The Basque Country (pdf, 4,3Mb) - Kultura Saila - Euskadi.net

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18 In 2001, out of the two million people living in Euskadi, 27% (544,656) were either born in another Autonomous Community of Spain (the vast majority, 91.4%) or abroad (8.6%). Intermarrying between cultures was widespread, and today it is estimated that of the two official surnames used by people in Spain, only one quarter of the population of Euskadi has two surnames of Basque origin. In any event, the fastest-growing group in recent years comprises people born in other countries. 55% of the immigrant population arrived between 1996 and 2001, while the figure jumped nearly threefold from 2001 to 2006. According to data from the 2005 municipal census and other sources (Ikuspegi 2006), immigration from other countries (83,547) accounted for 4% of the population in Euskadi in 2006. In Spain the figure stood at 8.7%. In Euskadi the highest percent of immigration can be found in Araba –over 5.5%– although half of Euskadiʼs immigrant population lives in Bizkaia. According to the census, 49.10% of the immigrant population is from America, 28.6% from Europe (especially recent EU-member countries), 17.39% from Africa, and 5.5% from Asia. Immigration increased fourfold between 1998 and 2006 (from 15,198 people to 83,547). With the exception of Africa and Asia, percentages according to place of origin have changed significantly since 1998; figures at that time showed 50% from Europe, 26.3% from America, 17.8% from Africa, and 5.58% from Asia. A new wave of immigrant workers – fewer than the past but from a wider range of cultural backgrounds – has brought cultural and social richness, as well as a larger labour force and tax base. Arab sweet shop in Bilbao. Composition of immigration in Euskadi by nationality (% of total population). 2003-2006 2003 22,3 2004 2005 2006 18,8 17,2 17,3 8,2 8,7 8,6 11,2 12,1 12,6 12,2 11,8 8,2 6 6,2 6,9 By nationality, Colombia and Ecuador combined account for 22% of the total; Morocco for 8.9%, and Portugal, 7.5% (in decline, as is the case of Argentina). The largest growth in immigration has come from Romania and Bolivia, accounting for 7.4% and 7.2%, respectively. As for gender, the numbers are equal for men and women. Immigrants tend to settle in the areas where they have contacts with earlier arrivals from their same countries: Colombians tend to go to Bizkaia and Araba; Ecuadorians to Bizkaia and Gipuzkoa; Portuguese and Argentineans to Gipuzkoa; Moroccans and Algerians prefer Araba and, to a lesser extent, Gipuzkoa; Romanians and Bolivians prefer Bizkaia. In general terms, immigration in Bizkaia is mainly from Latin America, in Gipuzkoa, from Europe, and in Araba from the Maghreb countries. 8.36% of Navarreʼs total population of 592,482 is made up of immigrants, a figure similar to the overall Spanish average. Most of this group is concentrated in Pamplona-Iruña and in the Ribera district, the latter accounting for 10.11% of the population. Broken down by nationality, Ecuador (28.12%), Morocco (10.22%), Colombia (9.7%), Algeria, Bulgaria and Portugal make up nearly two thirds of the immigrant population. Navarre has experienced a drastic escalation in the immigrant population over the past seven years, increasing from 4,313 to almost 50,000. According to January 2006 data from the Spanish National Statistics Institute (INE), a total of 2,718,318 people were registered in the census in southern Euskal Herria. 2,020,220 (74.3%) were born in the Basque Autonomous Community or Navarra, 548.132 (20.2%) in the rest of Spain, and 149.968 (5.5%) in other countries. However, only 122,276 (4.5%) of this latter group are actually considered foreign nationals since they kept their citizenship. 48 47,7 48,2 48,8 20 40 60 80 EU-15 Rest of Europe Morocco and Algeria Rest of Africa USA and Canada Latin America Asia Fuente: Elaborado a partir de datos del INE. 4,9 4,7 6,1 6,2 The presence of new groups of immigrants is redefining the concept of what it means to be Basque.
