ARTI Egitto definitivo - ARTI Puglia

Primary Education: Primary school is also concerned with physical, social, moral, and
emotional development, as well as with giving children the knowledge and technical skills
needed for a successful practical life. Students may attend non-government private schools,
religious schools, or government schools. Primary schools enroll 60 percent of the total
school population for all levels of schooling in Egypt. Approximately 45 percent of the
primary students are girls, and the majority of primary teachers are women. English and
French private schools are growing in popularity as bilingualism gives children social and
academic privileges and later lucrative employment. Primary schools served 7.5 million
students in 1995-1996. In the same year, the Al-Azhar Moslem system served 704,446
students in 1,912 primary schools with another 147,762 students enrolled in 1,030
preparatory schools.
Preparatory Education: An important function of preparatory education is to provide a
safeguard against illiteracy as early school dropouts tend to lapse back into illiteracy. The
enrollments in preparatory schools in the 1990s totaled 3,679,325, less than half that of
the primary schools. Preparatory schools reflect the attrition occurring in the final primary
year.
3.3. High School Education
The second tier of compulsory education (grades 7 through 9) lasts for three years.
Students completing the primary part of basic education can complete the second part in
general preparatory schools, in vocational training centers or schools, or in vocational
preparatory classes. Completion of this stage earns the Basic Education Completion
Certificate or the Certificate in Vocational Basic Education. There are two types of public
secondary education: general secondary education and technical secondary education. To
enter general secondary education, students must pass a national exam given at the end of
their preparatory stage. Secondary schools conduct examinations every month for the first
two years, and students take a national exam in the final year. Those who pass receive the
Certificate of General Secondary Education, a requirement for admission to the universities
(accompanied by a strong academic record). A wide range of social, cultural, athletic,
scientific, and artistic extra-curricular activities are available in secondary schools, usually
sponsored by the teachers. Enrollment expanded significantly between 1990-1991 and
1994-1995 in secondary school (47 percent in general secondary and 85 percent in
technical-vocational secondary). In 1994-1995, general secondary enrollment reached
894,400 students, while technical-vocational enrollment was more than twice as high at
1,893.800 students. In 1996 secondary school enrollment included 68 percent of the
appropriate age group (boys, 71 percent; girls, 64 percent). In 1995-1996 there were
2,753 secondary schools with 6,142,651 students and 369,107 teachers.
In the parallel Islamic educational system, known as the Al-Azhar system, girls and boys
attend separate schools. In 1995-1996, the Al-Azhar Moslem system operated 57
secondary schools with 165,829 students. The curriculum is identical to the normal public
curriculum with additional study of the Quran and Islamic sciences. Graduates are
automatically accepted into Al-Azhar University.
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THE RESEARCH AND INNOVATION SYSTEM IN EGYPT