 51.3 34.8 Hispanic 29.2 31.9 19.9 50.6 26.8 22.3 49.6 31.9 Asian 12.1 12.2 8.8 32.4 20.8 9.5 29.3 21.7 Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 21.5 22.0 16.1 38.0 ‡ 18.9 33.2 17.0 American Indian/Alaska Native 2 29.9 34.0 17.0 46.7 33.1 18.6 50.2 39.1 American Indian 30.2 35.5 16.3 47.5 35.4 19.1 52.8 38.9 Alaska Native 24.3 24.6 16.5 35.5 36.3 ! 13.5 36.4 27.6 ! Two or more races 19.1 21.3 7.1 39.8 23.1 8.7 41.3 24.7 Race/ethnicity by sex Male White 10.4 12.6 5.3 31.8 15.3 6.5 35.5 19.5 Black 34.9 37.6 12.9 49.1 28.4 13.8 51.7 33.3 Hispanic 28.9 31.7 19.8 50.5 26.3 22.2 49.5 31.4 Asian 12.6 12.4 9.0 36.3 19.8 9.9 29.4 18.9 Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander 21.2 21.0 16.0 39.3 ‡ 19.4 28.8 13.9 ! American Indian/ Alaska Native 2 31.0 35.1 18.9 48.7 28.2 19.8 50.4 41.3 American Indian 30.7 37.1 18.0 48.7 29.0 21.0 52.6 41.2 Alaska Native 26.5 25.5 19.4 36.2 36.9 ! 13.4 36.3 36.1 ! Two or more races 18.7 21.5 6.7 39.8 22.3 8.6 42.3 25.0 Female White 10.5 12.7 5.3 31.8 15.6 6.6 34.7 19.7 Black 36.2 38.1 12.9 50.4 32.4 15.2 51.0 36.5 Hispanic 29.5 32.1 20.0 50.6 27.3 22.4 49.6 32.4 Asian 11.6 12.0 8.5 28.8 22.0 9.1 29.2 25.2 Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander 21.9 23.1 16.2 36.6 ‡ 18.3 38.9 21.3 ! American Indian/ Alaska Native 2 28.8 32.8 15.1 44.8 39.2 17.3 50.0 36.4 American Indian 29.7 33.9 14.6 46.2 43.1 17.2 53.0 35.9 Alaska Native 22.0 23.6 13.8 34.9 35.6 ! 13.7 36.4 18.2 ! Two or more races 19.6 21.0 7.5 39.8 24.1 8.8 40.3 24.4 Nativity Hispanic Born within the United States 3 28.2 31.3 18.2 49.9 26.4 21.2 49.3 31.4 Born outside of the United States 36.5 38.8 31.7 57.7 28.9 33.5 54.0 36.8 ! Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is 30 percent or greater. ‡ Reporting standards not met (too few cases). 1 Total includes other racial/ethnic groups not shown separately in the table. 2 Includes persons reporting American Indian only, Alaska Native only, and persons from American Indian and/or Alaska Native tribes specified or not specified. 3 Born within the United States includes the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the Northern Marianas, and those born abroad of American parents. NOTE: To determine living arrangements, children are classified by either their parents’ marital status or, if no parents are present in the household, by the marital status of the related householder. Poverty information was available only for children who were related to the householder. Therefore, this table excludes any children who were not related to the householder or who are recorded as the householder or spouse of the householder. To define poverty, the U.S. Census Bureau utilizes a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition. A family, along with each individual in it, is considered poor if the family’s total income is less than that family’s threshold. The poverty thresholds do not vary geographically and are adjusted annually for inflation using the Consumer Price Index. The official poverty definition counts money income before taxes and does not include capital gains and noncash benefits (such as public housing, Medicaid, and food stamps). Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2005 and 2010. 10 Higher Education: Gaps in Access and Persistence Study
1 Demographics 1 This page intentionally left blank. Demographic Context 11
Page 1: Higher Education: Gaps in Access an
Page 4 and 5: U.S. Department of Education Arne D
Page 6 and 7: iv Higher Education: Gaps in Access
Page 8 and 9: and bachelor’s or higher degree c
Page 10 and 11: Figure 3. (Figure 11-1) Percentage
Page 12 and 13: Figure 4. (Figure 25-1) Averaged fr
Page 14 and 15: of females (83 percent) than males
Page 16 and 17: Among males, Asian/Pacific Islander
Page 18 and 19: who had not attained a degree had a
Page 20 and 21: 22. Mathematics and Science Courset
Page 22 and 23: List of Figures Figure Executive Su
Page 24 and 25: Figure Page 15-1. Percentage of emp
Page 26 and 27: Figure Page 36-2. Percentage of und
Page 28 and 29: Table 13-1. Percentage of students
Page 30 and 31: Table Page 39-2. Percentage of 2003
Page 32 and 33: xxx Higher Education: Gaps in Acces
Page 34 and 35: Within this report, some of the cat
Page 36 and 37: size of the subgroup for which the
Page 38 and 39: Chapter 1 Demographic Context 1. Ch
Page 40 and 41: Indicator 1 Children Living in Pove
Page 44 and 45: Indicator 2 Parents’ Educational
Page 46 and 47: Table 2-1. Sex and race/ethnicity S
Page 48 and 49: Indicator 3 Parent Involvement in E
Page 52 and 53: Indicator 4 Language Minority Schoo
Page 54 and 55: 22 Higher Education: Gaps in Access
Page 56 and 57: Indicator 5 Special Needs Among 9th
Page 58 and 59: Table 5-1. Percentage of students r
Page 60 and 61: Chapter 2 Characteristics of School
Page 62 and 63: Indicator 6 Segregation and Poverty
Page 66 and 67: Table 6-2. Number and percentage of
Page 68 and 69: Indicator 7 Adequate Yearly Progres
Page 70 and 71: Indicator 8 Types of Public Schools
Page 72 and 73: Table 8-1. Number and percentage di
Page 74 and 75: Table 8-2. Number and percentage di
Page 76 and 77: Indicator 9 Advanced Coursework Off
Page 78 and 79: Figure 9-2. Percentage of high scho
Page 80 and 81: 48 Higher Education: Gaps in Access
Page 82 and 83: Indicator 10 High School Guidance C
Page 84 and 85: Table 10-1. Sex and race/ethnicity
Page 86 and 87: Chapter 3 Student Behaviors and Aft
Page 88 and 89: Indicator 11 Retention, Suspension,
Page 90 and 91: Table 11-1. Percentage of 9th-grade
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60 Higher Education: Gaps in Access
Page 94 and 95:
Indicator 12 Safety at School In 20
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Table 12-1. Percentage of students
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Indicator 13 Alcohol and Other Drug
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Table 13-1. Sex and race/ethnicity
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Indicator 14 Homework Most high sch
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Indicator 15 Part-Time Work The per
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Indicator 16 School-Sponsored and N
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Table 16-1. Percentage of 9th-grade
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Chapter 4 Academic Preparation and
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Indicator 17 Reading Achievement Am