3.2. The family Family standards vary considerably from one society to another. Todayʼs families do not have as many children, and it is no longer common to find several generations living under one roof. Families today come in all types, generally with fewer children and a working mother. 3.2.1. Traditional versus modern families The major changes of the 1900s transformed rural farming families into urban industrial families. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND MODERN FAMILIES Traditional family Modern family Patriarchal Democratic Numerous children Few children Women work in the home Women employed outside the home Male and female roles Roles flexible and clearly divided equally distributed Family as economic unit Family as unit of consumption Family units consist of different combinations of people: • Couples with or without children (heterosexual or, to a much lesser degree, homosexual) • Single-parent families (one adult with children). • Groups of people joined by blood, affection or marriage. • People living on their own. The traditional family (heterosexual couple with children), which used to be practically the only option available, now accounts for only 44.1% of families in Euskadi. Today 20% of the population lives alone (the figure has doubled in five years), 17% are couples without children, and single-parent families make up 10%. 3.2.2. Marriage and divorce The rights and obligations of marriage are contained in the Civil Code and other laws. The law states that the marriage ceremony can be civil or religious. Civil ceremonies are performed by a judge, mayor or a delegated representative, and in the presence of two witnesses. Religious weddings recognized as valid in civil law can be performed according to the rituals of four types of religions: Catholic, Evangelical, Muslim and Jewish. There is also marriage by proxy (whereby an individual is authorised to represent one of the contracting parties if that person cannot be present), and consular marriage, whereby the ceremony is performed in a foreign country at the consulate or embassy. Homosexual marriage Several countries now recognise same-sex marriage (Netherlands, Belgium, Canada and Spain), which allows the contracting parties all of the same rights and obligations as any other married couple, including adoption. Such legal recognition is in sharp contrast with those who see homosexuality as an aberrations rather than a personal choice. Annulment, separation and divorce The annulment of a marriage is decreed by judicial decision whereby a judge declares the marriage invalid on the grounds of a serious defect. Separation is when a married couple ceases to live together, suspending the legal effects of marriage, while legally maintaining the union. Either of the two spouses can file for separation, regardless of whether they have reached an agreement. Divorce is the legal termination of a marriage. Once divorce is granted, both individuals are allowed to marry another person. If there are any children both parents must agree on custody, child support, visiting rights, distribution of assets, etc. If they are not able to reach an agreement, the former spouses present their arguments in a court of law, and the final decision is made by a judge. Domestic partnerships Basque society today is open and heterogeneous. Domestic partnerships are unmarried couples who decide to live together with no contract to regulate their union. Nowadays this is a common arrangement. Pursuant to Basque Parliament Law 2/2003 on domestic partnerships in Euskadi, the rights and obligations of domestic partnerships, including among homosexuals, are the same as those of married couples in legal matters governed by Euskadi, including adoption, health care, taxation, etc. However, should one of the individuals in a domestic partnership die, the surviving partner does not have the right to a widowerʼs pension. In order for a domestic partnership to enjoy legal status, the couple must be included in the Register of Domestic Partnerships of Euskadi or in the corresponding municipal register. Equality between men and women (also known as gender equality) is guaranteed by law, and enshrined in the Gender Equality Act passed by the Basque Parliament in February 2005. Perpetrators of domestic violence and harassment against women are pursued with the full force of the law. 19 Roles within the couple have changed both quickly and significantly. Campaign launched by Emakunde to promote sharing responsibilities between men and women.
Page 1 and 2: culture sport inmigration society T
Page 3 and 4: culture society sport inmigration p
Page 5 and 6: 7. THE ARTS IN EUSKAL HERRIA 7.1. V
Page 7: Terms used Euskal Herria, also know
Page 10 and 11: 8 Traditional Basque farmhouse. 1.
Page 12 and 13: 10 Santimamiñe cave, Bizkaia. Roma
Page 14 and 15: 12 The second Carlist War was fough
Page 16 and 17: 14 After more than 40 years since t
Page 18 and 19: 16 3.1.1. Factors for social change
Page 22 and 23: 20 3.3. Social participation There
Page 24 and 25: 22 3.3.4. Non-governmental organisa
Page 26 and 27: 24 The makila (rulerʼs staff) is t
Page 28 and 29: 26 The traditional biltzar system,
Page 30 and 31: 28 Over the coming years, a large p
Page 32 and 33: 30 Basque Parliament. Vitoria-Gaste
Page 34 and 35: 32 Today, however, Iparralde is und
Page 36 and 37: 34 The 1970s economic crisis saw th
Page 38 and 39: 36 5.2.2. Trends in welfare and inc
Page 40 and 41: 38 5.3. The economies of Navarre an
Page 43 and 44: Part two Culture Basque culture tod
Page 45 and 46: Each Basque territory holds its own
Page 47 and 48: 6.2.3 Historical difficulties Histo
Page 49 and 50: 7. THE ARTS For the purposes of thi
Page 51 and 52: 7.1.3. Architecture 49 Architecture
Page 53 and 54: The nineteenth and twentieth centur
Page 55 and 56: 7.2 Basque literature Basque litera
Page 57 and 58: In addition to the above writers ar
Page 59 and 60: 7.3. Performing arts 7.3.1. Theatre
Page 61 and 62: Contemporary popular music The emer
Page 63 and 64: 7.4. Digital culture and multimedia
Page 65 and 66: Museo de Navarra. The Museum of Nav
Page 67 and 68: 8.2.1. Music and media libraries 65
Page 69 and 70: There are two private universities
Page 71 and 72:
8.6. The media The mass media in Eu
Page 73 and 74:
In addition to music, some radio st
Page 75 and 76:
8.7.2. Historical figures This sect
Page 77 and 78:
Jose Antonio Aguirre y Lecube (Bilb
Page 79 and 80:
8.9. Traditional and popular cultur
Page 81 and 82:
Gastronomy The quality of Basque cu
Page 83 and 84:
There are a lot of places to visit
Page 85 and 86:
• Post-Compulsory Secundary Educa
Page 87 and 88:
9.2. Other resources in the Basque
Page 89 and 90:
9.4. Addresses of government instit
Page 91 and 92:
Sources and bibliography Official r
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