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Indicator 18 Mathematics Achievemen
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Indicator 19 Science Achievement In
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Indicator 20 Eighth-Grade Algebra O
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Table 20-1. Percentage of spring 20
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Indicator 21 Ninth-Grade Mathematic
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Indicator 22 Mathematics and Scienc
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Technical Notes This indicator repo
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112 Higher Education: Gaps in Acces
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Indicator 23 Advanced Placement Exa
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Table 23-1. Percentage of test-taki
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Indicator 24 College Entrance Exams
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the reading benchmark. Similar raci
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Table 24-2. Average SAT scores for
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Indicator 25 Graduation Rates For t
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Indicator 26 Status Dropout Rates I
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Table 26-1. Status dropout rates of
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Chapter 5 College Knowledge 27. Pos
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Indicator 27 Postsecondary Plans Am
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Indicator 28 Steps Toward Postsecon
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Technical Notes In this indicator,
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Indicator 29 Informational Resource
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Indicator 30 Postsecondary School C
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For example, a lower percentage of
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Indicator 31 Financial Aid Consider
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Table 31-1. Among 2004 high school
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Indicator 32 Participation in Colle
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Chapter 6 Postsecondary Education 3
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Indicator 33 Enrollment Rates for 1
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Technical Notes Born within the Uni
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Indicator 34 Entry Into Postseconda
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Indians/Alaska Natives (35 percent)
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Table 34-2. Percentage of academic
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Indicator 35 Price of Attendance an
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Technical Notes Financial aid amoun
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Indicator 36 Enrollment Intensity I
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Indicator 37 Persistence and Attain
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Indicator 38 Reasons for Leaving A
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Indicator 39 Remedial Coursework an
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Indicator 40 Academic and Social In
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students (34 percent) participated
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Table 40-2. Percentage of recent hi
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Indicator 41 College Student Employ
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Indicator 42 Graduation Rates and D
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Technical Notes The overall graduat
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Chapter 7 Postsecondary Outcomes an
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Indicator 43 Educational Attainment
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Indicator 44 Labor Force Participat
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Five percent of young adults who ha
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Table 44-1. Labor force status of y
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Table 44-1. Labor force status of y
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Indicator 45 Median Annual Earnings
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Indicator 46 Employment of Young Ad
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Figure 46-1. Percentage of young ad
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Chapter 8 Multivariate Analyses of
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follow-up round in 2009. Independen
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Whites: Examining these variables s
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Table ELS-1a. Percentage distributi
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Degree Attainment Table BPS-1 compa
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• Full-time enrollment: The odds
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• School clubs: Black females par
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Table BPS-1. Percentage distributio
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Campbell, F.A., Pungello, E.P., Mil
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MacMillan, R., and Hagan, J. (2004)
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Appendix A Technical Appendix—Log
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earned in high school, SAT/ACT test
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Exhibit A. ELS:2002 variables requi
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SRMI was conducted independently fo
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Number of close friends who dropped
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Appendix B Guide to Sources 288 Hig
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From kindergarten to 5th grade, the
Page 324 and 325:
Integrated Postsecondary Education
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Further information on NPSAS may be
Page 328 and 329:
Further information on the NHIS may
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